Page 33 - 《华中农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年5期

第 5 期 宫进波 等：南疆地区玉米和棉花的氮磷钾肥利用效率及影响因素 27

Utilization efficiency and influencing factors of N， P and K fertilizers
for maize and cotton in the Southern Xinjiang region

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1,2
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GONG Jinbo ,SHENG Jiandong ,TANG Mingyao ,FU Guohai ,TANG Guangmu ,YAN Cuixia 2
1.College of Resources and Environment， Xinjiang Agricultural University，Urumqi 830052， China；
2.Xinjiang Soil and Fertilizer Station， Urumqi 830009，China；3.National Agricultural Technology Exten⁃
sion Service Center， Beijing 100125，China；4.Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Saving，
Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Urumqi 830091，China

Abstract In 2021, 35 field experiments on the utilization efficiency of fertilizer (16 for maize and 19 for
cotton) were conducted in the Southern Xinjiang region to study the effect of fertilization and the relationship
between soil fertility and utilization efficiency of fertilizer in the Southern Xinjiang region. The nutrient defi⁃
ciency treatments (NP, PK, NK) and full fertilizer treatment (NPK) were set up. The yield response, agro⁃
nomic efficiency, nutrient accumulation pattern, soil fertility and the effect of fertilization on utilization effi⁃
ciency of fertilizer for maize and cotton were studied respectively. Results showed that the average yield of
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maize and cotton treated with NPK was 14 020.3 kg/hm and 6 582.7 kg/hm , respectively. The average ag⁃
ronomic efficiency of N, P 2O 5, K 2O was 13.0 kg/kg, 13.3 kg/kg, 10.7 kg/kg,and 6.1 kg/kg, 7.6 kg/kg,
and 7.5 kg/kg, respectively. The average utilization efficiency of N, P and K fertilizers for maize and cotton
was 42.4%, 21.2%, 54.1% and 41.7%, 18.9%, 58.2%, respectively. The application of N, P and K fertil⁃
izers increased yield of maize and cotton by 30.6%, 14.7%, 6.5% and 41.5%, 21.1%, 13.4%, respective⁃
ly. Fertilizer application significantly improved the uptake of N, P and K by maize and cotton. 2.44 kg N,
0.91 kg P 2O 5, and 2.87 kg K 2O were required for every 100 kg maize kernels. 5.37 kg N, 1.67 kg P 2O 5, and
4.36 kg K 2O were required for every 100 kg cotton seed. The utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer in
maize was significantly and negatively correlated with the application of phosphorus fertilizer, and the utiliza⁃
tion efficiency of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in cotton was significantly and negatively correlated with
the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as well. Maize yield was negatively correlated with the
application of phosphorus fertilizer and positively correlated with the content of effective phosphorus in soil,
indicating that there may be a certain problem of excessive application of phosphorus fertilizer in maize in the
Southern Xinjiang region. The utilization efficiency of potassium fertilizer in maize and cotton was significant⁃
ly negatively correlated with the content of effective phosphorus in soil. There was a significant negative cor⁃
relation between soil pH, cotton yield, and the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in
maize. It is indicated that soil salinity and alkalinity in the Southern Xinjiang region are one of the main limit⁃
ing factors affecting cotton yield and the improvement of utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus fer⁃
tilizer in maize. In the future, it is necessary to further optimize fertilization, increase the management of sa⁃
line and alkali farmland, and improve utilization efficiency of fertilizer in combination with the popularization
of drip irrigation technology in the Southern Xinjiang region.
Keywords soil fertility； maize； cotton； utilization efficiency of fertilizer; management of saline and al⁃
kali farmland; Southern Xinjiang

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