Recent Adopted

FUNCTION OF SUBTILASES GmSBT1 IN NODULATION OF SOYBEAN

Lei Sijie , Lin Hui , HUANG Shichen , LI Youguo

Adopted date: April 26,2024

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To investigate the function of the GmSBT1 gene in nitrogen fixation in symbiosis between rhizobia and host plants, bioinformatics analysis, spatiotemporal expression localization, GUS staining localization and gene silencing were used to investigate its role in soybean rhizobia symbiosis. The results showed that the gene was specifically induced by rhizobia and only expressed at high levels in the rhizobia, possibly in the rhizobia cortex and bacterial cells. RNAi interference significantly reduced the aboveground fresh weight, nodule weight, and nitrogenase activity. This indicates that the GmSBT1 protein plays an important role in the formation and development of nodules, as well as nitrogen fixation in nodules.

Development Strategy and Path Choice of Ecological Low Carbon Agriculture in the Perspective of Food Security

LAN Hongxing , FENG Wenyi , HU Yuan

Adopted date: April 24,2024

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Synchronizing the food security strategy with the "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" goal is the key to accelerating the pace of agricultural and rural modernization and the construction of a strong agricultural country. Based on the perspective of food security, the study explains the scientific connotation of eco-low-carbon agriculture, clarifies the dialectical relationship between food security and eco-low-carbon agriculture, analyses the problems and challenges faced by eco-low-carbon agriculture under the food security strategy, and puts forward the development strategy and the promotion path. The study finds that under the guidance of "all-encompassing approach to food", "large-scale industrial view" and "view of big agriculture", ecological low-carbon agriculture is the ecological low-carbon of whole food category, whole industry process and whole life link. Food security is the bottom line requirement for the development of ecological low-carbon agriculture, and ecological low-carbon agriculture is the proper meaning of sustainable food security. At present, the development of ecological low-carbon agriculture is faced with natural resource constraints, scientific and technological bottlenecks, small-scale agricultural production patterns, the limitations of the residents"" concepts and other practical difficulties, and there is an urgent need to explore the expansion of water and land resources, the application of technological innovations, and the enhancement of the quality of the residents, and other effective paths, to promote the ecological low-carbon agriculture, to achieve the "food in the ground", "food in the technology", "food in the technology", "food in the life cycle". It is urgent to explore the effective paths of expanding water and land resources, applying technological innovation and improving the quality of residents, so as to promote ecological low-carbon agriculture to achieve the goal of "storing grain in the land", "storing food in technology" and "storing food in the people".

Genetic diversity analysis of Procambarus clarkii cultured population based on morphology and SSR markers

HU Qian , WANG Qi-shuai , Huang Jin , ZHU Wei-lin , CHEN Xiao-han , CHEN Xiu-li , LI Yan-he , PENG Min

Adopted date: April 24,2024

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In order to understand the genetic diversity of Procambarus clarkii cultured populations. Experiments based on three artificial cultured populations of P. clarkii in Nanning, Guangxi (AJ, LQ and SL) as the research object, on two wild populations of P. clarkii in Hubei (JZ) and Jiangxi (HK) as a contrast. The genetic diversity of different populations was analyzed based on morphology and microsatellite markers. Morphological analysis showed that the total discrimination accuracy of female and male populations were 68.59 % and 73.60 %, respectively. Morphological clustering grouped the three cultured populations into the same branch as the JZ population, indicating that the three cultured populations had high morphological similarity. Microsatellite analysis showed that AJ population and LQ population had the highest genetic diversity, followed by SL population and HK population. The genetic differentiation coefficient and genetic distance between LQ population and SL population were the smallest. The results showed that the cultured populations of P. clarkii in Guangxi had high genetic diversity, which provided reference for the comprehensive culture and breeding of P. clarkii.

