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Mining the dosing pattern and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine compound for the treatment of piglet diarrhea based on data and network pharmacology

zhangjieying , gaojinjie , zengguangmeng , Wangxiaoxiao , taoyanfei , wangxu

Adopted date: April 08,2025

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Abstract:
The high morbidity and mortality of piglet diarrhea is an important factor in the economic loss of pig breeding industry, Chinese medicine as the treasure of our traditional culture has a unique advantage in the treatment of disease, such as safety and stability, in order to explore the medication pattern and mechanism of action of the Chinese medicine compound for the treatment of piglet diarrhea, we collected Chinese medicine compound for the treatment of piglet diarrhea from China Knowledge Network (CNKI), Wanfang, Wipro and ancient books, and used Python We used Python and SPSS to perform data mining and analyze the medication patterns such as drug frequency, drug properties, drug flavor, categorization, drug pairs, and association rules. The core pairs of drugs were analyzed by network pharmacology, and the components and targets were extracted with the help of TCMSP database and Swiss ADME platform, and the intersecting targets were analyzed by protein interaction analysis using STRING database, and the mediators of targets were obtained by using Network Analyze of Cytoscape 3.9.1 software, and the GO and KR of targets were analyzed by applying webgestalt database. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of the targets was performed. The results showed that 19 drugs were used in TCM treatment of piglet diarrhea with a frequency of ≥5, among which the high-frequency drugs were Poria, Rhizoma Coptidis, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Radix et Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Radix Astragali, etc. The medicinal properties are warm (38.13%); the medicinal flavor is sweet (33.21%), bitter (33.03%), and the attributed meridians are spleen (22.94%), stomach (18.07%) and lung (13.67%); the high-frequency pairs of medicines are Atractylodes macrocephala-Poria and Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng, with the frequency of more than 10 times; in the association rule, the combination of Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng, Atractylodes macrocephala and Poria is closely linked, and the screening and de-emphasis can obtain the combinations involving There were 22 active ingredients and 672 targets, and the GO analyzed 12 targets related to biological processes, 21 related to cellular components and 18 related to molecular functions, involving 10 KEGG pathways. The results showed that most of the HF herbs used in the treatment of piglet diarrhea are heat-clearing, food-eliminating and tonic herbs, which mainly play the functions of clearing heat and removing toxins, strengthening the spleen and stomach, and benefiting qi to stop diarrhea, and the core pairs of herbs and groups of herbs used are those that tonify the spleen and stomach, or clear heat and dry dampness, such as represented by Codonopsis pilosulae, Rhizoma Atractylodes Macrocephalae, and Poria cocos. Its active ingredients, such as dehydroorotatory acid, can act on inflammation-related targets such as ALB, AKT1, TP53, etc., and participate in MAPK pathway, Ras pathway and cAMP pathway to exert antidiarrheal effects.

Effects of black rice anthocyanins on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function and intestinal health of Procambarus clarkii

ZHANGQIAN , YUANYONGCHAO , HuWendi , MoAijie , YangHuijun

Adopted date: April 08,2025

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In order to explore the effects of adding black rice anthocyanins in the diet on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function and intestinal health of Procambarus clarkii, 450 Procambarus clarkii were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and 30 shrimps per replicate. Two anthocyanin sources, black rice (BR group) and black rice extract (AC group), were supplemented with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg respectively, and they were recorded as CON, BR200, BR400, AC200 and AC400. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The results show that: The results showed as follows: adding 400 mg/kg black rice anthocyanin significantly increased the weight gain rate, specific growth rate and survival rate of shrimp (P<0.05), and significantly increased the activity levels of hepatopancreas immune-related enzymes PPO, AKP and ACP of shrimp (P<0.05). In terms of digestibility, adding 400 mg/kg black rice anthocyanin significantly increased intestinal amylase activity (P<0.05), and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05). The intestinal trypsin activity of anthocyanin treatment group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between BR400 and AC400 groups (P>0.05); Compared with control group, T-AOC activity level of hemolymph in anthocyanin treated group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). The activity levels of immune-related enzymes such as AKP and ACP in hemolymph and intestinal tract were significantly increased (P<0.05). In conclusion, adding black rice or black rice anthocyanin extract in the diet can effectively improve the growth, antioxidant, immune and digestive properties of Procambarus clarkii. The recommended supplemental level is 400 mg/kg.

