Abstract:A knowledge graph analysis was conducted on 4 160 journal articles retrieved under the topic of high-quality development of urban-rural greening guided by the transformation of ecological function from 2005 to 2025 to elucidate the high-quality development of urban-rural greening and the implementation path within the context of Ecological Civilization Initiative in China. The connection and integration relationship between the functional mechanisms-transmission pathways-welfare benefits during the high-quality development of urban-rural greening was systematically combed. The results showed that the essence of high-quality development path of urban-rural greening under the guidance of the transformation of ecological function is a process of the complete transformation of multi-level human welfare covering the individual health，community vitality，and sustainable development of urban through a series of complex biophysical processes mediated by specific effects of environment. A multi-functional synergy model for the high-quality development of urban-rural greening was proposed based on the externalization and transformation of ecological function to focus on deepening the mechanism for transforming welfare benefits，promoting the deep realization of human welfare from basic guarantees to perceptual gains. A multi-dimensional implementation path of “planning guidance-process monitoring-systematic evaluation-dynamic management” was established to strengthen the resilience of ecosystem services in urban-rural greening. The transformation of urban- rural greening from green quantity to green quality，integrated green，and people-oriented will be promoted on the basis of the synergistic enhancement and dynamic feedback of ecological functions to continuously advance the implementation of the major strategies of constructing ecological civilization and developing with high-quality.

Abstract:Shanghai was used to systematically evaluate the cooling effectiveness of urban parks from the perspective of thermal comfort to address the limitation of existing studies that rely heavily on the land surface temperature （LST） and neglect the thermal comfort in environment.The modified temperature-humidity index （MTHI） was introduced to characterize the thermal comfort.The vector data of parks were integrated with mobile signaling data to evaluate the cooling capacity in parks from the perspective of thermal comfort.The cooling benefits of parks and urban-rural disparities based on MTHI and LST were compared.The results showed that the cooling range of parks increased from the core urban area to the outskirts， but the benefits evaluated with MTHI was overall lower than those with LST.The size of park， vegetation coverage， and water-body proportion was positively correlated with the intensity of cooling.The vegetation coverage was positively correlated with LST-based cooling distance， but negatively correlated with MTHI-based cooling distance.The equivalent cooling service for population in the core urban area far exceeded that in the suburbs due to its high density of population.However， the served population estimated with MTHI was 54.5% lower than that with LST， indicating that traditional LST-based evaluation may significantly over-estimate the benefits of parks.It is indicated that the thermal-comfort indexes should be introduced to comprehensively evaluate the cooling benefits of parks and adopt differentiated strategies including increasing the supply of small parks in high-density urban areas and optimizing the design of parks in suburban areas to accurately improve the thermal comfort of the living environment.

Abstract:The quantitative relationship between all commonly used landscape metrics and land surface temperature （LST） across three spatial contexts including the main urban area， the urban development area， and the entire municipality of Wuhan City was analyzed by deriving the LST values and classifying land cover categories of Wuhan city based on Landsat 8-9 remote sensing data acquired on September 18 and 19， 2022 to study the effects of the patterns of blue-green spatial landscape on the LST to better utilize the thermal environment regulation function of blue-green infrastructure. The principal component regression analysis was used to identify the dominant factors affecting LST under different spatial contexts and reveal their underlying mechanisms. The results showed that water bodies and green spaces had a significant “cooling island effect”， with the cooling intensity of water bodies （8.96-9.34 ℃） significantly greater than that of green spaces （4.44-5.47 ℃）. Overall， the independent explanatory power of the landscape metrics for LST changes followed in the order of water bodies > green spaces， landscape composition > spatial configuration， patch-level > landscape-level > class-level， and the main urban area > the urban development area > the administrative area. The dominant factors affecting LST varied across spatial contexts. The four key factors in the main urban area were the percentage of water body area （PLAND_W）， water body patch density （PD_W）， effective mesh size of green spaces （MESH_G）， and edge density of green spaces （ED_G）， collectively explaining 82.4% of the LST variation. The dominant factors in the metropolitan development area were contrast-weighted edge density of water bodies （CWED_W）， percentage of water body area （PLAND_W）， mean proximity index of green spaces （SIMI_MN_G）， and percentage of green space area （PLAND_G）， collectively explaining 59.2% of the LST variation. The five dominant landscape metrics related to blue-green spaces in the entire municipality， only explained 35% of the LST variation. Water bodies and construction land had a strong explanatory power for changes in the thermal environment， and the cooling effect of green spaces was significantly weakened or suppressed when considering the combined effects of other landscape elements outside of blue-green spaces. It is indicated that the regulation function of blue-green infrastructure in the thermal environment has a distinct context effect. Measures for optimizing the spatial allocation and structural configuration of blue-green landscapes according to different environmental matrices including preserving large water bodies in central urban areas， ensuring adequate water surface coverage， enhancing connectivity between smaller water bodies， enriching the morphological complexity of blue-green spaces in urban development zones and metropolitan regions， and strengthening their interactive frequency with surrounding environments can effectively enhance the cooling performance of blue-green infrastructure.

