Abstract:China has a long history of tea plant breeding and a solid research foundation as the origin of tea plants and a major tea producing country in the world.Clonal tea cultivars and vegetative propagation techniques first appeared in China，and China has bred the largest number of tea cultivars in the world.The researches on the genetics and breeding of tea plants in China have accelerated after the reform and opening up.After entering the 21st century，it has achieved good results in many fields including the number and diversity of cultivars bred，breeding technology，and basic theory of breeding，especially in the fields of tea whole genome sequencing and assembly，functional genomics and other fields，leading the world and strongly supporting the high-quality development of tea industry in China.This article reviews the history and achievements of researches on the genetics and breeding of tea plants in China，and sorts out the problems existing in the genetic rules of the main characters of tea plants，breeding techniques，and innovation of breakthrough varieties.In view of these problems，some priorities of researches on the innovation of basic theories of genetics and breeding，breeding technology and cultivar in the future are put forward.It will provide valuable reference for further studies on the genetics and breeding of tea plants.

Abstract:Tea is an important cash crop in China，and its planting area ranks first in the world.With the large-scale development of tea plantations，a large number of natural vegetation complexes have been cut down to concentrate and connect.The biodiversity of tea plantations is decreasing day by day，resulting in the deterioration of surface ecology and soil ecology，the aggravation of plant diseases and insect pests，and the decline of tea yield and quality.In order to solve the problems caused by the neglect of ecological construction in tea plantations and improve the ecological，economic and social benefits of tea plantations，the tea industry in the new era urgently needs to develop ecological tea plantations.This article reviewed the evolution of the ecological tea plantation concept and the development of its connotation.The ecological tea plantation model explored in the long-term practice of some tea areas was summarized.On this basis，this article puts forward the definitions and construction points of three new modes of ecological tea plantation，i.e.block mixture，three-dimensional and integrated mixture of tea trees and secondary plants in ecological tea plantation.In terms of the main problems existing in the development of ecological tea plantation，some suggestions including building the promotion and application system of the ecological tea plantation theory，improving the technical system of the ecological tea plantation，expanding the cultural and tourism service functions of the ecological tea plantation，constructing the carbon sink methodology of ecological tea plantation，and establishing the certification system of ecological tea plantation were put forward to promote the development of ecological tea plantation in China.

Abstract:This article reviewed the current situation of the production and sales of black tea in China in recent years， and summarized the latest progress of studying Chinese black tea including the online perception of black tea products， the development of precision processing equipment and standardized processing parameters， the creation of new processing technology and the development of new products. The problems existing in the current stage of Chinese black tea industry were analyzed in terms of product quality， processing equipment and processing technology. The black tea industry in China was prospected from the aspects including the in-depth processing theory， the studies on online detection technology and intelligent equipment， the innovation of new processing technology and the development of new products made by black tea.

Abstract:Microorganisms have always been used in the tea industry and have a positive effect on the development of the tea industry.This article reviewed the effects of the rhizosphere microorganisms，pathogenic microorganisms，endophytes，beneficial fertilizer microorganisms and anti-stress microorganisms in tea tree on the soil in tea garden，the growth and diseases of tea tree to better promote the development of microorganisms in the tea industry.The structure and dynamic changes of microbial community during the processing of dark tea and other teas，and the progress of tea sanitary microorganisms were summarized.It is proposed that the direction for studying tea microorganisms should be established，and the basic research and application research of tea microorganisms should be increased.The integration of tea microbiology and tea science，and the utilization and value-added of tea resources should be enhanced to better promote the healthy development of tea industry in China.