Fig.1 Jianli Base of ShuangshEffects of Ducks on Pests, Weeds, and the Diversity of Arthropod Communities in Paddy Fields with Rice-Crayfish Cultivationui and Shuanglv Research Institute of Huazhong Agricultural University (the part shaded in blue)

zhangxinyue , suhaiying , lijiafan , yangzhengwu , yusongshen , tangpengjia , yangzhaowei , chenkeliang , fuzhouxi , caiwanlun , huahongxia

Adopted date: April 08,2025

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In order to developping a more efficient rice cocultivation model, a field experiment was carried out at the Jianli Base of Shuangshui and Shuanglu Research Institute of Huazhong Agricultural University in 2022. The occurrence of diseases, insects and weeds and the diversity of arthropods in the field were investigated under the rice monoculitivaiton(CK), rice-crayfish cultivation (RC) and two rice-duck-crayfish cultivations (HRDC，rice-dark-crayfish model with high frequency of dark locomotion；LRDC，with low frequency). The results showed that the inhibitory effect of ducks on non-gramineous weeds (Cyperus difformis and Alternanthera philoxeroides) was very significant (P<0.05), but not on grasses (Echinochloa crusgall and Leptochloa chinensis), and the inhibitory effect of HRDC on non-gramineous weeds was higher than that of LRDC. In addition, compared with CK and RC, two treatments with duck had a significant effect on inhibiting the damage of rice leaf roller borer and rice planthopper at tillering stage and booting stage (P<0.05), but did not show a significant control on rice stem borer. At booting stage, the diversity and evenness of plots treated by duck were significantly higher than those of CK treated with pesticide (P<0.05), and the diversity and evenness of HRDC were the highest, followed by the treatment of LRDC. In summary, duck farming in rice-crayfish cultivation fields is a feasible and effective environmental friendly control system in rice fields.

Facial object detection for tractor drivers in complex environments based on improved YOLOv7

xuhongmei , liyalin , lizhongxin , mengjunshi , yangkangxin , lixurong

Adopted date: April 07,2025

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To address the issues of facial small target false detection and low detection accuracy caused by vibration and background occlusion for tractor drivers in complex agricultural environments, this study proposes a facial small target detection method for tractor drivers based on improved YOLOv7, termed YOLO-SOD. Firstly, in the neck network, the improved Spatial Pyramid Pooling module AS_SPPFCSPC is utilized to replace SPPCSPC, effectively aggregating low-frequency global information with high-frequency local information to enhance the accuracy of facial localization for drivers. Secondly, the Cross-Level Partial Network module VoVGSDCSP is employed to replace the E-ELAN module in the neck network, achieving higher computational efficiency. Finally, the 20 pixel × 20 pixel large target detection layer P5 is removed, and a new 160 pixel × 160 pixel small target detection layer P2 is added to enhance the feature extraction capability for small targets. Additionally, a new detection head SC_C_detect is introduced to improve the computational efficiency of the model. Experimental results demonstrate that the improved algorithm achieves a single-image detection time of 7.8 ms, with AP0.5 at 97.29% and AP0.5:0.95 at 69.45%. Compared to the baseline model, there is an improvement of 2.49 and 6.83 percentage points respectively. Compared to current mainstream object detection networks Faster-RCNN, YOLOv5l, and YOLOv8l, the AP0.5 is increased by 6.79, 3.99, and 0.59 percentage points respectively, with model sizes reduced by 106.003, 15.956, and 11.346M. The improved facial small target detection algorithm exhibits high detection accuracy and inference speed, providing technical support for fatigue monitoring and safety warning systems for tractor drivers. Keywords: tractor; driver; facial detection; small target detection; YOLOv7.

