Page 40 - 《华中农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第6期

34 华 中 农 业 大 学 学 报 第 41 卷

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Effects of optimized fertilization on yield of crops and loss of nitrogen
and phosphorus in multiple cropping system of rapeseed-rice

1
1,2
3
1,2
ZHANG Lijin ,CHAO Siqin ,LU Mengzhen ,HUANG Guoqin ,
2
2
QIAN Guoming ,XIA Liming ,SHENG Jinke 2
1.Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology，Ecology and Genetic Breeding，Ministry of Education/
Center for Ecological Sciences，Jiangxi Agricultural University，Nanchang 330045，China；
2.Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources，Nanchang 331717，China；
3.Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region，Institute of Subtropical
Agriculture，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Changsha 410125，China

Abstract The changes of the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the multiple cropping system of
rapeseed-rice，the cumulative loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in the runoff water and the yield of crops were
studied through the positioning monitoring test under three different modes of fertilization including the optimiza‐
tion of principal factor，the integrated optimization and the conventional treatment to investigate the effects of op‐
timized fertilization on the yield of crops and the dynamic changes of the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in the
runoff water of paddy field.The results showed that the content of total nitrogen，nitrate nitrogen，total phospho‐
rus and soluble phosphorus in the runoff water during the whole growth period increased first，then decreased，
and then tended to be stable，while the content of ammonium nitrogen in rapeseed was always low.Compared
with the conventional treatment，the average content of total nitrogen，ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen
in the runoff water under the principal factor optimization decreased by 31.44%，45.45% and 28.84%，respec‐
tively.The accumulative loss of total nitrogen，ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen under conventional treat‐
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2
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ment were 10.92 kg/hm ，0.37 kg/hm and 9.16 kg/hm ，respectively.Under the principal factor optimization
and the integrated optimization，the cumulative loss of the total nitrogen，ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitro‐
gen decreased by 31.41% and 22.99%，2.71% and 43.24%，31.01% and 29.81%，respectively.The yield of
2
rapeseedseed under the integrated optimization was 1 954.6 kg/hm ，which was 4.60% and 4.79% higher than
that under the principal factor optimization and conventional treatment，respectively.The yield of rice under inte‐
2
grated optimization was 6 375.5 kg/hm ，which was 3.76% and 0.81% higher than that under the principal fac‐
tor optimization and conventional treatment，respectively.It is indicated that the integrated optimization can not
only significantly improve the yield of crops，but also effectively reduce the risk of the loss of nitrogen and phos‐
phorus in paddy fields compared with conventional fertilization，which is of great significance for protecting the
environment and controlling the pollution of non-point source.
Keywords multiple cropping system of rapeseed-rice；fertilization reduction；loss of nitrogen and
phosphorus；fertilizer utilization efficiency；non-point pollution

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