Abstract:A near-surface high-density sensor network with 146 sites in the central urban area of Xiangyang City，Hubei Province，China，was established to collect high-resolution data on PM_2.5，PM₁₀，wind speed，and wind direction to solve the problem of difficulty in identifying the dispersion patterns of urban-scale particulate-matter （PM） and the lack of planning feasibility. On this basis，a method of identifying pollution that balances the interpretability of mechanism and the efficiency of computation was proposed.Multi-scale continuous characterization of affecting factors including industrial emissions，fugitive dust，and blue-green spaces was conducted under the constraints of Gaussian diffusion mechanism.A dual-precision nested strategy was proposed to screen key factors.The geographically weighted regression （GWR） was used to analyze the spatial heterogeneity effects of various factors on particulate matter.The results showed that industrial sources clustered in a 1.2-4 km area around thermal power plants and industrial parks，and intensified along the “park-logistics corridor” pathways.The construction sites and freight logistics formed banded high-impact zones along the major transportation axes，and the effect of logistics activities on PM₁₀ was significantly higher than that on PM_2.5.The blue spaces formed about 2-kilometer-wide mitigation belts at the coupling point between the area with low-intensity of development and the main ventilation corridors，while the high-intensity of development weakened its effect.The green spaces generally reduced PM，especially PM₁₀，but short-term benefits was offset by construction disturbances.Based on this，a translation path with a “zone-corridor-node” priority scheme，targeted greening configurations along logistics corridors and park edges，pocket-scale multilayer planting at key nodes，and continuity of low-density layouts and ventilation corridors for planning practice was proposed.It is indicated that the established method achieves a better balance between the interpretability，accuracy，and the computational power compared to the traditional methods of spatial statistics，and can identify key segments of homologous heterogeneity and exogenous overlap.

Abstract:The identification and construction of ecological corridors for birds are important means to maintain the integrity of ecosystem and promote the migration of species.A scientific and feasible framework for identifying and optimizing ecological corridors for birds was constructed in Fengxian New City， a rapidly urbanizing area in Shanghai.4 common bird species including eurasian tree sparrow （Passer montanus）， common blackbird （Turdus merula）， common moorhen （Gallinula chloropus）， and eastern cattle egret （Bubulcus coromandus） were selected as focal species to simulate the pattern of regional ecological corridors with InVEST model and MCR model and establish an evaluation index system based on the data of field survey for verification.The results showed that the total area of patches （i.e.the area of ecological source） meeting the standards of high-quality habitat for the 4 bird species was 18.2 km2， 19.3 km2， 10.4 km2， and 13.5 km2， respectively， mainly distributed in woodlands， shrub grasslands， farmlands， and ponds.66 ecological corridors were identified， with fewer corridors in the core area of Fengxian New City， with a high risk of fragmentation and weak connectivity， while a relatively complete network of corridor was formed in the peripheral water bodies， farmlands， and densely forested areas.The deviation of control-points after optimization for the 4 bird species decreased by 0.25， 0.15， 0.16， and 0.27， respectively， and the ecological connectivity was significantly improved.It will provide a scientific basis for the construction and ecological restoration of corridors for birds in Fengxian New City， and offer a technical reference for the planning of the ecological corridors in similar rapidly urbanizing regions， which helps to promote the integration of urban–rural green and high-quality development of ecological spaces in cities.

Abstract:8 typical green spaces in parks in the main urban area of Wuhan City were used to study the relationship between the characteristics of parks in urban and the diversity of birds.Records of observing birds from 2022 to 2024 were obtained by combining the data from the China Bird Watching Record Center with field surveys including direct on-site counting and song surveys.The data on the types of bird habitat， ecological groups， type of resident， and endangered and rare species in the green spaces in parks in the urban built environment were analyzed.The results showed that 251 species of birds belonging to 58 families and 18 orders were recorded.The composition of species was dominated by Passeriformes， with resident birds and winter migratory birds as the main type of resident， and songbirds as the main ecological group in each park.Rare and very rare species were mostly distributed in large areas of forests and wetlands in parks with less interference from human.There were more species of birds distributed in parks with natural vegetation.The richer the types of habitats and the more complex the structure of vegetation， the greater the effect on the diversity of birds.The unique type of habitat in the Hankou Riverside Park and Wuhan Botanical Garden significantly promoted the diversity of birds and had strong appeal to rare species of birds.The diversity of birds was positively correlated with the area of green space in parks， the coverage of vegetation， the structure of community， and the degree of naturalization in the surrounding areas.Among these factors， the structure of community had the most significant effect on the diversity of birds.It is indicated that improving the diversity of habitats， increasing the use of indigenous plants， and enriching the structure of plant community in urban green spaces are of great positive significance for increasing the diversity of birds.

Abstract:14 urban parks belonging to four periods including before 1995 （periodⅠ）， 1995-2004 （periodⅡ）， 2005-2017 （periodⅢ）， and after 2018 （periodⅣ） were used to study the changing characteristics of interspecific relationships of woody plants in urban parks in Shanghai City during different periods of construction. 1 434 plant community plots of 10 m×10 m were investigated. The variance ratio method （R_V）， chi-square （χ2） test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient test were used to analyze interspecific associations for 29 arbor species and 27 shrub species with an important value （IV）≥ 5. The results showed that the overall associations between arbors and shrubs in each period had a significantly positive correlation （R_V>1，P<0.05）， and gradually increased with the extension of construction time， with the R_V increasing from 1.43 in periodⅠto 1.98 in periodⅣ. The interspecific relationships in the layer of arbors had significant differences， with insignificant negative associations being the main feature in the early period （periodⅠ），manifested as differences in habits of species. A significant positive correlation was formed in the later period （periodⅣ）， manifested by similar demands of ecological niche. The layer of shrubs maintained strong positive association throughout all periods， with the R_V reaching 1.98 in periodⅣ and the proportion of positively correlated pairs of species in the Spearman’s rank test accounting for 23.81%. The proportion of positively correlated pairs of species between the arbor and shrub layers increased from 5.06% in periodⅠto 5.98% in periodⅣ， while the proportion of negatively correlated pairs decreased， with a continuous enhancement of overall interspecific association. Thus， it is recommended that priority should be given to replacing arbor species with negative associations for renovation of parks in the early period. Newly constructed parks should be equipped with positive correlation combinations in the layer of arbor and the layer of shrub should be strengthened with clustered configuration of suitable native species to improve the stability of plant communities.

