Abstract:Four different pre-treatment methods including ultrasound （US）， ultrasound assisted enzymatic method （US+EM）， ultrasound assisted alkaline method （US+AM）， and ultrasound assisted hot-water method （US+WM） were used to study the effects of different desugaring pretreatment on the quality of red jujube crisps dried with hot air drying and instant controlled pressure drop.The color， texture， taste， and the content of main nutrients in the dried red jujube crisps were analyzed.The results showed that different ultrasound assisted desugaring pretreatment had a significant impact on the quality of red jujube crisps dried with hot air drying and instant controlled pressure drop.Compared with different desugaring pretreatment， the solid reduction rate of fresh jujube samples treated with US and US+EM was 2.53% and 3.36%， significantly lower than that with US+AM and US+WM.The content of polysaccharide in US+WM was the lowest with the best effect of desugaring， followed by US+EM treatment with hot air drying and instant controlled pressure drop of red jujube crisps.The US+EM with instant controlled pressure drop of red jujube crisps resulted in a high retention rate of flavonoid and the smallest loss of VC content.The results of electronic tongue showed that the taste of red jujube crisps pretreated with US+EM and dried with instant controlled pressure drop was best.It is indicated that ultrasound assisted enzymatic （US+EM） treatment reduces the content of sugar while retain the flavor and nutrients of red jujube crisps to the greatest extent.

Abstract:Jujube witches’ broom disease is a significant threat to jujube trees.To reveal the key biological pathways associated with disease resistance in jujube germplasm in response to phytoplasma infection， a graft-inoculation method was used to evaluate the resistance of 324 jujube germplasm resources to this disease.The study utilized disease-resistant germplasms ‘QS10’，‘UU12’，‘EQ15’ and the susceptible germplasms ‘Zhongyangmuzao’，‘Hupingzao’，‘Luzhao 5’ as materials.The phytoplasma content in leaf tissues was measured at 90 days and 120 days post-infection，and transcriptome sequencing was conducted to elucidate the differential responses.The results showed that the concentration of phytoplasma in resistant germplasm was low and gradually decreased after grafting，while the concentration of phytoplasma in susceptible germplasm was higher and gradually increased over time.The DEGs of both resistant and susceptible germplasm were significantly enriched in pathways such as plant-pathogen interaction，plant hormone signal transduction，and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.Notable differences were observed in the expression of genes related to peroxisome，photosynthetic pathway and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway.WGCNA analysis revealed that core genes such as lipid phosphatase，RNA editing factor MORF 3，LysM domain receptor-like kinase，and serine/threonine protein kinase sty13-like were associated with resistant germplasm.Research indicated that in response to phytoplasma invasion，the differential expression of genes involved in plant-pathogen interaction，synthesis of secondary metabolites，plant hormone signal transduction，and MAPK signaling pathways may contribute to the differential phenotypes observed between resistant and susceptible germplasms.The peroxisome-related genes are upregulated in disease-resistant germplasm，while photosynthetic genes are less affected by phytoplasma invasion，which may contribute to the normal progression of energy metabolism and redox balance of resistant germplasm，thereby enhancing its disease resistance.Additionally，secondary metabolites such as flavonoids and terpenes may play a role in eliminating the damage caused by active oxygen.

Abstract:The planting area and annual yield of jujube in China rank first in the world，while Xinjiang is the largest jujube production area in China.The jujube industry，as an important pillar industry of regional economic development in Xinjiang，has a good industrial foundation and development prospects.However，the processing products of Xinjiang jujube are still mainly primary processing products，with a low proportion of intensive and deep processing，which limits the high-quality development of the Xinjiang jujube processing industry.This article reviewed the situation of jujube planting，production and market circulation in China and Xinjiang，and summarized the progress of jujube processing products and processing technology in recent years.The current problems of Xinjiang jujube industry including the low degree of mechanization，short industrial chain，and serious product homogeneity were analyzed.Measures and advices in terms of planting patterns，product development，and brand construction were proposed.It will provide useful reference for promoting the high-quality and sustainable development of jujube processing industry in Xinjiang.

Abstract:In order to effectively control jujube dry rot disease，47 fungal isolates of jujube dry rot plaques from different sources were identified and characterized by using sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer （ITS） and elongation factor 1 α （EF-1α） genes and indoor inoculation method，and their distribution characteristics and virulence differences were analyzed. The distribution characteristics and differences in pathogenicity were also studied. The results showed that Botryosphaeria dothidea，Spencermartinsia viticola，Diplodia mutila，D. seriata，and Phaeobotryon rhois were identified as the major pathogens causing jujube dry rot. Among them，the isolation frequency of S. viticola was the highest （65.96%），followed by that of B. dothidea （17.02%）. The dominant pathogens were different in different regions. B. dothidea and D. seriata were the predominant species in Henan and Hebei areas，and S. viticola was the predominant species in Shanxi，Gansu，and Ningxia areas. The pathogenicity of different pathogens to jujube tree was different，and the results indicated that the pathogenicity of B. dothidea was the highest and that of P. rhois was the weakest. The results of this study showed that the pathogens of jujube dry rot were mainly composed of 5 species in the Botryosphaericeae family，and the dominant pathogens were different in different regions. In terms of pathogenicity，the pathogenicity of different strains of the same pathogen varies in different regions，and the pathogenicity of different strains of pathogens in the same region also varies. The results of this study provide reference for the precise prevention and control of jujube dry rot in different areas.

