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Research Progress in the Metabolic Regulation of "Golden Flower" Fungus on Quality Formation and Health Benefits of Fuzhuan Brick Tea

WANG XIN , GUO QIANRUI , REN JINGYI , LIU JINHU , LI WEI , ZHANG XIAOWEN , YUE TIANLI

Adopted date: December 11,2025

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Abstract:
The unique quality and health benefits of Fuzhuan brick tea primarily rely on the metabolic regulation by the "golden flower fungus" (Eurotium cristatum) during the "fahua" process. To deepen the understanding of their intrinsic connection, this review synthesizes the succession patterns and regional characteristics of the microbial community in Fuzhuan brick tea fermentation. It summarizes the mechanisms by which core microorganisms (e.g., E. cristatum, Bacillus spp.) regulate the transformation of tea components through enzymatic reactions (e.g., polyphenol oxidase, cellulase) and secondary metabolism (e.g., anthraquinones, polysaccharides): On one hand, they drive the oxidation of tea polyphenols and the synthesis of volatile compounds, shaping the characteristic "rich fungal aroma, bright reddish liquor color, and mellow taste" quality. On the other hand, their metabolites (e.g., Fu brick tea elements, tea polysaccharides) modulate the gut microbiota and inhibit oxidative stress, thereby exerting health effects such as anti-obesity and reduced metabolic disorder risks. This review provides a theoretical foundation for optimizing Fu brick tea quality and exploring the development of functional products based on "golden flower fungus" metabolites.

Citrus Pollen Viability Detection via Modified YOLOv11-FS Model

liuliyuan , zhangxuelin , chenhong , liweifu , liaojianhua , xiekaidong , wuxiaomeng , chenyaohui

Adopted date: December 08,2025

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Abstract:
Accurately detecting citrus pollen vitality is crucial for cultivating seedless citrus varieties and satisfying the demand for high-quality citrus products. Developing intelligent tools for this detection is therefore of great significance. In this study, we built a pollen vitality detection dataset through manual collection and labeling, addressing challenges such as the clustering, small size, and complex background of citrus pollen particles. To tackle the issues of imbalanced pollen samples and complex backgrounds in the dataset, we improved the YOLOv11 deep neural network, introducing the YOLOv11-FS model. During detection, we replaced the EIOU loss in YOLOv11 with the Focal EIOU loss function to boost performance on imbalanced samples and combined it with Soft NMS to enhance detection box accuracy. We also leveraged the backbone and neck networks of YOLOv11-FS to boost feature extraction and key pixel region recognition, improving small target detection accuracy. Experimental results showed that our improved YOLOv11-FS model performed outstandingly in pollen detection tasks, with a pollen vitality rate error of only 0.70%. For fertile pollen detection, the recall rate, accuracy rate, and F1 score reached 98.76%, 99.67%, and 99.22%, respectively, while for sterility pollen detection, these metrics were 94.87%, 98.89%, and 96.84%, respectively. These results met the basic requirements for pollen vitality detection and provided reliable support for seedless citrus breeding. This method offers technical support for pollen vitality detection and variety improvement in intelligent citrus orchard management and can also serve as a reference for pollen vitality detection in other plants.

Urban-rural Disparities in Shanghai’s Park Cooling Services: A Dual Perspective of Thermal Comfort and Temperature

LIU Yanan , PENG Jiuyao , ZENG Peng , XUE Wei , LAI Xiaohong , LIU Yaoyi

Adopted date: December 03,2025

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Abstract:
Climate change has intensified extreme heat events in China’s megacities, posing severe risks to public health. Parks, as key blue–green infrastructures, can alleviate urban heat, yet most assessments rely only on land surface temperature (LST), overlooking thermal comfort. Taking Shanghai as a case, this study introduces the Modified Temperature–Humidity Index (MTHI) and integrates park vector data with mobile phone signaling populations to evaluate cooling benefits from both temperature and comfort perspectives, with attention to urban–suburban differences. Results show: (1) suburban parks achieve broader LST cooling ranges, but high humidity reduces MTHI effectiveness; (2) park area, vegetation, and water coverage are positively correlated with cooling intensity, while vegetation coverage shows opposite correlations with cooling distance based on LST (positive) and MTHI (negative); (3) due to higher densities, core urban parks serve far more equivalent cooling populations than suburban parks, yet MTHI estimates are 54.5% lower than LST, indicating LST-based evaluations may overestimate benefits. The findings highlight the importance of incorporating thermal comfort metrics into park benefit assessments and suggest differentiated strategies: increasing small-scale parks in dense urban centers and optimizing suburban park design to enhance environmental thermal comfort.