Abstract:The isolated-planted trees and colonial-planted trees within the campus green spaces of Huazhong Agricultural University were used to study the spatial heterogeneity of light intensity distribution under trees with different planting dispositions to guide the rational utilization of space under trees in urban city.Gradient measurements of light intensity under trees were conducted in the summer of 2023.The differences in light intensity across different spatial gradients under the two planting dispositions were tested.A non-linear regression equation between light intensity and distance was established to analyze the variation and trend of light intensity with distance under different tree species.The results showed that the light intensity under Osmanthus fragrans was consistently the lowest， while that under the trees including Koelreuteria bipinnata remained at a relatively high level regardless of the isolated-planted trees and colonial-planted trees.The average light intensity under isolated-planted trees was 8 885.36 lx， approximately 1.7 times higher than that under colonial-planted trees.The light intensity under deciduous trees of both planting dispositions was about 1.7 times higher than that of evergreen trees， making it a typical habitat of shade.The ratio of light intensity between the canopy center， canopy edge， and the open （control） point of isolated-planted trees was 1∶1.9∶18.5.In contrast， the ratio for colonial-planted trees among the canopy center， mid-canopy， edge and the control point was 1∶2.07∶5.46∶38.35.The light intensity at the center of the tree crowns can still meet the survival requirements of many shade-tolerant plants.The results of non-linear regression equation between light intensity and distance showed that the decrease in light intensity from the mid-canopy to the center of the cluster was relatively gradual， whereas a sharp decline occurred from the forest edge to the mid-canopy area.It is indicated that the canopy of trees has significant effect of shading on light intensity， and there is a significant gradient difference in light intensity under both isolated-planted trees and colonial-planted trees.

Abstract:1 000 wild plants common in Hubei Province were used as a candidate pool to establish a model of evaluating the potential of utilizing garden plants by setting up 21 indexes of evaluation and developing rules for classifying the potential of utilization to promote the development and utilization of wild plants in Hubei Province，and solve the problem of insufficient utilization of indigenous plants in urban gardens. The results showed that 172 species of plants were classified as gradeⅠ，which can be directly utilized and serve as the preferred choice for enriching the utilization of indigenous plants in gardens and green spaces in Wuhan City based on comprehensively evaluating the target layer of the potential of utilizing garden plants. 331 species of plants were classified as gradeⅡ，can be recommended for use in various scenarios and is a good resource for effectively expanding the scope of utilizing wild plants in Wuhan City. 291 species of plants were classified as gradeⅢ，with multiple constraints for the direct utilization and should be used cautiously under specific conditions. 206 species of plants were classified as gradeⅣ，difficult to meet the requirements of utilization in gardens and not recommended for the direct use in gardens. According to the special evaluation of the principal layer under the target layer，plants with strong adaptability to environment include Farfugium japonicum and Lespedeza thunbergii subsp. formosa. Plants with high capacity of ecological service include Fraxinus insularis and Pistacia chinensis. Plants with high ornamental value of landscape include Cornus controversa and Rosa omeiensis. Plants with high potential of environment-friendly include Cornus officinalis and Rubus hirsutus. Plants with high potential of utilization and extension include Macleaya cordata and Rehmannia piasezkii. It is indicated that wild plants in Hubei Province have high potential of development and can be introduced and utilized based on the results of evaluation. It will provide a quantitative method and basic data for the utilization of wild plants in gardens in Wuhan City.

Abstract:Studying the spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation carbon-water use efficiency and their responses to climatic factors in the context of the “dual-carbon” strategy is essential to enhance the sequestration capacity of carbon in ecosystem. The Google Earth Engine（GEE） platform was used in combination with trend analysis， coefficient of variation， rescaled range（R/S） analysis， and partial correlation methods to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of vegetation carbon use efficiency（CUE） and water use efficiency（WUE） in the Huaihe River Ecological Economic Belt and the mechanisms of their responses to climate based on MODIS remote-sensing data from 2000 to 2020. The results showed that the multi-year mean value of CUE and WUE in the areas studied was 0.51 and 0.75 g/（m2·mm）. CUE exhibited a fluctuating downward trend， whereas WUE showed a fluctuating upward trend. Spatially， CUE displayed a pattern of higher value in the east and lower value in the west， while the high-value areas of WUE largely coincided with those of CUE， and low-value areas were mainly distributed in the central-northern and central-southern regions. The proportion of areas improved by WUE （32.91%） was significantly higher than that of CUE （13.87%）. R/S analysis predicts that 63.41% of regional CUE will show a positive trend of development in the future， while the proportion of areas with favorable development of WUE will be 36.43%. The CUE was negatively correlated with the air temperature and sunshine duration but positively correlated with the precipitation and moisture in soil， whereas the WUE was positively correlated with the air temperature and negatively correlated with the precipitation， sunshine duration， and moisture in soil. It is indicated that there is significant spatial heterogeneity in the effects of precipitation and temperature.

Abstract:To alleviate urban rainfall and flood disasters， promote the matching of supply and demand for rainfall and flood regulation services， and advance the high-quality development of urban and rural ecological spaces， the ecosystem service flow theory is introduced to construct a rainfall and flood safety pattern that couples the supply-demand interaction of rainfall and flood regulation services with the service flow mechanism. Taking Tongcheng County， Hubei Province as a case study， the SCS-CN model and flood risk index were used to quantify the supply and demand of rainfall and flood regulation services， respectively. Hotspot and cold-spot analyses were employed to identify ecological supply and demand source areas. Based on hydrological analysis and circuit theory， the flow paths of rainfall and flood regulation services were constructed， delineating blue-line corridors， green-line corridors， and supply-demand corridors， while key nodes were identified. The results show that the supply and demand of rainfall and flood regulation services in Tongcheng County present a significant mismatch pattern of “surplus in the southwest and northeast， deficit in the center”， with particularly prominent imbalance in the central urban area. A total of 276.15 km2 of supply source areas， 189.87 km2 of demand source areas， 391.71 km of various corridors， and 100 key ecological nodes were identified. Accordingly， an optimization plan of “Three Zones and Three Belts” was proposed to optimize the pattern by strengthening the connectivity of service flow paths and protecting key nodes； and systematic regulatory strategies were put forward from three dimensions： supply space， demand space， and service flow space. This study provides a reference for alleviating rainfall and flood disasters from the perspective of ecological space supply-demand matching. Future research can be further deepened by integrating long-term series data and multi-scenario simulations of heavy rains.

