Recent Adopted

Efficiency and Green: A Comparative Study of the "Rice-Shrimp-Duck" Integrated Farming System and Other Rice Paddy Farming Systems

Liangpan , Chen Xuan

Adopted date: April 03,2025

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Abstract:
This study is based on field survey data from Hubei Province in 2023 and employs the SFA and SBM-DEA models to measure the technical efficiency and ecological efficiency of different rice-farming systems, aiming to explore the efficiency differences among them. The results indicate that: (1) Among the four rice-farming modes—single rice, “rice-shrimp”, “rice-duck”, and “rice-shrimp-duck”—the “rice-shrimp-duck” mode demonstrates the highest technical and ecological efficiency, with values of 0.760 and 0.545, respectively. In contrast, the technical efficiency of the “rice-duck” model and the ecological efficiency of the “rice-shrimp” model were the lowest, at 0.581 and 0.323, respectively. (2) Household head's gender, agricultural insurance, economic development level, extreme temperatures, and average rainfall have inhibited the improvement of technical efficiency, while household head age, agricultural subsidies, total household income, and drone usage contribute positively to technical efficiency. (3) The age of the household head and high-temperature heatwave indicators significantly improve ecological efficiency, while factors such as household head gender, total household population, total household income, drone usage, economic development level, extreme low temperatures, and drought negatively affect the improvement of ecological efficiency. (4) Compared to the single rice mode, the rice-shrimp mode's technical efficiency and ecological efficiency decrease significantly by 0.053 and 0.178, respectively, while the rice-shrimp-duck mode's technical efficiency is 0.163 higher than that of the single rice mode.

Detection of fresh umami intensity in grass carp based on hyperspectral and multi-attention mechanisms

wan shiwen , feng yaoze , Shu guoqiang , zhao mingquan , wang yijian , kong liqin , zhu ming

Adopted date: April 03,2025

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Abstract:
To solve the problems of strong subjectivity, long time-consumption and sample destructiveness of the existing umami intensity detection methods, deep learning and machine learning algorithms combined with hyperspectral imaging technology were used to establish a fast and nondestructive detection method for grass carp umami intensity. After collecting the hyperspectral data of grass carp, the spectral feature wavelengths were selected using competitive adaptive reweighted sampling method, and the Gaussian-weighted multi-head attention network (GMANet) was developed and support vector machine regression (SVR), partial least squares regression (PLSR) and other machine learning algorithms were used to establish and optimize the grass carp umami detection model. The results showed that the root mean square error of prediction and the coefficient of determination of prediction of GMANet network were 0.0082 and 0.8844, respectively, which were better than the optimal modeling method SVR in traditional machine learning, whose root mean square error of prediction and the coefficient of determination of prediction were 0.0077 and 0.8188, respectively. The study shows that hyperspectral technology has a large application prospect in the direction of umami intensity detection, and the GMANet network can make full use of the spatial image and spectral information of the samples, which provides a new method for the subsequent application of hyperspectral image detection.

Evaluation of the effects of vermicompost-based acid soil conditioners on acidity-alkalinity, fertility of acidic soil, and the growth of shanghaiqing

MING Runting , NA Liping , WAN Fang , WU Haicheng , WANG Wei , TAN Wenfeng , WU Yupeng

Adopted date: April 03,2025

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Abstract:
To enhance the acid soil improvement performance of vermicompost, this study developed two vermicompost-based acid soil conditioners, B+M+V and BMV, by incorporating high-alkalinity substances—oyster shell powder (M) and biochar (B) into vermicompost (V) through physical mixing and vermicomposting. A pot experiment was conducted to compare the application effects of B+M+V, BMV, and other amendments such as lime (L), oyster shell powder (M), biochar (B), and vermicompost (V). Results indicated that L and M had the most pronounced soil acid reduction effects, with soil pH increasing by 3.18 and 2.81 units, respectively, and soil aicd-base buffering capacity (pHBC) increasing by 196.81% and 236.97%, respectively. The acid reduction effects of the B+M+V and BMV conditioners were second best, with soil pH increasing by 1.35 and 1.49 units, and pHBC increasing by 124.97% and 104.07%, respectively. Applications of B and V showed limited effects on soil acid reduction. The application of V, B+M+V, and BMV significantly improved soil fertility. Specifically, soil organic matter increased by 197.53% and 222.51% with B+M+V and BMV applications, respectively. Additionally, soil available phosphorus, potassium content, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were significantly improved by B+M+V and BMV applications. The plant height and biomass of Shanghaiqing were significantly higher with B+M+V and BMV applications compared to L, M and B applications. Moreover, the accumulated absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium by Shanghaiqing were significantly increased with B+M+V and BMV applications. Principal component analysis evaluation revealed that L and M excelled at soil acid reduction, V, B+M+V, and BMV were good at improving soil fertility, while B+M+V and BMV were effective in promoting plant growth. Overall, B+M+V and BMV demonstrated the best comprehensive effects on acid soil improvement. The above results indicated that the two types of vermicompost-based acid soil conditioners effectively combined the advantages of pure vermicompost in soil fertility improvement and the strong acid reduction capacity of high-alkalinity substances, and could play an excellent comprehensive role in acid soil improvement.