Abstract:Genome-wide association analysis（GWAS） is based on high-throughput sequencing technology，combined with bioinformatics and statistical methods，to identify genetic variants that regulate complex traits at the genome-wide level.It is the most powerful and effective method to study the genetic variation of complex agronomic traits and diseases，and its core is to study the association between genetic variation and target traits.This review briefly introduces the basic principles，processes and influencing factors of GWAS analysis.A series of progress made by GWAS in studying the tea beverage consumption，important agronomic traits of tea trees，tea quality and the population structure of tea plant were summarized.Finally，the problems encountered and the direction of development in the GWAS research of tea plant were discussed.It will provide a basis for using GWAS in further researches on the selection of tea consumers，the genetics and breeding of tea plant.

Abstract:In recent years， the interaction of tea polyphenols and gut microorganisms has gradually become a research hotspot in food science， nutrition and biology. The active substances from tea polyphenols produced by intestinal microorganism metabolizing have the effects of anti-oxidation， reducing lipid and treating inflammation， etc. The tea polyphenols could affect human health by regulating intestinal microorganism. We mainly summarized the absorption of tea polyphenols in body， the metabolic fate of tea polyphenols by intestinal microorganism， the modulatory effects of catechins on gut microbiota composition， and their effects on reducing blood lipids， reducing fat accumulation， maintaining intestinal barrier， which could provide some references for the study of bidirectional effects of tea polyphenols and intestinal microorganism in improving human health.

Abstract:A method of temperature and humidity control in double warehouses was proposed to design an automatic piling machine for dark tea which can realize the automatic adjustment of temperature， humidity and oxygen， numerical control and automatic operation in the piling process based on simulating the natural indoor pile fermentation methods of green brick tea and Pu-erh tea and the principle of water absorption and heat generation during piling fermentation and to solve the practical problems in the current dark tea production process. The results showed that the changes of temperature（average 51℃）， humidity （61%-89%）and the content of water in tea leaf （gradually reduced from 38% to 22%） in the pile fermentation process of the automatic piling machine fully met the requirements of dark tea piling. The tea leaves piled by the machine can meet the requirements of traditional processing methods， and the tea quality is stable. The results of safety analyses showed that no vomitoxin， aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone was detected in the dark tea piled by the automatic piling machine， indicating that the dark tea produced and processed by the automatic piling machine fully meets the requirements of food safety and tea quality.

Abstract:The method of bibliometrics and CiteSpace software were used to draw a knowledge map for 321 literatures in CNKI with the theme of “China’s tea industry economy” from 2015 to 2021 and carry out an inductive analysis.The results showed that the number of domestic literatures related to the economic studies on tea industry in China increased rapidly since 2015.The core groups of author and institution are about to be formed.The economic studies on tea industry in China from 2015 to 2021 is divided into two stages.The first one is the high-speed development stage focusing on the development of the tea industry itself and the micro-subjects.The second one is the normalized development stage focusing on the integrating the tea industry with major national strategies.Finally.the future trends of economic studies on tea industry in China are prospected.The first one is to focus on studies in combination with the strategy of rural revitalization and common prosperity.The second one is to focus on changes in tea production.circulation.consumption and marketing under the background of the pandemic and upgrading consumption.The third one is to strengthen the studies on the cross-integration of big data.information technology and the tea economy.The fourth one is to strengthen the studies on the tea micro-consumption market and the production behavior of business entities.The fifth one is to continuously conduct the monitoring.evaluation and analysis of the international competitiveness of tea industry in China.

Abstract:‘Egan No.1’ Ponkan was used to study the effects of mechanical pruning-mediated fruit thinning on improving fruit quality to find a labor-saving way for thinning fruit in a more efficient manner.At the same time，the expression patterns of genes associated with sucrose and citric acid metabolism were analyzed.The results showed that the fruit thinning speed and efficiency were substantially accelerated by mechanical pruning，leading to significant labor-saving.In addition，mechanical pruning-mediated fruit thinning significantly increased the transverse diameters，longitudinal diameters，single fruit weight and fruit firmness of the Ponkan fruit.Meanwhile，the proportion of large-sized fruit at the stage of ripening was significantly increased to 57%.Mechanical pruning-mediated fruit thinning accelerated the color change of fruit peel，significantly increased total soluble solids to 11.57% and reduced the content of titratable acids.The content of sucrose was significantly increased to 52.10 mg/g.The result of quantitative real-time PCR showed that genes involved in the synthesis of sucrose and the degradation of citric acid were significantly up-regulated in the fruits collected from the thinned trees in comparison with the unthinned trees.Mechanical pruning-mediated fruit thinning can be used as a labor-saving fruit thinning method to improve the quality of Ponkan fruit by up-regulating genes associated with the synthesis of sucrose and the degradation of citric acid.