Effects of the no-tillage mulching combined with formula fertilizer and organic fertilizer on yield and water and fertilizer use efficiency of direct - seeded rapeseed

Zhang Yue , Tao Mingcong , Wang Sheliang , Ding Guangda , Xu Fangsen

Adopted date: December 01,2025

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Abstract:
To investigate the effects of no-tillage mulching combined with organic and formula fertilizers on rapeseed yield and water-fertilizer use efficiency in the middle-lower Yangtze River region, a field plot experiment was conducted using Brassica napus cultivar 'Dadi 199'. Four treatments were established: T1 (conventional cultivation without fertilization), T2 (conventional cultivation with conventional fertilization), T3 (conventional cultivation with formula fertilizer), and T4 (no-tillage mulching combined with organic and formula fertilizers). The study analyzed the impacts of different treatments on photosynthetic parameters, yield components, nutrient accumulation, and water-fertilizer use efficiency. Results demonstrated that compared to T2 and T3, T4 enhanced net photosynthetic rate, SPAD value, leaf area, and water use efficiency, with statistically significant differences versus T2 (p <0.05). The 20.5% and 12.0% yield increases in T4 relative to T2 and T3 respectively were primarily achieved through improved siliques per plant, seeds per silique, and 1000-seed weight. Among all treatments, T4 showed the highest nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium accumulation and nutrient proportion in seeds, though its P and K accumulation in roots, stems, and silique walls were lower than T2. The fertilizer contribution rate, agronomic efficiency, partial factor productivity, physiological efficiency, and water use efficiency all followed the order T4>T3>T2, with T4 exhibiting 16.5%, 53.1%, 31.2%, 48.7%, and 20.7% improvements over T2 respectively. All these differences between T4 and T2 were statistically significant except for fertilizer contribution rate. Although T3 showed better water-fertilizer use efficiency than T2, their differences were not significant. In conclusion, the no-tillage mulching combined with formula and organic fertilizers represents a promising cultivation model that can be promoted in the middle-lower Yangtze River region for achieving high yields of rapeseed and high efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization.

Study on Sodium Cholate Induced Tobacco TMV Resistance and Related Mechanisms

zhao wanqing , deng jiawei , lin birun , yang qiyun , shen huifang , chen zepeng , shi ying , tian juntong , chen feng , yang xin , ruan xiaolei

Adopted date: December 01,2025

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Abstract:
Tobacco is an important economic crop. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) seriously affects the quality and yield of tobacco leaves. Spraying immune inducers is currently a new approach for preventing and controlling plant viral diseases. Treat tobacco with dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, diamine glycyrrhizinate, Gancao cream, sodium cholate, and aluminum reagent respectively; Administer TMV 24 hours later; Quantitative PCR and Western-blot detection will be performed 7 days later. The results showed that treating tobacco with 10 mg/mL sodium cholate could effectively inhibit the expression of TMV genes and the accumulation of CP. The optimal induction time is 24 hours. The induced resistance can last for 10 days. Moreover, sodium cholate treatment can promote the growth of tobacco seedlings. By analyzing the expression of genes related to the JA pathway, SA pathway, and ET pathway, it is inferred that sodium cholate induced TMV resistance is closely related to the JA signaling pathway.

Design and prototyping of a vibration-filling production line for soft-pot seedling propagation in citrus cultivation

Zhu Jiating , Liu Chuanxin , Lu Lu , Li Shanjun , Zhang Yanlin , Xu Qinchao

Adopted date: December 01,2025

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Abstract:
In order to address the issue of time-consuming and labour-intensive substrate filling operations for citrus seedling soft pots in China, a vibration filling scheme for such pots was proposed and a vibration filling production line designed, capable of filling 36 plastic soft pots or four non-woven fabric large pots at a time. Through theoretical analysis and simulation calculations, the structural design and param-eters of the key components of the substrate mixing and conveying unit, the filli

Response of Tobacco Growth, Development and Quality to Different Types of Biochar in Southern Anhui

Huang Zhihong , Wang Xueying , Chen Jian , Shen Yi , Ran Fafen , Cheng Xuewen , Ren Tianbao , Dai Zhiyuan , Xue Lin

Adopted date: November 27,2025

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Abstract:
In order to investigate the response of soil physical and chemical properties, tobacco growth and development, and tobacco leaf quality to different carbon source biochar, this study took tobacco Yunyan 87 as the research object, with conventional fertilization as the control (CK), and set up conventional fertilization+pyrolysis biochar (T1), conventional fertilization+plant-based biochar (T2), conventional fertilization+animal based biochar (T3), and conventional fertilization+mixed carbon source biochar (T4), respectively. Explore the effects of different carbon sources of biochar on the growth, development, and quality of tobacco in southern Anhui. The results showed that T2 treatment significantly increased the available phosphorus and potassium content in the soil by 21.14% and 15.14%, respectively. The optimal sugar alkali ratio and potassium chloride ratio for the coordination of chemical composition in tobacco leaves under T3 treatment were 13.22 and 3.03, respectively. However, based on the contribution rate of biochar to the yield and output value of tobacco, T4 treatment showed the best effect, increasing the output value per hectare by 23.60%. In production practice, the growth and development of tobacco and the quality of tobacco leaves can be regulated by selecting and adding suitable carbon source biochar, providing scientific basis for achieving high-quality and high-yield tobacco.