Comparison of Nutritional Components of ‘Huamoxiang 5’ Rice under Different Cropping Patterns

zhaoxiaochi

Adopted date: April 02,2025

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Abstract:
To investigate the differences in nutritional quality of the black rice variety ‘Huamoxiang 5’ under various cropping patterns and compare the advantages and disadvantages between different patterns, we conducted a comparative nutriomic analysis of rice harvested from multiple cropping systems, including monoculture, rice-shrimp coculture, and rice-shrimp-duck integrated farming etc. The study aimed to explore the effects of different cropping patterns on the nutritional composition of rice. The results indicated that the cropping pattern significantly influenced the nutritional quality of ‘Huamoxiang 5’. The nutritional value of whole-grain black rice of ‘Huamoxiang 5’ was significantly superior to that of the polished form. Compared to monoculture, the rice-shrimp-duck integrated farming pattern increased the oil content (P < 0.05) and the levels of B vitamins, soluble phenolic acids, oryzanol, and γ-aminobutyric acid in whole grain black rice, but it reduced the content of protein, starch, vitamin E, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and other substances. This study comprehensively measured the nutritional indicators of ‘Huamoxiang 5’ and demonstrated the differences in nutritional components among different cropping patterns, providing theoretical support for optimizing the rice-shrimp-duck integrated farming model.

Research on the Phenotype Extraction Method of Mushrooms Based on U-Net

LiuYan , LiuHuan , ZhangEnShuai , ZhaoWenRui , Zhuzihan , BianYinBing , LiangXiuYing

Adopted date: March 28,2025

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Abstract:
In response to the low level of informatization and time-consuming manual measurement of mushroom phenotype, this paper proposes a U-Net mushroom phenotype extraction method. This method collects cross-sectional images of shiitake mushrooms, establishes a dataset, and achieves segmentation of shiitake mushroom caps, stems, and left and right gills based on U-Net. The average intersection to union ratio and average pixel accuracy of the model are 85.00% and 91.25%, respectively. The automatic measurement of five phenotypic parameters of shiitake mushrooms, including cap diameter, cap thickness, stem length, stem diameter, and gill width, was achieved by combining the centroid method and the minimum bounding rectangle method. Compared with manual measurements, the method proposed in this article has average absolute percentage errors of 1.57%, 5.01%, 2.57%, 5.47%, and 2.74% in measuring cap diameter, cap thickness, stem length, stem diameter, and gill width, respectively; The root mean square errors are 0.12cm,

Characteristics and variations of soil fertility evolution in paddy field under “rice-duck-crayfish” model

wulingyun , matianqiao , zhangwanyang , wangjinping , lixiaokun

Adopted date: March 12,2025

[Abstract](7) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)

Abstract:
To investigate the effect of in the “rice-duck-crayfish” model(CDR) on soil fertility in paddy fields, the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soils were compared between CDR and the rice monoculture model(RM) by using field experiments and sampling tests and analysis after rice harvesting in 2022-2023. The soil fertility of the two models was comprehensively evaluated by combining the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and the simple linear scoring method. The results showed that soil microbial biomass nitrogen significantly decreased by 53.27% after 2 years of CDR; the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium and microbial biomass carbon showed an increasing trend, and the soil pH, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase declined, but none of them showed a significant difference. Compared with RM, except for the microbial biomass nitrogen, other indicators showed different degrees of reduction. From the perspective of soil fertility, there was no significant difference between CDR and RM under 2-year planting and rearing conditions, but the soil fertility index of the paddy field in CDR showed an increasing trend, with an increase of 7.94%, while the soil fertility index decreased in RM, and the soil fertility index of CDR was 3.03% higher than that of RM in 2023. Therefore, there was no significant change in the soil fertility of paddy fields under CDR in two years.