Abstract:Traditional grey infrastructure has shown significant limitations in responding to complex disaster chains due to neglecting the synergistic effects of natural hydrological processes and ecosystem services.Green infrastructure （GI），by leveraging natural processes for regulation and achieving multi-functional synergy，was regarded as an effective way to overcome these limitations.This article took Zhengzhou City as an empirical case to develop a framework for the optimization of planning GI for flood-resilience that integrates multi-criteria decision-making and evaluation with genetic algorithm.An indexes system was constructed from four dimensions including the natural geography and climatic baseline，infrastructure sensitivity，natural environmental response，and the socio-economic impacts.A spatial deployment priority model of GI was built on a GIS platform.On this basis，a genetic algorithm was introduced to perform quantitative optimization of the types and scales of GI for flood-resilience within each priority zone under multiple objectives and constraints to obtain near-optimal GI layout schemes for different regions.The results showed that the proposed framework can effectively identify the high-priority deployment areas and key control zones of GI for flood-resilience in Zhengzhou City while simultaneously considering the safety of flood-resilience and construction constraints，optimize the portfolio configuration of different types of GI，and achieve a closed-loop planning process from spatial priority identification to type allocation optimization.It is confirmed that coupling multi-criteria spatial evaluation with a multi-objective genetic algorithm can provide quantifiable basis for planning and decision-making，and replicable computational framework for improving flood-resilience in high-density megacities.It will provide a transferable technical reference for constructing the layout of flood-resilience-oriented GI in other rapidly urbanizing areas of the same type.

Abstract:A hypothesis about the configuration of greenway network with “lake-based core and forested clusters” was proposed from the perspective of daily life theory to solve the common problems of the disconnection from daily lives of residents， single form of space， and insufficient complexity of function in current lakeside greenways.The lakeside area of Shahu in Wuhan City was used to construct a “point-line-weight” configuration framework of greenway network.Urban Network Analysis （UNA） tools were used to simulate multi-scenario travel routes， and qualify the usage frequency and accessibility of path by using daily scenario POIs including transportation commuting， commercial services， cultural activities， and sports and fitness as point elements， and tree lined roads that meet standards of vegetation coverage as line elements.The results showed that the greenway network in the studied area had a complex structure of “multi cluster network”， with about 51.49% of the roads not overlapping with any living scenarios， mainly distributed around the periphery of the lake area.High overlap （≥ 5 scenarios） road sections only accounted for 32.46% of the total length， indicating that high-frequency living corridors have a limited proportion and concentrated distribution in the overall greenway network， and the paths commonly used by residents in their daily lives are mainly composed of high-density and short internal roads.The current greenway in the lakeside area of Shahu has a high mismatch rate with high-frequency daily routes.The existing greenway in the lakeside area of Shahu covers about 9.3% of daily activity POIs， and the network constructed has increased the coverage to about 48.76%， significantly enhancing the coupling degree between greenways and daily travel chains of residents.

Abstract:The metropolitan areas in Wuhan city were used to study the synergistic potential of ecological restoration and recreational utilization to effectively activate the diverse values of degraded ecological spaces. A comprehensive evaluation framework integrating dominant ecosystem services and spatial governance constraints was constructed to systematically assess the magnitude， typology， and spatial patterns of such synergies.?Results showed that 5 314.53 km2 of ecological spaces in the studied areas experienced moderate to severe degradation during 2000-2022， 97.50% of this degraded area is situated outside the prohibited development zones of ecological protection redlines， with 75.69% demonstrating medium-to-high synergistic potential for recreational utilization. 4 distinct synergistic utilization directions including priority restoration-full utilization， general restoration-full utilization， priority restoration-moderate utilization， and general restoration-moderate utilization were identified based on results of current study. 5 types of differentiated utilization such as forest therapy-leisure activities were proposed to guide targeted implementation. The results indicate that the evaluation framework constructed in this study effectively assesses the synergistic potential integrating ecological restoration and recreational utilization in degraded ecological spaces. On the premise of not violating the rigid control of the ecological protection red line， the research area exhibits substantial synergistic potential integrating ecological restoration and recreational utilization.

Abstract:The Three Gorges Reservoir Area（TGRA） serves as a crucial ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and represents a typically ecology-sensitive region. Studying the dynamic characteristics of urban ecological elements in the reservoir area is of significant importance for maintaining ecological security and implementing ecological restoration in the region. The morphological spatial pattern analysis（MSPA）， circuit theory， and the InVEST model were used to identify the ecological networks and quality of habitat in Zhongxian County， Chongqing Municipality in three periods from 2000 to 2020 to protect and restore the ecological security of cities in TGRA. The characteristics of spatiotemporal evolution of ecological elements in the reservoir area were studied and strategies for the targeted optimization of ecological protection redline（EPR） were proposed. The results showed that the overall ecological environment in Zhongxian County had a positive trend over time， with the number of ecological sources increasing from 12 to 48， the area growing from 131.13 km 2 to 351.03 km 2， and the source area was densely distributed in the central region. The number of ecological corridors increased from 23 to 112， with the length of corridor increasing from 191.55 km to 314.94 km before fluctuating to 292.99 km， with a spatial distribution pattern of dense in the north and sparse in the south， and dense in the east and sparse in west. The index for the quality of habitat in the three periods was 0.331 1， 0.384 1， and 0.381 6， with an initial increase followed by a slight decrease， indicating an overall improvement in the quality of habitat. The quality of habitat in the central regions rich in forest resources was relatively high， while that on along both banks of the Yangtze River and in the central urban area was poorer. There was a synergistic coupling relationship between the spatial distribution and changes of elements in ecological networks and the quality of habitat， most significantly affected by changes in the structure of land use. A strategy for zoned management of ecological sources was implemented， alongside the optimization of EPR boundaries. After adjustment， the designated EPR area covers 124.72 km2， with a compensation zone of 125.57 km2 and a reserve zone of 189.81 km2. It will provide a scientific reference for promoting the green development with high-quality in integrated urban-rural zones within the TGRA under the Yangtze River Conservation Initiative.

