Recent Adopted

Characteristics and variations of soil fertility evolution in paddy field under “rice-duck-crayfish” model

wulingyun , matianqiao , zhangwanyang , wangjinping , lixiaokun

Adopted date: March 12,2025

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Abstract:
To investigate the effect of in the “rice-duck-crayfish” model(CDR) on soil fertility in paddy fields, the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soils were compared between CDR and the rice monoculture model(RM) by using field experiments and sampling tests and analysis after rice harvesting in 2022-2023. The soil fertility of the two models was comprehensively evaluated by combining the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and the simple linear scoring method. The results showed that soil microbial biomass nitrogen significantly decreased by 53.27% after 2 years of CDR; the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium and microbial biomass carbon showed an increasing trend, and the soil pH, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase declined, but none of them showed a significant difference. Compared with RM, except for the microbial biomass nitrogen, other indicators showed different degrees of reduction. From the perspective of soil fertility, there was no significant difference between CDR and RM under 2-year planting and rearing conditions, but the soil fertility index of the paddy field in CDR showed an increasing trend, with an increase of 7.94%, while the soil fertility index decreased in RM, and the soil fertility index of CDR was 3.03% higher than that of RM in 2023. Therefore, there was no significant change in the soil fertility of paddy fields under CDR in two years.

Experiments on the mechanical properties of lotus seedpods tissues at different maturity

Wang Hongchang , Du Dizhuang , Pan Rui , Ren Zexu , Zhang Guozhong , Zeng Rong

Adopted date: March 11,2025

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Abstract:
In order to explore the appropriate method of breaking and threshing of fresh lotus seedpods, and achieve high efficiency and low damage mechanical lotus seed dewatering. The space lotus was taken as the research object in this study. The moisture content, appearance characteristics and mechanical properties of lotus seedpods with different maturity were carried out, especially focusing on the mechanical properties under shear, tensile and puncture loading method. The damage law of lotus seedpod tissue under different loading conditions were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the moisture content of lotus seeds was the highest in the lotus seed tissue, while the moisture content of the lotus seed epidermis was the lowest. Moreover, as the moisture content decreased, the moisture content of the lotus seed epidermis decreased the most significantly. Comparing the milk ripening period and wax ripening period, the appearance of lotus pods and seeds are fuller during the fully ripe period, with gaps appearing between the seeds and tissues. The shear and tensile properties of the lotus seedpods epidermis were obviously anisotropic, and the external loading mode had a significant impact on the shear and tensile rupture force. With the increase of maturity, the transverse shear rupture force and axial tensile rupture force of the epidermis increased gradually, while the longitudinal shear rupture force and transverse tensile rupture force of the epidermis had no obvious change. The loading speed had no significant effect on the shear and tensile rupture force of the epidermis. The average tensile rupture force of fiber tissues was larger at ripening stage, and there was no significant difference between milk ripening stage and wax ripening stage, and the loading speed had no significant effect on the tensile rupture force. Epidermal puncture damage of lotus seedpod was not affected by epidermal anisotropy. With the increase of maturity, the puncture rupture force of lotus seedpod decreased gradually, while the rupture force of epidermal puncture increased gradually. With the increase of the diameter of the probe, the rupture force of surface puncture and epidermal puncture increased. The loading method had the greatest influence on the loading rupture force of the epidermis, followed by maturity, and the least was loading speed. Different maturity of lotus seed epidermis could achieve less damage under external load under longitudinal shear or transverse stretching, but its anisotropic characteristics make it not universal when designing the machine. After comprehensive analysis of the three loading method, the universal mode of breaking the lotus seedpod was determined, that was, the puncture loading was applied first to destroy the lotus seed, the damage was achieved with less destructive power, and then the tensile cracking force was applied to achieve the efficient tearing of the lotus seed. The above research will provide theoretical basis for the design of fresh lotus seed peeling and threshing machine.