Experiments on the mechanical properties of lotus seedpods tissues at different maturity

Wang Hongchang , Du Dizhuang , Pan Rui , Ren Zexu , Zhang Guozhong , Zeng Rong

Adopted date: March 11,2025

[Abstract](16) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)

Abstract:
In order to explore the appropriate method of breaking and threshing of fresh lotus seedpods, and achieve high efficiency and low damage mechanical lotus seed dewatering. The space lotus was taken as the research object in this study. The moisture content, appearance characteristics and mechanical properties of lotus seedpods with different maturity were carried out, especially focusing on the mechanical properties under shear, tensile and puncture loading method. The damage law of lotus seedpod tissue under different loading conditions were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the moisture content of lotus seeds was the highest in the lotus seed tissue, while the moisture content of the lotus seed epidermis was the lowest. Moreover, as the moisture content decreased, the moisture content of the lotus seed epidermis decreased the most significantly. Comparing the milk ripening period and wax ripening period, the appearance of lotus pods and seeds are fuller during the fully ripe period, with gaps appearing between the seeds and tissues. The shear and tensile properties of the lotus seedpods epidermis were obviously anisotropic, and the external loading mode had a significant impact on the shear and tensile rupture force. With the increase of maturity, the transverse shear rupture force and axial tensile rupture force of the epidermis increased gradually, while the longitudinal shear rupture force and transverse tensile rupture force of the epidermis had no obvious change. The loading speed had no significant effect on the shear and tensile rupture force of the epidermis. The average tensile rupture force of fiber tissues was larger at ripening stage, and there was no significant difference between milk ripening stage and wax ripening stage, and the loading speed had no significant effect on the tensile rupture force. Epidermal puncture damage of lotus seedpod was not affected by epidermal anisotropy. With the increase of maturity, the puncture rupture force of lotus seedpod decreased gradually, while the rupture force of epidermal puncture increased gradually. With the increase of the diameter of the probe, the rupture force of surface puncture and epidermal puncture increased. The loading method had the greatest influence on the loading rupture force of the epidermis, followed by maturity, and the least was loading speed. Different maturity of lotus seed epidermis could achieve less damage under external load under longitudinal shear or transverse stretching, but its anisotropic characteristics make it not universal when designing the machine. After comprehensive analysis of the three loading method, the universal mode of breaking the lotus seedpod was determined, that was, the puncture loading was applied first to destroy the lotus seed, the damage was achieved with less destructive power, and then the tensile cracking force was applied to achieve the efficient tearing of the lotus seed. The above research will provide theoretical basis for the design of fresh lotus seed peeling and threshing machine.

Detection and Species Analysis of RNA Mycoviruses in Four Types of Edible Mushrooms

WANG Xin , LIU Yingying , XIAO Junbo , LI Huaping , LI Pengfei

Adopted date: February 27,2025

[Abstract](7) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)

Abstract:
Clarifying the types of viruses in different edible mushrooms during production is the foundation for preventing and controlling fungal virus disease in edible mushrooms. High throughput sequencing technology was used to detect fungal viruses in 53 strains of Pleurotus spp., 10 strains of Ganoderma spp., 17 strains of Flammulina filiformis, and 12 strains of Coprinus comatus. PCR amplification and sequence analysis were performed on newly discovered potential new viruses, and phylogenetic tree analyses were conducted based on sequence comparison. BLASTx sequence alignment results showed that a total of 51 contigs were annotated as 41 viruses detected from 92 strains of four types of edible mushrooms. A total of 13 possible novel viruses were identified through RT-PCR amplification and sequence analysis, including 7 species found in Pleurotus spp., 3 species in Coprinus comatus, 1 species in Flammulina filiformis, and 2 species in Ganoderma spp.. These viruses belong to the +ssRNA viruses, -ssRNA viruses, and dsRNA viruses, and are distributed in 8 viral families, including Barnaviridae, Botuoviridae, Deltaflexiviridae, Mymonaviridae, Partiviridae, Phenuiviridae、Phlegiviridae, and an unclassified member of the order Bunyavirales. In conclusion, there are relatively abundant fungal viruses in the four types of edible mushrooms, among which fungal virus was first discovered in Coprinus comatus and Ganoderma spp.. The discovery of these novel viruses provides a certain reference for further research, prevention, and control of edible mushroom viral diseases.

Genetic transformation and application in plant non-tissue culture

Feng Meng-qi , WANG Ruo-yu , SI Ma-lu , JIANG Nan , ZHAI Xiao-qiao , ZHAO Zhen-li , FAN Guo-qiang

Adopted date: February 26,2025

[Abstract](24) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)

Abstract:
The efficient and stable genetic transformation system of plants is an important technical support for gene function analysis and molecular breeding. The lack of a complete tissue culture system has seriously hindered its application in many plants, especially crops. In recent years, many efficient non-tissue culture genetic transformation systems have been established to solve the above problems. This review focuses on the application of Agrobacterium-mediated non-tissue culture genetic transformation systems, including flower organ infection, cut-dip-bud (CDB) delivery, regenerative activity–dependent in planta injection delivery (RAPID), seed infection, developmental regulatory (DR) gene assisted transformation and virus delivery in plants, the influencing factors of transformation efficiency and gene editing applications. The application of pollen tube channel method, particle bombardment method and nano delivery method in plants independent of Agrobacterium is summarized. This review will provide reference for more species to establish efficient, simple and genotype-independent non-tissue culture genetic transformation system, and help plant functional gene research and molecular breeding practice.

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