Recent Adopted

Design and Experiment of an Adaptive Header Height Control System for a Ratooning Rice Combine Harvester

He Lihong , Yang Hao , Zheng Rui , Long Yu , Xu Hongmei

Adopted date: January 08,2026

[Abstract](1) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)

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In the first season of ratoon rice harvesting, it was necessary to maintain appropriate stubble height according to varietal characteristics to ensure successful regeneration in the second season. When harvesting ratoon rice with existing grain combine harvesters in China, frequent adjustment of the header height was often required due to uneven field terrain. Currently, this operation is primarily performed manually by the operator, which not only increased labor intensity but also constrained harvesting efficiency. To address this issue, this study designed an adaptive header height control system for a ratoon rice combine harvester. First, a structural model of the header copying wheel for height control was established. Second, the hydraulic system of a 4LZ-1.6Z grain combine harvester was modified and optimized, and a control system simulation model was developed using Simulink to compare and analyze the performance of classical PID and fuzzy PID control strategies. Then, performance verification was carried out using response accuracy and response speed as test indicators. The results showed that the mean absolute error for classical PID control was 17.3 mm, while that for fuzzy PID control was 10.5 mm. In terms of response speed, the average values for classical PID control during header lifting and lowering were 0.185 m/s and 0.213 m/s, respectively, whereas those for fuzzy PID control were 0.202 m/s and 0.219 m/s. Finally, a field test on uneven terrain was conducted based on the fuzzy PID control algorithm, demonstrating that the header height remained stable at approximately 500 mm, with a mean deviation of 6.81 mm and a stability coefficient of variation of 1.62%, indicating that the proposed control strategy exhibited good stability and tracking performance. This study provided an effective technical solution for header height control in the mechanical harvesting of ratoon rice, offering practical value for improving harvesting quality and operational efficiency.

The supportive influence of park green spaces in urban built environments on avian diversity

panyanbin

Adopted date: January 06,2026

[Abstract](5) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)

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Eight large urban parks in the built-up area of Wuhan were selected, and observational data from the public science platform for the three years of 2022 to 2024 were obtained. Analysis and comparison were conducted on the habitat types, bird species count, resident types, faunal composition, and endangered and rare species of birds, in order to assess the bird diversity status in Wuhan"s urban park green spaces. It was concluded that Wuhan"s urban parks play a significant role in bird diversity conservation, and the bird diversity status is positively correlated with the area of park green spaces, vegetation coverage, community structure, and the degree of naturalization around the parks. Meanwhile, a comparison was made with the bird diversity status in representative park green spaces in Beijing and Shanghai to analyze the deficiencies in the construction of bird diversity in Wuhan"s park green spaces. Based on this, measures were proposed to improve the connectivity of urban green spaces, construct large-scale woodlands in large green spaces, optimize plant configuration patterns using native species, and moderately rewild urban green spaces to further enhance the bird diversity in urban green spaces.

Molecular characterization and expression analysis of five interleukin-17 receptor genes in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) in response to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge

Wei Kai-Jian , Tang Zi-Rui , Zhou Xu , Jiang Xin-Xin , Li Zhang-Ping , Zhang Gui-Rong , Ma Xu-Fa , Ji Wei

Adopted date: January 05,2026

[Abstract](5) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)

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In mammals, the interleukin-17 receptor (IL-17R) family regulates inflammatory responses by mediating the signaling of the IL-17 cytokine family. Although IL-17 family genes have been identified in various fish species, there are limited studies on IL-17R genes. In this study, partial cDNA sequences of five Pf_IL-17R genes (Pf_IL-17RA to Pf_IL-17RE) were cloned from yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), and sequence molecular characterization of the genes, tissue expression profiles, and changes in gene expression after stimulation with catfish Edwardsiella ictaluri and immunostimulants were investigated. The results showed that the open reading frames of the five Pf_IL-17R genes were 2430 bp (Pf_IL-17RA), 1590 bp (Pf_IL-17RB), 2106 bp (Pf_IL-17RC), 2235 bp (Pf_IL-17RD) and 2307 bp (Pf_IL-17RE) in order, encoding 809, 529, 701, 744 and 768 amino acids, respectively. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the five Pf_IL-17R genes of yellow catfish had relatively high sequence similarity to the homologs of other teleosts, respectively, with the highest sequence similarity to the homologs of channel catfish. Quantitative real-time PCR results indicated that the five Pf_IL-17R genes exhibited different mRNA expression patterns in healthy yellow catfish, and the high mRNA expressions of the five genes were mostly detected in the blood, gonad and gill. After challenge with Edwardsiella ictaluri, the mRNA expression levels of the five Pf_IL-17R genes were significantly up-regulated in the gill, skin and head kidney, whereas the expression levels of Pf_IL-17RB, Pf_IL-17RC, Pf_IL-17RD and Pf_IL-17RE mRNAs were notably down-regulated in the spleen. Moreover, the mRNA expressions of four Pf_IL-17R genes (with the exception of Pf_IL-17RC) were induced in isolated peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) of yellow catfish after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C). The results of this study indicate that the five Pf_IL-17R genes may play vital roles in the immune responses to pathogenic infection in yellow catfish.