Isolation, Identification, and Fermentation Performance Evaluation of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Sauce-Flavor Baijiu Distillers' Grains

Lu Chun-qi , Fang Hao , Xu Hao , Yu Hang , Jiang You-feng , Liang Yun Xiang , Wu Wei , Li Ying-jun

Adopted date: November 14,2025

[Abstract](17) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)

Abstract:
To develop specialized starter cultures suitable for high-acid and high-ethanol environments, this study aimed to systematically screen lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with excellent stress tolerance and fermentation performance from sauce-flavor Baijiu distillers' grains. A tiered screening strategy was employed: initial isolation of acid-producing strains on bromocresol purple plates, followed by identification based on morphology, Gram staining, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The identified strains were then subjected to secondary screening for ethanol tolerance (5%–15%). The dominant strains were systematically evaluated for their acid tolerance (pH 2.0–6.0), temperature tolerance (20–60 ℃), in vitro safety (hemolytic activity and antibiotic susceptibility), and growth characteristics. Their practical application potential was finally assessed via solid-state fermentation experiments. Approximately 100 acid-producing isolates were obtained initially. After purification and identification, 24 strains were confirmed as LAB, belonging to five species: Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lentilactobacillus buchneri, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. At the critical ethanol concentration of 8%, the survival rates of strains such as P. acidilactici F8, L. paracasei F16, and L. buchneri F18 remained around 10%. Most strains maintained survival rates exceeding 60% after 2 h of exposure to pH 3.0–6.0. Temperature tolerance tests indicated optimal growth at 30–37 ℃. Safety assessments revealed that the four dominant strains exhibited no hemolytic activity and were susceptible to most tested antibiotics. In solid-state fermentation, L. paracasei F16 achieved a viable count of up to 7.33 × 10? CFU/g (wet weight) in a 70% distillers' grain medium after 48 h, which was significantly higher than that of other strains. This study successfully obtained three LAB strains possessing excellent acid and ethanol tolerance, temperature adaptability, safety, and efficient fermentation capacity. These findings provide core microbial resources and a technical basis for the high-value utilization of sauce-flavor Baijiu distillers' grains, thereby laying a foundation for developing fermentation starters for harsh environments.

Analyzing the Metabolic Pathways and Routes of Social Genetic Effects on Residual Feed Intake Based on the Intestinal Metabolome of Duroc Pigs

ZHOU Wenxuan , Zhao Zhenjian , Chen Dong , Cui Shengdi , Wang junge , Chen Ziyang , Yu Shixin , Chen Jiamiao , Zhou Yaoxi , Huang Runjie , TANG Guoqing

Adopted date: November 11,2025

[Abstract](11) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)

Abstract:
(Objective:)This study aimed to explore key metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with the social genetic effects (SGE) of residual feed intake (RFI) in Duroc pigs at the intestinal metabolome level, providing a molecular-level explanation for the social genetic effects of feed efficiency.(Methods)The RFI-SGE values of 209 Duroc pigs were estimated, and 20 extreme individuals (10 highest and 10 lowest) were selected and divided into a high social genetic effect group (HRS) and a low social genetic effect group (LRS). Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q Exactive) was employed to analyze the metabolomic profiles of ileal and cecal contents. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to identify significant differential metabolites between HRS and LRS groups in the ileum and cecum. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was performed to elucidate the major functional pathways involving these metabolites.(Results)LC-MS/MS analysis revealed 1,111 and 590 significantly differential metabolites in the ileum and cecum, respectively. Thirteen shared metabolites, including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), were identified in both intestinal segments. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that ileal differential metabolites were primarily enriched in 26 pathways, such as alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; ABC transporters; and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. Cecal differential metabolites were mainly associated with 8 pathways, including tryptophan metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and purine metabolism.(Conclusion)This intestinal metabolomics study demonstrated that the social genetic effects of RFI in Duroc pigs are significantly correlated with differential metabolites (e.g., GABA) and key metabolic pathways (e.g., amino acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism). These findings offer novel insights into the metabolic mechanisms underlying the social genetic effects of feed efficiency.

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