Efficiency and Green: A Comparative Study of the "Rice-Shrimp-Duck" Integrated Farming System and Other Rice Paddy Farming Systems

Liangpan , Chen Xuan

Adopted date: April 03,2025

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This study is based on field survey data from Hubei Province in 2023 and employs the SFA and SBM-DEA models to measure the technical efficiency and ecological efficiency of different rice-farming systems, aiming to explore the efficiency differences among them. The results indicate that: (1) Among the four rice-farming modes—single rice, “rice-shrimp”, “rice-duck”, and “rice-shrimp-duck”—the “rice-shrimp-duck” mode demonstrates the highest technical and ecological efficiency, with values of 0.760 and 0.545, respectively. In contrast, the technical efficiency of the “rice-duck” model and the ecological efficiency of the “rice-shrimp” model were the lowest, at 0.581 and 0.323, respectively. (2) Household head's gender, agricultural insurance, economic development level, extreme temperatures, and average rainfall have inhibited the improvement of technical efficiency, while household head age, agricultural subsidies, total household income, and drone usage contribute positively to technical efficiency. (3) The age of the household head and high-temperature heatwave indicators significantly improve ecological efficiency, while factors such as household head gender, total household population, total household income, drone usage, economic development level, extreme low temperatures, and drought negatively affect the improvement of ecological efficiency. (4) Compared to the single rice mode, the rice-shrimp mode's technical efficiency and ecological efficiency decrease significantly by 0.053 and 0.178, respectively, while the rice-shrimp-duck mode's technical efficiency is 0.163 higher than that of the single rice mode.

Detection of fresh umami intensity in grass carp based on hyperspectral and multi-attention mechanisms

wan shiwen , feng yaoze , Shu guoqiang , zhao mingquan , wang yijian , kong liqin , zhu ming

Adopted date: April 03,2025

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To solve the problems of strong subjectivity, long time-consumption and sample destructiveness of the existing umami intensity detection methods, deep learning and machine learning algorithms combined with hyperspectral imaging technology were used to establish a fast and nondestructive detection method for grass carp umami intensity. After collecting the hyperspectral data of grass carp, the spectral feature wavelengths were selected using competitive adaptive reweighted sampling method, and the Gaussian-weighted multi-head attention network (GMANet) was developed and support vector machine regression (SVR), partial least squares regression (PLSR) and other machine learning algorithms were used to establish and optimize the grass carp umami detection model. The results showed that the root mean square error of prediction and the coefficient of determination of prediction of GMANet network were 0.0082 and 0.8844, respectively, which were better than the optimal modeling method SVR in traditional machine learning, whose root mean square error of prediction and the coefficient of determination of prediction were 0.0077 and 0.8188, respectively. The study shows that hyperspectral technology has a large application prospect in the direction of umami intensity detection, and the GMANet network can make full use of the spatial image and spectral information of the samples, which provides a new method for the subsequent application of hyperspectral image detection.

Evaluation of the effects of vermicompost-based acid soil conditioners on acidity-alkalinity, fertility of acidic soil, and the growth of shanghaiqing

MING Runting , NA Liping , WAN Fang , WU Haicheng , WANG Wei , TAN Wenfeng , WU Yupeng