The Influence of Blue-Green Space Landscape Patterns on the Cooling Effect under Different Environmental Matrices in Wuhan

Xie Qijiao , Xiao Shengyong

Adopted date: January 05,2026

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To enhance the thermal regulation efficiency of blue-green infrastructure, this study investigated the influence of blue-green landscape structure on land surface temperature (LST) across three spatial contexts: the main urban area, the urban development area, and the entire municipality. Remote sensing images acquired on September 18 and 19, 2022 were used to derive LST values and classify land cover categories. The correlation between LST values and all commonly used landscape metrics were statistically quantified. Principal component regression analysis was employed to identify the dominant factors influencing LST under different spatial contexts and to reveal the underlying mechanisms. The results showed thatSboth water bodies and green spaces exhibited significant “cooling island effect”, with the cooling intensity of water bodies (8.96°C–9.34°C) being significantly stronger than that of green spaces (4.44°C–5.47°C).S Overall, the independent explanatory ability of the landscape metrics for LST variation followed the pattern: water bodies > green spaces, landscape composition > spatial configuration, patch-level > landscape-level > class-level, and the main urban area > the urban development area > the entire municipality. The dominant factors influencing LST varied across spatialScontexts. In the main urban area, the key factors were: the percentage of water body area (PLAND_W), water body patch density (PD_W), effective mesh size of green spaces (MESH_G), and edge density of green spaces (ED_G). Together, these four metrics explained 82.4% of the LST variation. In the metropolitan development area, the dominant factors were: contrast-weighted edge density of water bodies (CWED_W), percentage of water body area (PLAND_W), mean proximity index of green spaces (SIMI_MN_G), and percentage of green space area (PLAND_G), collectively explaining 59.2% of the LST variation. In the entire municipality, the five dominant landscape metrics related to blue-green spaces only explained 35% of the LST variation. When the combined effects of other landscape elements were considered, the cooling effect of green spaces was remarkably weakened or suppressed. Water bodies and construction land jointly played a dominant role in impacting thermal environment. The findings indicate that the blue-green spaces exhibit a "cold island effect", and the regulation function of blue-green infrastructure in the thermal environment shows a distinct context effect. Targeted spatial allocation and structural optimization of blue-green landscapes based on specific matrix conditions can enhance the cooling efficiency of blue-green infrastructure.

Effects of aquaculture pharmaceuticals on skin microbiota and immune responses in zebrafish (danio rerio)

liushuang , xujuchen , lÜyabing , fanyihui , houjie , hexugang

Adopted date: December 31,2025

[Abstract](12) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)

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To investigate the effects of antibiotics and disinfectants—commonly used aquaculture agents—on fish skin immune responses and mucosal microbiota, zebrafish were exposed to 25 μg/mL rifampicin (RIF), 10 μg/mL oxytetracycline (OTC), 2 mg/L potassium permanganate (KMnO4), and 0.1 mg/L chlorine dioxide (ClO2) for 12 hours. Skin immune responses and microbial community dynamics were analyzed via quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Results demonstrated that exposure to antibiotics and disinfectants significantly upregulated the expression of inflammation-related genes in zebrafish skin, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), compared to the control group (P<0.05). Immunoglobulin IgM, complement component C3, and mucin Muc2 were also markedly elevated post-exposure (P<0.05). Furthermore, antibiotic and disinfectant treatments significantly reduced skin microbiota diversity and richness, accompanied by structural shifts in microbial communities. Alpha-diversity indices (Chao1, Shannon, Ace, and Sobs) all showed significant decreases (P<0.05). Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of microbial profiles across five groups revealed clear separation between control and treatment clusters. Taxonomic analysis indicated that at the phylum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased significantly, whereas Bacteroidota and Firmicutes declined. At the genus level, Acinetobacter exhibited substantial enrichment in all treatment groups, particularly reaching 65.36% in the KMnO4-treated group. These findings suggest that antibiotics and disinfectants disrupt skin microecological balance through dual mechanisms: (1) excessive activation of inflammatory pathways, leading to immune homeostasis imbalance; and (2) proliferation of opportunistic pathogens, resulting in microbiota dysbiosis and compromised microbial barrier function.

Research Progress on resource utilization technology and environmental assessment of livestock and poultry waste

Zhao Tingman , Yu Feiyan , Wei Jiangcheng , Yi Baojun , Huang Zhaojie , Yao Dingding

Adopted date: December 30,2025

[Abstract](9) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)

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A substantial of livestock waste has become a major contributor to agricultural non-point source pollution in China due to the rapid and constant development of livestock industry. Proper treatment and efficient resource utilization of livestock manure are critical to supporting sustainable agricultural development. There has been some progress in disposal of livestock manure both domestically and internationally. However, there are still certain challenges, including poor resource collection and utilization, inadequate pollution control, limited technology and facilities, high treatment cost with low returns, and unclear environmental effect assessment. To address these issues, this paper firstly examined the environmental impacts and pollution caused by livestock manure. It then evaluated three key resource utilization technologies of recycling livestock manure for feed, fertilizer and energy. In addition, the life cycle assessment (LCA) which could evaluate the economics and environmental suitability of related technologies was performed. This review will offer directions for future large-scale animal manure resource utilization and disposal in farms.