Abstract:The 8-year-old field-cultivated Lane Late navel orange was inoculated with three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （Acaulospora scrobiculata，Diversispora spurca，and D. versiformis） and an endophytic fungus （Piriformospora indica） and the fruit quality and root/rhizosphere soil properties of lane late navel orange were analyzed to study the effects of the inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and endophytic fungi on the fruit quality and root/rhizosphere soil properties of lane late navel orange.The results showed that the root fungal colonization rate of inocualted trees was from 23.3% to 27.4%，which was significantly increased by 17%-38% compared with that of uninoculated trees.Inoculation of symbiotic fungi significantly increased fruit set，flesh weight and fruit weight per fruit by 65%-152%，20%-36%，and 13%-34%，respectively，along with reduced fruit hardness by 22%-39%.These symbiotic fungi also increased fruit coloration value，polar and equatorial diameter，the content of glucose，fructose and sucrose to varying degrees，but it was different due to fungal species.In addition，the symbiotic fungi significantly increased soil aggregate stability （MWD），the content of organic carbon （SOC），Olsen-phosphorus，and glomalin-related soil protein （GRSP） by 23%-31%，4%-26%，53%-147%，and 10%-138%，respectively，but inhibited the content of available potassium.The results of correlation analysis showed that root fungal colonization was significantly or significantly positively correlated with fruit sugar components，soluble solids，easy-to-extract GRSP，MWD，SOC and available phosphorus.It is indicated that D. spurca has the most prominent effect on fruit appearance quality，sugar composition，soil structure and fertility.

Abstract:20-year-old satsuma mandarin trees in Yiling District，Yichang City，Hubei Province were used to study the effects of Mg fertilizer on the components of sugar and acid in pulp，the value of color difference and content of pigment in peel at the stage of fruit color changing and fruit maturity of satsuma mandarin to balance the rational application of magnesium fertilizer in citrus and improve the internal and external quality of citrus fruit.Five magnesium fertilizer levels were set as 0，100，150，200，and 250 g MgO per plant，denoted as CK，T1，T2，T3，and T4.The results showed that magnesium application significantly increased the content of magnesium in leaf at the stage of fruit expansion compared with no magnesium application.Mg fertilizer significantly increased the yield of satsuma mandarin fruit.The yield of fruit increased first and then decreased with the increase of Mg fertilizer dosage. In 2019 and 2020，the yield of fruit was the highest at 124 g and 122 g MgO per plant，respectively.Magnesium fertilizer increased the content of sucrose in the pulp at the stage of fruit color changing.Mg application significantly increased the value of L，a，b and C in peel，significantly reduced the H value，the content of chlorophyll a，chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in peel.The brightness，chroma and purity of peel was improved.However，there was no significant impact on the content of sugar and acid in pulp，the value of L，a，b，C and the content of chlorophyll in peel at the stage of fruit maturity.The results of principal component analysis showed that the overall internal and external quality of fruit in T2，T3 and T4 treatment was better，while the quality of fruit in T4 treatment was the best at the stage of fruit coloring.It is indicated that the recommended magnesium application rate for the highest fruit yield and better quality of satsuma mandarin is 122-150 g MgO per plant，and the recommended magnesium application rate for fruit quality of satsuma mandarin is 200-250 g MgO per plant.