Abstract:In order to explore the coupling scheme of water and fertilizer suitable for drip irrigation to improve the quality and efficiency of Jun jujube， 10 a Jun jujube of 224 regiment in Kunyu City， a typical self-pressure irrigation area in Southern Xinjiang was studied.Referring to the local practice， the irrigation amount of 770 mm and the fertilization amount of 1 125 kg / km2 were used as the control， a two-factor three-level plot trial was conducted with water（W1，540 mm；W2，630 mm；W3，720 mm）， chemical fertilizer（F1，562.5 kg/hm2；F2，810 kg/hm2；F3，1 080 kg/hm2）.To explore the response law of new shoot， bearing branch， photosynthetic characteristics and yield of Jun jujube under drip irrigation in Southern Xinjiang to water and fertilizer coupling.The results showed that the effects of irrigation， fertilization and water-fertilizer interaction on leaf net photosynthetic rate（Pn）， transpiration rate（Tr）， stomatal conductance（Gs）， intercellular CO2 concentration（Ci）， new shoots and bearing branch were in the order of irrigation>fertilization>water-fertilizer interaction.The effects on yield and irrigation water use efficiency（IWUE）were water and fertilizer interaction>irrigation>fertilization.The effect on fertilizer partial factor productivity（PFP） was water and fertilizer interaction>fertilization>irrigation.The single fruit weight， vertical and horizontal diameter of Jun jujube showed fertilization>irrigation>water and fertilizer interaction.The effect on fruit shape index was fertilization>water and fertilizer interaction>irrigation.The results showed that W3F2 was the best treatment for shoot and bearing， W2F3 was the best treatment for yield and IWUE， W2F2 was the best treatment for Pn， Tr， Gs， single fruit weight， vertical and horizontal diameter， W3F1 was the best treatment for PFP.This study can provide scientific basis for water and fertilizer management of dripper Jun jujube in Southern Xinjiang.

Abstract:Jujube as one important economic crop in Southern Xinjiang was used to analyze the relationship between raw spectra and first-order differential spectra of jujube leaves and the content of total nitrogen with hyperspectral techniques. A model for predicting the content of nitrogen was established to provide a theoretical basis for nitrogen monitoring and precise fertilization during jujube cultivation. Spectral sensitive variables were used to construct vegetation indices as derivative variables. Multiple linear and nonlinear models for predicting the content of nitrogen were established using derivative variables as variables. The accuracy of models for predicting the content of nitrogen was tested. Results showed that the fitted decision coefficients of models based on the original spectra and first-order differential spectra of jujube trees were greater than 0.75. The overall prediction performance of the original spectral variables was better than that of first-order differential spectra. The best prediction was based on the power function model of the original spectral variables 4： Nit =1.097x0.735， R2=0.821， and RMSE=0.024 5. It is indicated that the model established for predicting the content of nitrogen can achieve good effect of monitoring nitrogen in jujube tree based on hyperspectral reflectance characteristics， and can serve as an important theoretical basis for the nutrient diagnosis of jujube tree.

Abstract:The mature fruits from 18 gray jujube producing regions in Southern Xinjiang were used to study the differences of fruit quality indicators in each producing regions and comprehensively evaluate the fruits. Based on the results of previous studies,the eugenic zone of gray jujube in Southern Xinjiang was clarified to provide a reference for improving the quality and efficiency of the jujube industry and scientifically developing the gray jujube industry in Southern Xinjiang.The results showed that there were significant differences in the quality indicators of gray jujube among different production regions. There was a close correlation between each quality. Four common factors were extracted by factor analysis,and their cumulative contribution rate was 82.058%. The contribution rate of each factor was used to calculate the comprehensive score of gray jujube in each producing regions and rank. The 18 producing regions were divided into 3 categories by cluster analysis. The results of factor analysis were basically the same as cluster analysis. The comprehensive fruit quality of gray jujube in the southeast of Tarim Basin was better than that in the northwest. The results of cross-analysis with previous researches showed that the four producing regions including Ruoqiang,Minfeng,Luopu,and Qiemo are not only extremely suitable for the growth and development of gray jujube in terms of climate factors,but the comprehensive quality of gray jujube fruit is better as well. It is indicating that these four producing regions are the best eugenic zones of gray jujube in Southern Xinjiang. The restructuring of the gray jujube eugenic zone in Southern Xinjiang is of guiding significance for developing the jujube industry.