Abstract:A multifunctional collaborative framework for designing the resilience of lakes and wetlands was proposed based on the theory of system resilience to address the common issues of functional conflicts and ecological degradation in lakes and wetlands in suburban under the background of urban expansion.The Wetland Park of Future Bay in Wuhan City was used to systematically diagnose the current problems related to the site ecology， water environment， landscape， and biodiversity.The main conflicts between the regulation of water security， habitat protection， the control of water quality， and public recreation were identified.A four-dimensional collaborative system of design strategy including the resilience strategy of water safety with watershed coordination and graded projects of storage to balance rainwater management with shaping water landscape， the resilience strategy of biodiversity with the exclusion zones of core ecology， buffer zones of ecology， and the optimization of vegetation to create a dynamic system of habitat， the resilience strategy of water environment with the target of water quality in zones， the control of pollution load， and measures of purifying ecology to achieve a balance between the protection of water source and the demands of habitat， the resilience strategy of landscape recreation with the elastic revetments， seasonal sequences of landscape， and the multi-level system of recreation to achieve the mutualism of ecological functions and cultural experiences was established.Based on this， the resilience-oriented design of the system can effectively coordinate the multifunctional conflicts in lakes and wetlands， enhance the adaptability of ecosystem and the value of social use.It will provide theoretical and practical references for the sustainable management of lakes and wetlands in suburban and the optimization of constructing blue-green infrastructure in urban.

Abstract:The paths of implementing the construction of counties with strong agriculture were explored based on the county-level major functional zones to promote the rural revitalization comprehensively. The main battlefield for constructing a nation with strong agriculture is the construction of counties with strong agriculture with considering factors including the characteristics， differences， and development levels of regions in China. This article clarified the connotation and characteristics of counties with strong agriculture under the strategy of accelerating the construction of China as a nation with strong agriculture from the perspective of county-level major functional zones. A frame of reference for constructing counties with strong agriculture in major areas of agricultural production in China was provided through the international comparison. A reference path for constructing counties with strong agriculture in typical zones of ecological function was provided through the empirical analyses in China. A comprehensive index measurement model for the degree of achievement of counties with strong agriculture was established， which can select different core indexes based on the State designated functional zones mandates to measure the level of achievement of strong counties with strong agriculture. The key strategies and priorities for promoting the construction of a county with strong agriculture were discussed based on the analyses to provide basic support for scientifically guiding the construction of a county with strong agriculture and accelerating the realization of China as a nation with strong agriculture.

Abstract:Farmland is the foundation for ensuring national food security. Evaluating and predicting the degree of fragmentation in farmland landscapes has significant value and importance for formulating policies of protecting farmland and optimizing the spatial layout of farmland. The county-level units in Anhui Province from 2000 to 2020 were used to study the situation and evolution trends of fragmentation in farmland landscapes. The characteristics of spatiotemporal evolution， driving mechanisms， and predictions of development in the future of farmland landscapes in Anhui Province were systematically analyzed based on big multi-source data with methods including land use change analysis models， landscape pattern indices， geographic detectors， and the PLUS model. The results showed that the total area of farmland in Anhui Province has continuously decreased since 2000， mainly being transformed into construction land. The fragmentation in farmland landscapes has continuously intensified under the interaction of multiple factors， with the average comprehensive index steadily increasing， and a spatial distribution pattern of high in the north and low in the south. The results of the simulation prediction of changes in farmland in Anhui Province in 2030 showed that the degree of fragmentation in farmland landscapes will be improved only under the scenario of protection. It is indicated that Anhui Province needs to strictly implement the policy of protecting farmland in the future， achieve sustainable development of farmland resources in Anhui Province through macro-level regulation of balance between the land use and the occupation/compensation of farmland.

Abstract:The traditional Chinese garden principle of “Borrowed Scenery”（Jiejing） was transformed into a quantitative control tool for modern spatial design to address the issues of single spatial hierarchy and the dissolution of regional characteristics in current landscape construction in water-network villages.Key quantitative indexes including viewing distance （D），relative height of scenery （H），the D/H ratio， and the vertical viewing angle （α） were extracted to construct a parameterized design paradigm encompassing remote borrowing，adjacent borrowing， upward borrowing， downward borrowing， and seasonal borrowing by introducing visual perception psychology and spatial geometry theory and analyzing the traditional “Borrowing Landscape” principle based on the Yoshinobu Ashihara’s theory of external space design.The Fuzi shan Area in Yangxin County， Hubei Province， a region characterized by both hilly terrain and water networks was used as an example to conduct an empirical study.The results showed that “remote borrowing”was achieved through visual corridor control， effectively enhancing the sense of spatial depth in natural open interfaces where D/H>4.“Adjacent borrowing” strategies and controlled building setback distances were used to achieve a flexible integration of the village and the mountain for the mid-range scale where 1≤D/H≤3.“Downward borrowing” perspectives were used to expand the horizontal extensibility of the natural landscape in areas close to landscape features with significant height differences （D/ΔH<1）.It is indicated that the interpretation of the “Borrowed Scenery” principle based on spatial geometric parameters will provide a scientific and quantitative basis for constructing modern rural landscapes.