Adopted date: April 03,2025

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To enhance the acid soil improvement performance of vermicompost, this study developed two vermicompost-based acid soil conditioners, B+M+V and BMV, by incorporating high-alkalinity substances—oyster shell powder (M) and biochar (B) into vermicompost (V) through physical mixing and vermicomposting. A pot experiment was conducted to compare the application effects of B+M+V, BMV, and other amendments such as lime (L), oyster shell powder (M), biochar (B), and vermicompost (V). Results indicated that L and M had the most pronounced soil acid reduction effects, with soil pH increasing by 3.18 and 2.81 units, respectively, and soil aicd-base buffering capacity (pHBC) increasing by 196.81% and 236.97%, respectively. The acid reduction effects of the B+M+V and BMV conditioners were second best, with soil pH increasing by 1.35 and 1.49 units, and pHBC increasing by 124.97% and 104.07%, respectively. Applications of B and V showed limited effects on soil acid reduction. The application of V, B+M+V, and BMV significantly improved soil fertility. Specifically, soil organic matter increased by 197.53% and 222.51% with B+M+V and BMV applications, respectively. Additionally, soil available phosphorus, potassium content, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were significantly improved by B+M+V and BMV applications. The plant height and biomass of Shanghaiqing were significantly higher with B+M+V and BMV applications compared to L, M and B applications. Moreover, the accumulated absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium by Shanghaiqing were significantly increased with B+M+V and BMV applications. Principal component analysis evaluation revealed that L and M excelled at soil acid reduction, V, B+M+V, and BMV were good at improving soil fertility, while B+M+V and BMV were effective in promoting plant growth. Overall, B+M+V and BMV demonstrated the best comprehensive effects on acid soil improvement. The above results indicated that the two types of vermicompost-based acid soil conditioners effectively combined the advantages of pure vermicompost in soil fertility improvement and the strong acid reduction capacity of high-alkalinity substances, and could play an excellent comprehensive role in acid soil improvement.

Comparison of Nutritional Components of ‘Huamoxiang 5’ Rice under Different Cropping Patterns

zhaoxiaochi

Adopted date: April 02,2025

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To investigate the differences in nutritional quality of the black rice variety ‘Huamoxiang 5’ under various cropping patterns and compare the advantages and disadvantages between different patterns, we conducted a comparative nutriomic analysis of rice harvested from multiple cropping systems, including monoculture, rice-shrimp coculture, and rice-shrimp-duck integrated farming etc. The study aimed to explore the effects of different cropping patterns on the nutritional composition of rice. The results indicated that the cropping pattern significantly influenced the nutritional quality of ‘Huamoxiang 5’. The nutritional value of whole-grain black rice of ‘Huamoxiang 5’ was significantly superior to that of the polished form. Compared to monoculture, the rice-shrimp-duck integrated farming pattern increased the oil content (P < 0.05) and the levels of B vitamins, soluble phenolic acids, oryzanol, and γ-aminobutyric acid in whole grain black rice, but it reduced the content of protein, starch, vitamin E, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and other substances. This study comprehensively measured the nutritional indicators of ‘Huamoxiang 5’ and demonstrated the differences in nutritional components among different cropping patterns, providing theoretical support for optimizing the rice-shrimp-duck integrated farming model.

Research on the Phenotype Extraction Method of Mushrooms Based on U-Net

LiuYan , LiuHuan , ZhangEnShuai , ZhaoWenRui , Zhuzihan , BianYinBing , LiangXiuYing

Adopted date: March 28,2025

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In response to the low level of informatization and time-consuming manual measurement of mushroom phenotype, this paper proposes a U-Net mushroom phenotype extraction method. This method collects cross-sectional images of shiitake mushrooms, establishes a dataset, and achieves segmentation of shiitake mushroom caps, stems, and left and right gills based on U-Net. The average intersection to union ratio and average pixel accuracy of the model are 85.00% and 91.25%, respectively. The automatic measurement of five phenotypic parameters of shiitake mushrooms, including cap diameter, cap thickness, stem length, stem diameter, and gill width, was achieved by combining the centroid method and the minimum bounding rectangle method. Compared with manual measurements, the method proposed in this article has average absolute percentage errors of 1.57%, 5.01%, 2.57%, 5.47%, and 2.74% in measuring cap diameter, cap thickness, stem length, stem diameter, and gill width, respectively; The root mean square errors are 0.12cm,

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