Discrete Element Simulation and Optimization of Chopping and Throwing Device for Rapeseed Combine Harvester

zhoujie , liaoqingxi , wanxingyu , yuanjiacheng , lijunhao , qinyiming

Adopted date: April 24,2024

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In order to solve the problem that rapeseed grains are easily broken in the process of shredding and throwing in a self-developed rapeseed combine, the discrete element simulation of kernel crushing and the optimization of the shredding and throwing device were carried out. Based on the discrete element method, the rapeseed kernel bonding model was constructed and uniaxial compression test was carried out. According to the steepest climb test and Box-Behnken test, the optimal parameter combination of rape kernel bonding model is 7.0×109N/m, 6.82×109N/m, 6.61×1010Pa, 8.18×1010Pa, when the normal stiffness coefficient, tangential stiffness coefficient, critical normal stress and critical tangential stress are respectively. The simulation value of rapeseed grain crushing load was 12.67N, and the relative error with the physical value was 3.59%. Combined with the rapeseed grain bonding model, a simulation model of the shredding and throwing device of the rapeseed combine harvester was established. The three-factor and three-level Box-Behnken test was carried out with the rotating speed of the drum, the shredding clearance and the number of cutters as test factors, and the optimal parameter combination of the shredding and throwing device was determined. The results showed that: The optimal parameter combination of the shredding and throwing device is the drum speed 450r/min, the shredding clearance 30mm and the number of cutting tools 10. Bench test and field test of the rapeseed shredding and throwing device were carried out. The bench test results showed that with the increase of the rotation speed of the shredding drum, the rapeseed kernel crushing rate of the shredding and throwing device showed a linear increase trend. Field experiment results showed that the average rate of rapeseed grain breakage was 0.82%, and the operation of the shredding and throwing device was smooth. This study can provide a reference for the improvement and optimization of the structure of the cutting and throwing device for rape combined harvest.

Studies on the Causes of ‘Dongshi Zaoyou’ pummelo Seedlessness

liuchenglang , huangwenkai , yansuyun , zhouxianyan , dongmeichao , xuxiangzeng , gaoshide , gaojunyan , dengxiuxin , chailijun

Adopted date: April 22,2024

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Fruit seedlessness is a major excellent agronomic trait of citrus, in order to clarify the cause of seedlessness of ‘Dongshi Zaoyou’ pummelo. Taking ‘Dongshi Zaoyou’ pummelo and its hybrid offspring as the main test materials, we explored the causes of seedlessness of ‘Dongshi Zaoyou’ pummelo by using the staining methods of magenta acetate and aniline blue, cross-pollination and molecular markers. The results showed that ‘Dongshi Zaoyou’ pummelo was observed to have complete floral structures, pollen viability and pollen germination rates of 94.80% and 86.62%, respectively. ‘Dongshi Zaoyou’ pummelo showed self-incompatibility, whereas crosses with ‘Shatianyou’ pummelo showed cross-compatibility. A total of 164 F1 hybrids were identified from 175 cross progenies of ‘Shatianyou’ pummelo × ‘Dongshi Zaoyou’ pummelo using S5/S6-genotyped molecular markers, which excluded the possibility of male sterility in ‘Dongshi Zaoyou’ pummelo. In addition, the fruit set percentage of ‘Dongshi Zaoyou’ pummelo was 13.04% and 25.56% for two consecutive years with stimulating parthenocarpy and natural parthenocarpy, respectively. It was inferred that the self-incompatibility of ‘Dongshi Zaoyou’ pummelo and its ability to produce a partial parthenocarpy were the main reasons for its seedlessness.