Abstract:A four-dimensional integrated value framework of ecology-culture-economy-society was constructed in Dongyuan Flower Valley in Damu Township， Xian'an District， Xianning City and a set of integrated planning and evaluation methods guided by this framework was proposed to solve the problem of value ambiguity caused by the urbanization and singularity of the evaluation system and the emphasis on construction over operation in planning rural green space， and promote its high-quality and sustainable development. 5 units of core resource and 7 units of candidate function were identified based on multi-source data. A resource-function matching matrix was established with the Delphi-AHP coupling model. The dominant functions and highly synergistic combinations of “forest health， cultural experience， and flower appreciation economy” were screened based on the results of evaluation to propose strategies for planning and divide the Dongyuan Flower Valley into 4 major functional areas. A post evaluation was conducted by constructing an AHP comprehensive benefit evaluation system closely related to the matching matrix after the implementation of the planning project. The results showed that the implementation of the planning project not only achieved the goals of ecological and cultural protection， but also realized economic benefits and social value. The planning project effectively maintained the integrity and biodiversity of the habitat of core forest， restored 145 hectares of mountains， increased forest coverage from 78% to 84%， and recorded an increase in the number of bird species from over 60 to over 70. Dongyuan Ancient Village and other historical and cultural resources have achieved authentic protection and dynamic utilization， with the annual number of visitors increasing from 32 000 to 100 000， driving an increase of over 70 million yuan in sales of homestays， farmhouses， and agricultural products. It is indicated that the constructed closed-loop methodology of “value recognition-planning generation-benefit evaluation-feedback optimization” can provide quantifiable supporting tools of decision and practical reference paths for the planning and evaluation of rural green spaces.

Abstract:The effects of application concentration of biogas fertilizer and method of combined application on the physicochemical properties of soil and the soybean yield at a depth of 0-80 cm were studied under greenhouse cultivation with biogas slurry as liquid fertilizer，biogas residue and organic fertilizer as solid fertilizer，and soybean as tested crop to address the severe challenges posed by the damage of soil structure and nutrient loss to the ecological environment and food safety，while achieving the high-value utilization of waste resources from biogas slurry. The combined application methods and concentration combinations of biogas manure included organic fertilizer alone （TK1），dry fermentation biogas slurry as basal fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer as topdressing （TK2），dry fermentation biogas slurry alone （TK3），biogas residue as basal fertilizer combined with wet fermentation biogas slurry as topdressing （TK4），biogas residue as basal fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer as topdressing （TK5） and biodigne/organic fertilizer mixed base fertilizer combined with wet fermentation biogas slurry as topdressing （TK6）. The original soil （campus green soil） was set as the blank control group （CK）. The results showed that TK6 had the highest increase in the content of alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus in the tillage layer of soil，which increased by 3.56 and 2.44 times，respectively. TK3 had the highest increase in the content of available potassium in the tillage layer of soil，with an increase of 9.37 times. The content of total nitrogen and total potassium in the dry fermentation biogas slurry were easy to migrate downward at a depth of 60-80 cm in soil，and the content of total phosphorus in the wet fermentation biogas slurry was easy to migrate downward at a depth of 80 cm in soil. The structure of soil aggregates was significantly affected by the treatment of fertilization. TK1 significantly increased the number of small soil aggregates by 25.2%. TK3 increased the number of large and medium aggregates in soil by 1.68%. Compared with other treatments，the TK1 had the highest loss of nitrogen in soil and the lowest yield of soybeans，while TK4 had the highest yield of soybeans about 4 350 kg/hm². It is indicated that the application of dry fermented biogas slurry alone significantly increases the content of nutrients in the tillage layer of soil and makes it easier for nutrients to migrate downwards. The combination of biogas residue as base fertilizer and wet fermented biogas slurry as topdressing is more conducive to improving the yield of soybeans.

Abstract:The social genetic effects-residual feed intake （SGE-RFI） value of 209 Duroc pigs was estimated to study the key metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with the SGE-RFI in Duroc pigs at the level of intestinal metabolome and provide an explanation for the SGE of pig feed reward at the level of molecule. 10 individuals with extreme value at each end were divided into a high social genetic effect group （HRS） and a low social genetic effect group （LRS）. The ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS） was used to analyze the content of metabolites from ileal and cecal in 20 Duroc pigs. The Partial least squares-discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） was used to identify significantly different metabolites in the ileum and cecum of Duroc pigs between HRS and LRS groups. The kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） enrichment analysis was performed to elucidate the major functional pathways involving these metabolites. The results showed that the 1 111 and 590 significantly different metabolites in the ileum and cecum were identified， with 13 different metabolites including GABA shared between the ileum and cecum. The different metabolites in the ileum were primarily enriched in 26 pathways including alanine， aspartate， and glutamate metabolism， ABC transporters， and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. The different metabolites in the cecum were mainly associated with 8 pathways including tryptophan metabolism， biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids， and purine metabolism. It is indicated that social genetic effects-residual feed intake （SGE-RFI） in Duroc pigs are significantly correlated with different metabolites including GABA in the ileum and cecum and key metabolic pathways including the metabolism of amino acid and tryptophan. It will provide insights into the metabolic mechanisms underlying the social genetic effects of feed efficiency in farming pig.