Semi supervised pig video segmentation based on XMem-SimAM

zhoumingyan , xudihong , chenmengfang , lixuan , liguoliang , liuxiaolei

Adopted date: February 28,2025

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Abstract:
The complex environment of pig farms and the dynamic growth of pigs, leading to changes in body shape, pose challenges for accurate pig segmentation. Video object segmentation, with its ability to utilize temporal information from video sequences, offers a promising solution for handling dynamic objects. In this study, we focus on pigs during dynamic feeding and growth processes in performance testing, constructing a pig video dataset comprising 234 video sequences. We propose a semi-supervised pig video segmentation method based on XMem-SimAM. By introducing SimAM attention for multi-scale feature fusion, the model"s ability to extract temporal information at different scales is enhanced, capturing the temporal characteristics of pigs" dynamic movements. The spatial-channel attention module is employed to strengthen the model"s extraction of temporal semantic feature weights. By optimizing the multi-scale feature fusion strategy and the upsampling module, the temporal correlation information in video sequences is fully utilized, improving the segmentation accuracy of pigs in videos at a fine-grained level. Comparative tests show that the XMem-SimAM model achieves a Jaccard index of 96.9, contour accuracy F-score of 95.8, average metric J F of 98.0, and Dice coefficient of 98.0 on the pig video dataset, outperforming video object segmentation methods such as MiVOS, STCN, DEVA, and XMem++. In the inference phase, the processing speed reaches 58.5FPS, with a memory consumption of 795MB, achieving a good balance between processing efficiency and resource utilization. The results indicate that this study provides a new method for segmenting dynamically growing pigs in complex farm environments.

Numerical simulation and optimization of autumn thermal environment in a closed cage-rearing layer house

zhoujianwei

Adopted date: February 27,2025

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Abstract:
In order to optimize the thermal environment of a closed cage-rearing layer house under vertical ventilation mode in autumn, this paper simulated the temperature field, relative humidity field, and air velocity field distribution of the current layer house through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The accuracy of the numerical model was verified. Through 17 sets of orthogonal simulation experiments, the average THVI (temperature-humidity-velocity index) and coefficient of variation (CVTHVI) of the cage-rearing areas were calculated for ventilation equipment parameters (the angle of the guide plate at the front mountain wall tunnel inlet，the angle of the guide plate at the side wall tunnel inlet，ventilation volume of a suction fan at the end) at three different levels. The results showed that the average relative errors of temperature, relative humidity, and air flow velocity at 24 measuring points on the aisle were respectively 0.38%, 0.52%, and 4.62%, indicating high accuracy of the numerical model; When the ventilation equipment parameters are set to 10°,90° and 42 000 m3/h, the average THVI and coefficient of variation CVTHVI of the airflow field in the the cage-rearing areas are respectively 25.65 and 1.64%, which are 1.61% and 23.93% lower than the original ventilation scheme. This is beneficial for improving the thermal environment suitability and balance of the cage-rearing areas of the layer house.

Detection and Species Analysis of RNA Mycoviruses in Four Types of Edible Mushrooms

WANG Xin , LIU Yingying , XIAO Junbo , LI Huaping , LI Pengfei

Adopted date: February 27,2025

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Abstract:
Clarifying the types of viruses in different edible mushrooms during production is the foundation for preventing and controlling fungal virus disease in edible mushrooms. High throughput sequencing technology was used to detect fungal viruses in 53 strains of Pleurotus spp., 10 strains of Ganoderma spp., 17 strains of Flammulina filiformis, and 12 strains of Coprinus comatus. PCR amplification and sequence analysis were performed on newly discovered potential new viruses, and phylogenetic tree analyses were conducted based on sequence comparison. BLASTx sequence alignment results showed that a total of 51 contigs were annotated as 41 viruses detected from 92 strains of four types of edible mushrooms. A total of 13 possible novel viruses were identified through RT-PCR amplification and sequence analysis, including 7 species found in Pleurotus spp., 3 species in Coprinus comatus, 1 species in Flammulina filiformis, and 2 species in Ganoderma spp.. These viruses belong to the +ssRNA viruses, -ssRNA viruses, and dsRNA viruses, and are distributed in 8 viral families, including Barnaviridae, Botuoviridae, Deltaflexiviridae, Mymonaviridae, Partiviridae, Phenuiviridae、Phlegiviridae, and an unclassified member of the order Bunyavirales. In conclusion, there are relatively abundant fungal viruses in the four types of edible mushrooms, among which fungal virus was first discovered in Coprinus comatus and Ganoderma spp.. The discovery of these novel viruses provides a certain reference for further research, prevention, and control of edible mushroom viral diseases.