Recognition of tea leaf disease based on improved Faster RCNN

JIANG Sheng , CAO Yapeng , LIU Ziyi , ZHAO Shuai , ZHANG Zhenyu , WANG Weixing

Adopted date: April 22,2024

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Aiming at the problems such as complex tea garden background, different scale of tea diseases, minimal disease spots and easy to miss and misdetect, an improved Faster RCNN model was proposed to identify tea leaf diseases.By comparing the feature extraction network VGG-16, mobilenetv2 and ResNet50 with optimized region suggestion frame, ResNet50 is selected as the backbone network with good effect;FPN network is integrated to improve the problem of missing detection of small targets and multi-scale problem of disease spots;Rank & Sort (RS) Loss function is used to replace the loss function in the original Faster RCNN to alleviate the impact of uneven sample distribution on model performance.The results show: The average precision mAP of the model proposed in this study was 88.06%, the detection speed was 19.1 frames /s, and the average accuracy of the identification of algal spot, white star disease, anthrax and soot disease was 75.54%, 86.84%, 90.42% and 99.45%, respectively. Compared with the original Faster RCNN model, the improvements were 40.98%, 44.16%, 13.9% and 2.43%, respectively.The results showed that this study could well detect and identify tea leaf diseases under the complex background of tea gardens, meet the requirements of tea leaf disease detection, provide reference for tea disease detection under natural environment, and have important research significance for tea disease prevention.

Cloning, identification and application of glyphosate-resistant EPSPS from Halomonas sp.

DingNing , HeYunhao , WuLinfei , LiChanjuan , WuGaobing

Adopted date: April 22,2024

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Glyphosate and glufosinate are two widely used non-selective herbicides globally. The former inhibits the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in the plant's shikimate acid metabolic pathway, while the latter inhibits the glutamine synthetase (GS) essential for plant ammonia assimilation. Both herbicides can non-selectively kill annual plants, including crops. The introduction of glyphosate-resistant genes into crops confers herbicide tolerance (HT) to the crops, which holds significant value in the field of molecular breeding. This study isolated a halophilic bacterium (Halomonas sp.) with high resistance to glyphosate from marine bacteria. Through genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, the coding gene (fHoEPSPS) for 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in this strain was identified to encode a bifunctional enzyme (fHoEPSPS) fused with a prephenate dehydratase (PDT) domain. The full-length fHoEPSPS, the G384A mutant (mfHoEPSPS), and a mutant lacking the N-terminal PDT domain (mHoEPSPS) were recombinantly expressed and purified in E. coli (DE3). Glyphosate resistance analysis revealed that the resistance of mfHoEPSPS was 19 times higher than that of fHoEPSPS. The introduction of the mHoEPSPS coding gene into tobacco confers a 3 times the recommended dosage of glyphosate tolerance. Moreover, to develop enzyme with both glyphosate and glufosinate tolerance, we constructd a chimeric enzyme by linking the glufosinate -resistant enzyme (Repat) at the N-terminus of mHoEPSPS with the self-cleaving peptide LP4/2A, resulting RLH. Tobacco transformed with the RLH gene exhibited simultaneous tolerance to 3-5 times the recommended dosage of glyphosate/glufosinate compound herbicides. This research provides new genetic resources for the breeding of HT crops and provide us new insights into the cultivation of dual-resistant glyphosate/glufosinate crops to address the evolution of glyphosate-resistant weeds.

Assessment of ecological spillover value of cultivated land and its temporal and spatial changes in Yangtze River Economic Belt from a Green and Low-Carbon perspective

Xia Weiqi , Zhang Minghui , Zhang Anlu

Adopted date: April 18,2024

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In order to assess the ecological spillover value of cultivated land in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, this study uses the Equivalent Factor Approach, the Environmental Cost Approach, and the carbon footprint of cultivated land to measure the ecological positive and negative values of cultivated land. Then, the supply and demand of cultivated land is combined to classify the eleven provinces (cities) of the Yangtze River Economic Belt into cultivated land ecological surplus areas, balance areas, and deficit areas. Meanwhile, we have analyzed the characteristics of their spatial and temporal changes. Results show that: Firstly, from 2011 to 2021, the total ecological value of cultivated land in the Yangtze River Economic Belt shows an increasing trend, rising from 367.037 billion yuan to 466.155 billion yuan. The ecological spillover value of cultivated land also gradually increases, from 135.382 billion yuan to 197.077 billion yuan. Secondly, cultivated land resources in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are in a surplus state overall. The ecological value of cultivated land exhibits an “east-low and west-high” pattern. Sichuan has the highest ecological value and surplus quantity of cultivated land, while Shanghai has the lowest ecological value. Only Shanghai and Zhejiang belong to the cultivated land ecological deficit area among the 11 provinces (cities). Thirdly, from 2011 to 2021, the cultivated land ecological values of Zhejiang and Shanghai are deficit, Sichuan is in the ecological high-surplus area, Chongqing and Guizhou are in a balanced state, and Jiangxi, Anhui, and Jiangsu show no significant changes in the ecological surplus or deficit of cultivated land. Yunnan and Hubei provinces see an increase in the ecological surplus of cultivated land, while Hunan province experiences a decrease. This study provides reference and guidance for cultivated land protection and the promotion of green and low-carbon development.