Assessment of Synergistic Potential between Restoration and Recreational Utilization of Degraded Ecological Spaces in Metropolitan Areas Based on Dominant Functions and Regulatory Constraints

CHEN Shi , CHEN Shuaipeng , ZHANG Mengyuan , LIU Wenping

Adopted date: December 25,2025

[Abstract](15) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)

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How to effectively activate the diverse values of degraded ecological spaces while strictly abiding by the red line of ecological protection remains a key challenge for current regional sustainable development. Taking the Wuhan Metropolitan Area as the study area, this research constructed an evaluation framework for the coordinated potential of ecological restoration and recreational utilization, which integrates dominant ecological functions and spatial management constraints, and systematically assessed the coordinated potential, types, and spatial distribution of the two.The results show that from 2000 to 2022, the moderately and severely degraded ecological spaces in the Wuhan Metropolitan Area covered 3,614.70 km2. Among these areas, 98.02% are outside the restricted utilization zones of the ecological protection red line, and 74.46% have medium to high potential for recreational utilization.Based on this, four coordinated restoration and utilization orientations were further identified, namely "priority restoration - full utilization", "general restoration - full utilization", "priority restoration - moderate utilization", and "general restoration - moderate utilization". Additionally, eight differentiated types of coordinated restoration and utilization (such as "mountain and forest recreational experience type") were proposed, providing classified guidance for the refined governance of territorial space and the realization of ecological product values in the metropolitan area.

Construction and Optimization of Rainfall-Flood Safety Pattern from the Perspective of "Supply-Flow-Demand" : A Case Study of Tongcheng County, Hubei Province

Li Jin , Liao Wenxiu , Zhou Yan , Qi Mengyuan

Adopted date: December 23,2025

[Abstract](13) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)

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In recent years, the frequent occurrence of flood disasters has highlighted the contradiction between urban construction and the rainfall and flood safety system. To alleviate urban rainfall and flood disasters, promote the matching of supply and demand for rainfall and flood regulation services, and advance the high-quality development of urban and rural ecological spaces, a method for constructing a rainfall and flood safety pattern coupled with the theory of ecosystem service flows was proposed from the perspective of regulating service supply and demand.?Taking Tongcheng County, Hubei Province as a case study,the SCS-CN model and flood risk index were used to quantify the supply and demand of rainfall and flood regulation services, respectively. Hotspot and coldspot analyses were employed to identify ecological supply and demand source areas. Based on hydrological analysis and circuit theory, the flow paths of rainfall and flood regulation services were constructed, delineating blue-line corridors, green-line corridors, and supply-demand corridors, while key nodes in the network were identified.?The results show a significant spatial mismatch between the supply and demand of rainfall and flood regulation services in Tongcheng County, with a higher degree of imbalance in the central urban area. A total of 276.15km2 of supply source areas, 189.87km2 of demand source areas, 332.51km of blue-line corridors, 25.18km of green-line corridors, 34.02km of supply-demand corridors, and 100 key ecological nodes were identified. Accordingly, an optimization plan for the "Three Zones and Three Belts" rainfall and flood safety pattern was proposed, along with systematic regulatory strategies from three dimensions: supply space, demand space, and service flow space.

YOLOv8n-DSSW: An Enhanced Lightweight Model for Corn Seedling and Weed Recognition

Lujingao , Guwenhui , Zhengjiye , Weiguojian , Shisong , Zhengshiling , Zhangxiaoyan

Adopted date: December 23,2025

[Abstract](10) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)

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Abstract To effectively mitigate weed threats to corn seedlings, improve recognition accuracy, and meet the requirements for mobile deployment, this study proposed a lightweight model named YOLOv8n-DSSW, which was developed based on YOLOv8n. Several key improvements were introduced: the C2f_Dual module was integrated to achieve initial lightweighting; the SPDConv module was employed to enhance the detection capability for small targets and low-resolution images while further reducing model comp

Interpretation of the "Borrowed Scenery" Principle and Its Application in Rural Landscape Creation in Water Network Regions

DING Kai

Adopted date: December 22,2025

[Abstract](13) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)

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This article briefly expounds the development history of the borrowing of scenery technique in traditional Chinese gardens within the Eastern garden-making system, and analyzes the classic cases of its expression techniques. Thus, it makes a comparison and summary of the differences in the borrowing of scenery techniques in garden-making in different periods of Chinese history. Based on this, the author, in combination with the spatial transformation practice in water network villages in recent years, takes the rural landscape transformation projects of Tujianao town in Ezhou and Dawang town in Yangxin as examples, and discusses the methods and approaches of how to make full use of the scenic resource advantages of water network villages and integrate and utilize the natural landscape resources around the villages.

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