Abstract:To analyze the mechanism of DNA methylation in regulating gene expression in teleost such as the loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus， the promoter sequences of DNA methyltransferase gene family （dnmts） of M. anguillicaudatus were cloned using the hiTAIL-PCR method based on transcriptome sequencing data， and the spatiotemporal expression patterns of dnmts were then analyzed using qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization techniques. The results showed significant differences in the subcellular localization and the N-terminal regulatory domain. The regulatory domain of dnmt1 includes the conserved domains DMAP， PBD， CXXC， and BAH， while dnmt3s contain the domains PWWP， ADD， or CH， indicating a notable functional differentiation between dnmt1 and dnmt3s. Such functional differentiation was further confirmed by the phylogenetic tree constructed based on amino acid sequences. In the promoter sequences of the 4 dnmts， besides the typical functional element TATA-box， several transcription factor binding sites related to embryonic development， growth， and reproduction were also predicted， such as CREB，Egr-1 and Pit-1. The expression levels of the 4 dnmts were all associated with the developmental stages and exhibited dynamic changes. During the rapid cleavage stage， from the cleavage stage to the blastocyst stage， dnmt1 was highly expressed， while during the organ differentiation stage in later embryonic development， dnmt3aa and dnmt3ab were highly expressed. In adult fish， dnmt1 was highly expressed in the gonads； dnmt3aa and dnmt3ab were highly expressed in the brain， while dnmt3b showed high expression in the gonads and muscles. Additionally， the expression of dnmts exhibited obvious sex dimorphism： the expression levels of dnmt1 and dnmt3b were significantly higher in the ovaries than in the testis， while dnmt3aa and dnmt3ab showed the opposite pattern. The results of in situ hybridization showed that dnmt3aa was expressed in both germ cells and somatic cells of the ovary， whereas dnmt3ab was expressed only in the somatic cells of the ovary. These findings indicate functional differentiation among the members of the dnmts family in M. anguillicaudatus， suggesting that they play important roles in specific developmental stages and tissues.

Abstract:The interleukin-17 receptor （IL-17R） family in mammals regulates inflammatory responses by mediating the signaling of the IL-17 cytokine. Partial cDNA sequences of five Pf_IL-17R genes （Pf_IL-17RA to Pf_IL-17RE） were cloned from yellow catfish （Pelteobagrus fulvidraco，Pf） to study the potential role of IL-17R gene in the immune response to pathogenic infection in fish. The molecular characteristics of the sequence，expression profiles of tissue，and changes in expression of five genes in yellow catfish infected with Edwardsiella ictaluri and stimulated with immunostimulants were analyzed. The results showed that the open reading frame （ORF） of the five Pf_IL-17R genes including Pf_IL-17RA，Pf_IL-17RB，Pf_IL-17RC，Pf_IL-17RD，Pf_IL-17RE was 2 430 bp，1 590 bp，2 106 bp，2 235 bp，and 2 307 bp，encoding 809 amino acids （aa），529 aa，701 aa，744 aa，and 768 aa，respectively. The results of analyzing the sequence of aa showed that the five Pf_IL-17R genes in yellow catfish had high sequence similarity with homologous genes of other teleosts，among which the sequence similarity with homologous genes of channel catfish was the highest. The results of analyses with Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the five Pf_IL-17R genes exhibited different profiles of mRNA in healthy yellow catfish，but the levels of their expression were higher in the blood，gonads，and gills. The levels of mRNA expression of five Pf-IL-17R genes were significantly upregulated in the gills，skin，and head kidney of yellow catfish infected with Edwardsiella ictaluri，while the expression levels of Pf_IL-17RB，Pf_IL-17RC，Pf_IL-17RD and Pf_IL-17RE mRNAs were significantly down-regulated in the spleen （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Moreover，the levels of mRNA expression of four Pf_IL-17R genes （with the exception of Pf_IL-17RC） were induced in the isolated peripheral blood leukocytes （PBLs） of yellow catfish stimulated with lipopolysaccharide （LPS），phytohemagglutinin （PHA） and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid （Poly I：C）. It is indicated that the five Pf_IL-17R genes may play important roles in the immune response of yellow catfish to pathogen infection.

Abstract:A model of the localized infection with spring viremia of carp virus （SVCV） in zebrafish （Danio rerio） was established to deeply study the mechanisms of viral disease development and the protective functions of microbial communities in fish.The viral load，pathological alterations，and expression profiles of immune-related genes in gill at 1 day，4 days，7 days and 14 days post-infection were analyzed.The changes in the expression profiles of mucosal immune-related genes and surface microbiota in zebrafish gill during the acute infection （4 d） and recovery phase （14 d） were further investigated based on transcriptomic profiling and 16S rRNA sequencing.The results showed that the structure of gill lamellae was disrupted，with respiratory epithelium detachment and inflammatory cell infiltration after infection with SVCV.The expression level of antiviral genes （ifnγ，mxc） and proinflammatory cytokines （tnfα，il1β） was significantly upregulated during the period of acute infection.Concurrent strong inflammatory response and disordered surface microbiota of gill was identified at 4 d，characterized by significantly increased abundance of opportunistic pathogens （e.g.，Pseudomonas spp.） and their translocation into underlying tissues.The body simultaneously initiated immune responses against viral and bacterial infections in the mucous.Both the inflammatory response in gill and the structure of surface microbiota was restored after 14 days of infection.It is indicated that SVCV infection through gills can damage the structure of physical barrier in gill，disrupt the homeostasis of mucosal microbiota，and lead to secondary bacterial infections.Therefore，it is necessary to strengthen the prevention of the outbreaks of bacterial diseases in the case of viral infection.