Genetic transformation and application in plant non-tissue culture

Feng Meng-qi , WANG Ruo-yu , SI Ma-lu , JIANG Nan , ZHAI Xiao-qiao , ZHAO Zhen-li , FAN Guo-qiang

Adopted date: February 26,2025

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Abstract:
The efficient and stable genetic transformation system of plants is an important technical support for gene function analysis and molecular breeding. The lack of a complete tissue culture system has seriously hindered its application in many plants, especially crops. In recent years, many efficient non-tissue culture genetic transformation systems have been established to solve the above problems. This review focuses on the application of Agrobacterium-mediated non-tissue culture genetic transformation systems, including flower organ infection, cut-dip-bud (CDB) delivery, regenerative activity–dependent in planta injection delivery (RAPID), seed infection, developmental regulatory (DR) gene assisted transformation and virus delivery in plants, the influencing factors of transformation efficiency and gene editing applications. The application of pollen tube channel method, particle bombardment method and nano delivery method in plants independent of Agrobacterium is summarized. This review will provide reference for more species to establish efficient, simple and genotype-independent non-tissue culture genetic transformation system, and help plant functional gene research and molecular breeding practice.

Design and test a chute mass flow meter for granular material using the capacitive method

lukaixin , Zhaoyanhui , Caoqing , Yongganwen , Wangtianbin , Liujing , Niuzhiyou

Adopted date: February 25,2025

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Abstract:
To achieve online automatic measurement of the mass flow rate of granular materials in the chute, according to the difference in dielectric properties between granular materials and air, a chute mass flow meter for granular materials based on the capacitance method is designed. The device uses STM32 microcontroller, the capacitance-to-digital Converter chip AD7746 and the plate conversion circuit with MT8816 as core chip of the to build a data acquisition system to achieves effective acquisition of the of eight-plate rotary excitation sensors. A mass flow test bench was built, maize, wheat and pellet compound feed as test materials，the relationship between mass flow rate and capacitance output variation was calibrated, and the mass flow prediction models of three kinds of granular materials were constructed. The model coefficient of determination R2 is 0.990 4, 0.993 9 and 0.987 9 respectively. The chute mass flow meter for granular materials performs well when the chute inclination angles of 15°, 25°, 35°, 45°,55°，the maize and wheat mass is 30, 50 and 70 kg，the pellet compound feed mass is 30，50，65 kg . Regarding measurement accuracy, the average relative errors of maize, wheat and pellet compound feed were measured 3.11%, 3.76% and 3.55% respectively. The results show that it is feasible to apply the capacitance method to the online measurement of mass flow rate during the transport of detect the mass flow of granular materials in the chute, and can achieve the online automatic measurement of mass flow rate of measuring granular materials.

Isolation, identification and susceptibility of a pathogenic proteus vulgaris isolated from diseased Pelophllax nigromaculatus

Zhang Yuze , Dong Jing

Adopted date: February 25,2025

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Abstract:
A pathogenic bacterial strain of B20200824 was isolated from the brain, spine, liver and kidney of diseased Pelophllax nigromaculatus. The strain was identified by physiological and biochemical assays, 16S rRNA sequencing and evolutionary tree construction, then the susceptibility and the minimal inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics were determined by disk diffusion and broth micro-dilution methods, respectively. After identification, the strain was found to be a Gram-negative short bacillus with biochemical characteristics consistent with those of proteus vulgaris. Moreover, 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic results revealed that the strain had a close genetic relationship with proteus vulgaris, which shared over 99% genetic homology. Thus, B20200824 was identified as proteus vulgaris. The results of drug susceptibility test showed that the strain was resistant to norfloxacin, amoxicillin, enrofloxacin and other 3 drugs, intermediate to doxycycline and erythromycin, and susceptible to azithromycin, cefotaxime, florfenicol ant 2 other drugs. Similar results were obtained according to the results of the minimum inhibitory concentration assay.