"Market-government" co-construction mechanism: a framework for promoting low-carbon agriculture in China

Zhanghaizhao , Zhouhui , Shizizhong , Huxiangdong

Adopted date: April 16,2024

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In promoting the realization of the "dual carbon" goals, the agricultural sector holds tremendous potential. However, the actual progress in unlocking this potential has been relatively slow. Currently, China's agriculture is at a crucial juncture in its low-carbon transformation and urgently needs to define mechanisms to steadily advance low-carbon agriculture in the new era. This paper delves into a plethora of literature to uncover the specific challenges facing China's agriculture in its low-carbon transition and theoretically analyzes the key bottlenecks during this transformation. Building on these analyses, an identification of opportunities for the stable development of low-carbon agriculture in China is conducted. The research indicates significant pressures in the agricultural sector during the transition towards a low-carbon model. These pressures are primarily characterized by the absence of mechanisms to convert low-carbon concepts into new avenues for value creation. At the same time, agricultural operators and top-level designs still maintain the inertia of the high-carbon era development models. It is, therefore, essential to re-evaluate the roles of the market and the government in China's transition to low-carbon agriculture, to seize the real opportunities under the "dual carbon" objectives, and to leverage the "market-government" co-construction mechanism. This approach aims to achieve low-carbon agricultural development targets that balance economic efficiency, social benefits, and ecological gains.

Research progress and future prospects of agricultural carbon issues under the “dual carbon” goal

tianyun , CAI YAN RONG

Adopted date: April 16,2024

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Abstract Reducing agricultural carbon emissions and improving the capacity of agricultural carbon sinks are important measures for China to realize the goal of "dual-carbon", which is also where the potential lies. Therefore, it is undoubtedly of great significance to clarify the current status of research on agricultural carbon issues and its characteristics. To this end, this paper comprehensively comprehends the existing studies based on the three dimensions of agricultural carbon emissions, agricultural carbon sinks，and driving factors of agricultural low-carbon development. Specifically, firstly, the basic concepts of agricultural carbon emissions are clarified and common measurement methods are introduced, and reviews the current research status based on the perspectives of temporal evolution, spatial distribution, efficiency characteristics, and emission reduction pathways. Secondly, the basic concepts of agricultural carbon sinks are defined, and then the forest carbon sinks, soil carbon sinks and ocean carbon sinks are derived and their respective measurement methods are introduced, and then it focuses on the net agricultural carbon sinks and the marketization of carbon sinks. Finally, the main factors affecting the development of low-carbon agriculture are discussed from the macro and micro levels, with the former focusing on policy, economic and social aspects, and the latter focusing on the internal factors of the head of the household and the external environment faced by the farmers. With regard to the direction of future research on agricultural carbon issues，this paper believes that it can focus on the following four aspects, namely, the scientific prediction of agricultural carbon peaks and the design of differentiated emission reduction paths，the scientific assessment of the potential for agricultural carbon reduction and carbon sequestration and the discussion of paths to achieve them，the construction of an agricultural carbon market and the exploration of the idea of realizing the value of carbon sinks, as well as the exploration of the matching of the supply and demand of low-carbon production techniques by farmers and the optimization of their systems.

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