Abstract:Zebrafish were exposed to 25 μg/mL rifampicin （RIF），10 μg/mL oxytetracycline （OTC），2 mg/L potassium permanganate （KMnO₄），and 0.1 mg/L chlorine dioxide （ClO₂） for 12 hours to study the potential risks of the widespread use of antibiotics and disinfectants in aquaculture on the skin microbiota and immune responses of fish.Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR （qPCR） and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing were used to detect the immune responses and changes in the skin microbiota in zebrafish.The results showed that the exposure to antibiotics and disinfectants significantly upregulated the expression of inflammation-related genes including interleukin-1β （IL-1β），interleukin-6 （IL-6），and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in zebrafish skin compared to the control group （P<0.05）.The relative expression level of immunoglobulin IgM，complement C3，and mucin Muc2 gene was significantly upregulated （P<0.05） as well.The Alpha-diversity indices including Chao1，Shannon，Ace，and Sobs of skin microbiota significantly decreased （P<0.05）.The results of principal coordinates analysis （PCoA） and non-metric multidimensional scaling （NMDS） showed that there was a significant separation in microbial clustering between the control group and the exposure group.Compared to the control group，the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased in all exposed groups，while the relative abundance of Bacteroidota and Firmicutes decreased.The relative abundance of Acinetobacter increased in each exposure group，especially in the KMnO₄ treated group where the relative abundance reached as high as 65.36%.It is indicated that the exposure to antibiotics and disinfectants can induce inflammatory reactions and dysbiosis in zebrafish skin，weakening the function of immune barrier in skin and ultimately damaging the health of fish.

Abstract:Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is a ciliated protozoan parasite that infects various freshwater fish， causing ichthyophthiriasis. The life cycle of I. multifiliis comprises three stages： theront， trophont， and tomont. Theront， the only infective stage， invades the host and transforms into the trophont. This study first compared the survival of theronts in different cell culture media to identify the most suitable medium for in vitro culture. Based on these findings， the effects of adding epithelioma papillosum cyprini （EPC） cells and agarose to the culture medium on theront development were investigated using three models： （a）， agarose was positioned in the lower layer beneath the theront and cell mixture； （b）， the agarose mixed directly with theront and cell； and （c），agarose positioned in the upper layer above the theront and cell mixture. The survival rate and size of I. multifiliis were calculated for each condition. The results were as follows： （1） The longest survival time for theronts in medium M199 was up to 6 d. However， theronts were unable to transform into trophonts. （2） The addition of EPC cell aggregates to medium M199 enabled theronts to transformed into trophonts， which survived for 2 d. The size of trophonts was （31.32±3.79） μm on d 2， with no significant growth trend observed. （3） In all three agarose models， theronts was transformed into trophonts and survived for 3 d. The diameters of trophonts in models a， b， and c modes were （37.40±3.99） μm， （39.51±8.51） μm， and （45.14±10.92） μm， respectively， on day 3. In conclusion， the present study demonstrated that adding either EPC cell aggregates or agarose to medium M199 promoted the transformation of theronts into trophonts. However， significant trophonts growth occurred only in the model where the medium was supplemented with both agarose and cells.

Abstract:The low-frequency electric fields with intensity of 600 V/m，1 500 V/m，and 3 000 V/m were used to solve the problems of difficulty in maintaining the quality of freshwater fish during the traditional process of preservation with partial freezing.The indexes including the loss rate of drip，the capacity of holding water，hardness，color，the content of total volatile basic nitrogen （TVB-N），and the water migration of tilapia fillets preserved by partial freezing were measured to study the effects of electric field-assisted partial freezing on the quality of fillets.The results showed that low-frequency electric field effectively suppressed the loss rate of drip and maintained the capacity of holding water during the storage with partial freezing，with greater intensity resulting in more significant effects.The loss rate of drip in samples treated with 3 000 V/m electric field was significantly lower than that in the control group （P<0.05） from the 4th day，with significantly higher capacity of holding water （P<0.05）.Meanwhile，low-frequency electric field inhibited the deterioration of color，decreased the hardness，increased the content of TVB-N，and extended the shelf life of fillets.The increase in the content of TVB-N in the control group at 16th days was about 1.6-3.0 times that in the groups treated with low-frequency electric field.The results of low field-nuclear magnetic resonance （LF-NMR） analysis showed that the water in tilapia fillets migrated from immobilized water to free water as the time of storage prolonged.Low-frequency electric fields suppressed water migration，and the higher the intensity of electric field，the more significant the effect.Especially，the low-frequency electric field with an intensity of 3 000 V/m had the best effect on maintaining the quality of tilapia fillets under partial freezing.It is indicated that low-frequency electric field-assisted partial freezing is a feasible and effective technique for preserving the quality of tilapia fillets.It will provide a new direction for the improvement on the effect of preserving freshwater fish with partial freezing.

Abstract:A high-efficiency medicinal-soil separation device was designed to address the challenges of separating fritillary bulbs from soil particles with similar sizes and the low recovery rate in existing fritillary bulb harvesters. Key parameters affecting performance and their value ranges were determined based on kinematic and dynamic analyses. A discrete element method and multi-body dynamics（DEM-MBD） coupling-simulation model was constructed. Central composite design（CCD） experiments were conducted with sieve inclination angle， crank radius， crank speed， and medicinal-soil roller speed as experimental factors， and recovery rate and separation efficiency as evaluation indexes. Analysis of variance（ANOVA） was performed on the results of CCD experiments to establish regression models between recovery rate/separation efficiency and significant factors. The model was solved with the multi-objective grey wolf optimization （MOGWO） algorithm to obtain the optimal combination. Results showed that increasing crank radius and crank speed improved both recovery rate and separation efficiency， while increasing sieve inclination angle had opposite effects. Excessive inclination caused material blockage at the front end， hindering rearward movement， though soil continuously sifted downward during operation. The optimal combination of parameters was the sieve inclination angle of 1.6°， crank radius of 39.7 mm， crank speed of 332 r/min， and soil-crushing roller speed of 284 r/min， achieving a recovery rate of 93.72% and separation efficiency of 92.09%. The results of bench verification under identical conditions showed that the recovery rate and separation efficiency was 91.05% and 90.17%， closely align with the simulation-optimized outcomes with a relative error of less than 3%， meeting the requirements for fritillary bulb-soil separation and fully validating the practicality of the dual-layer vibrating separation device designed.