Effect of sulphur fertilizer dose on yield quality and combustion performance of tobacco

SUN Jing-Guo , CHANG Yi-Fei , ZHENG Xiao-Mei , QIAO Bao-Ming , FAN You-Lun , TIAN Hui-Wen , CHEN Tao , CAI Li-Guang , ZHAI Lin-Dun , SUN Xue-Cheng

Adopted date: February 24,2025

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Abstract:
Using cigar-filler variety Chuxue 14 (CX-14) as a material, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different sulfur fertilizer dosages (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg S/hm2) on the agronomic properties, yield, quality and combustibility of cigar tobacco, in order to provide a basis for determining the appropriate sulfur fertilizer dosage and fertilization management for cigar tobacco. The results showed that applying sulfur fertilizer increased the height, maximum leaf width, leaf length, effective leaf number, and SPAD value of cigar tobacco during the field-growth period, increased yield and superior tobacco rate, thus increased output value of cigar tobacco. The yield and output value were highest under 120 kg/hm2 sulfur application, and the superior tobacco rate was highest under 60 kg/hm2 sulfur application. Applying sulfur fertilizer could increase the total sugar, reducing sugar, reducing sugar proportion, and crude protein contents of cigar tobacco, thus could improve the intrinsic quality of cigar tobacco. 60 kg/hm2 sulfur application improved the combustion performance of cigar tobacco by increasing the activation energy during the combustion process, reducing the initial temperature, maximum heat flux temperature and frequency factor, reducing ash content, increasing maximum heat flux and total heat release. Compared with no sulfur application, the maximum heat flux and total heat release were increased by 10.9% and 6.3%, while the frequency factor during combustion decreased by 43.7% under 60 kg/hm2 sulfur application. The above results indicate that 60 kg/hm2 is the appropriate sulfur application for cigar tobacco under the conditions of this experiment. Although excessive sulfur fertilizer application (120 and 180 kg/hm2) can increase the yield and economic benefits of cigar tobacco, it is not conducive to the improvement of tobacco combustion performance. Therefore, in the process of cigar tobacco planting, it can be considered to appropriately reduce the application of potassium sulfate fertilizer, and replace it with potassium carbonate and other potash fertilizers, in order to reduce the negative impacts of excessive sulfur fertilizer on the combustion performance of tobacco as well as soil acidification.

Resistance of rice maincrop varieties in Sichuan to Bipolaris oryzae and physiological and biochemical mechanisms

liwentao , jiayan , luoxiumei , penganchun , wuchunxian , wangxuegui

Adopted date: February 24,2025

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Abstract:
In order to clarify the resistance of the current rice maincrop varieties to Bipolaris oryzae and the potential physiological and biochemical resistance mechanisms, this study evaluated the resistance levels of 20 main rice germplasm of Sichuan and 5 control rice varieties to B. oryzae using a potting resistance identification method, determined the activities of five defensive enzymes in the leaves of different resistance levels, and analyzed the leaf blades of the rice seedlings from the resistant and susceptible varieties by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results showed that 'Yu Xiangnuo No.1' and 'Zhe Japonica Excellent No.4' were highly resistant varieties, while five varieties, including 'Zhe Japonica Excellent No.1578', behaved as moderately resistant varieties, and the rest of the varieties were disease susceptible The remaining varieties were susceptible varieties; the enzyme activities of five enzymes such as SOD, PPO, PAL, POD and CAT in disease-resistant rice varieties and susceptible rice varieties were first increased and then decreased, and the enzyme activities of the disease-resistant varieties were significantly higher than those of the susceptible varieties; a total of 18 secondary metabolites were obtained, and the contents of four secondary metabolites, including ribitol, D-glucose, malic acid, and 2,3,4-trihydroxybutyric acid, differed significantly between disease-resistant and disease-susceptible varieties, and between inoculated B. oryzae or not on the same variety. Therefore, the disease-resistant varieties of rice can resist the infestation of B. oryzae by enhancing the activities of five defensive enzymes and the contents of four secondary metabolites.

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