Abstract:The effects of three kinds of microbial inoculants and its compound inoculants on the soil fertility， tree nutrition， fruit quality and yield of satsuma mandarin were compared and analyzed with field trials to guide the rational application of microbial inoculants in citrus and to improve the yield and quality of citrus fruit.The results showed that the application of microbial inoculants increased soluble solids， solid acid ratio and vitamin C of satsuma mandarin fruit compared with no application of microbial agents.Compound microbial inoculants improved the fruit quality and stabilized the yield of fruit compared with single bacterial treatment.Different microbial inoculants increased the contents of soil organic matter， available nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium， the activities of urease， phosphatase and sucrase.Through linear mixed model analysis， the total phosphorus， soil phosphatase and available phosphorus in leaf were the important indexes significantly affected the quality of satsuma mandarin fruit.It is indicated that different microbial inoculants can improve the activation of soil phosphorus， increase the soil available phosphorus， promote the phosphorus uptake by the tree， and finally improve the fruit quality， among which the compound microbial inoculants have more significant effects.

Abstract:The effects of three commonly used herbicides including glyphosate isopropylamine，glufosinate，and quizalofop-p-ethyl on the physicochemical properties of soil，rhizosphere microorganisms in soil and fruit quality in citrus orchards were investigated.The 20-year-old satsuma mandarin fruit trees were used to detect the changes of physicochemical properties of soil，the diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms in soil and fruit quality.The results showed that the spraying of glyphosate isopropylamine led to soil acidification，while the spraying of glufosinate or quizalofop-p-ethyl had no significant effect on soil pH.The spraying of the three herbicides increased the bulk weight of soil and somehow activated acid phosphatase，alkaline phosphatase，urease and sucrase in soil.None of the three herbicides had effect on the nutrient content of organic matter，soil alkaline nitrogen，available potassium and available phosphorus in soil.Spraying the three herbicides led to significant changes of microbial community composition in soil and the decrease in diversity of microbial rhizosphere，resulting in a decrease in the relative abundance of microorganisms including Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria，and an increase in the relative abundance of microorganisms such as Cyanobacteria phylum.The spraying of three herbicides resulted in a decrease in the weight of single fruit and the content of soluble solids，vitamin C，and an increase in the content of titrable acid，and the delayed change of peel color.It is indicated that the spraying of herbicides had significant adverse effects on the ecology of soil and the fruit quality in orange orchards.It will provide a theoretical basis for understanding the function of herbicides objectively and advocating less spraying of herbicides in citrus orchards.

Abstract:Three different cultivation patterns of Newhall navel oranges including traditional cultivation pattern，wide-row and narrow-plant pattern，wide-row and narrow-plant fence pattern were selected and the qualities of fruits under the canopy were analyzed to screen the labor-saving and light simplified cultivation patterns suitable for large-scale orchards of Newhall navel oranges.The results showed that the quality of single fruit in the general cultivation pattern was significantly greater than that of the two innovative patterns，and the quality of the upper single fruit reached （339.42±70.28） g.If the hierarchical differences were not considered，the fruit shape index of the wide-row and narrow-plant pattern reached 1.08±0.057，which was significantly greater than that of the wide-row and narrow-plant fence pattern and the general cultivation pattern.The fruit juice yield of the wide-row and narrow-plant pattern reached （51.07±3.84）%，which was significantly higher than that of the wide-row and narrow-plant fence pattern and the general cultivation pattern.In the wide-row and narrow-plant pattern，the single fruit quality of the upper canopy reached （233.53±53.01） g，which was significantly greater than that of the middle and lower layers.The soluble solids in the upper layer were significantly higher than that of the middle layer and the lower layer； the thickness of the peel in the middle layer was the largest，reaching （0.52±0.079） cm，which was significantly larger than that of the lower layer.The fruit juice yield of the lower layer was the highest，the content of fruit Vc was the lowest.The titratable acid of the middle layer was the highest，and the solid acid ratio was the lowest.In the wide-row and narrow-plant fence pattern，the juice yield of the upper layer was lower than that of the lower layer，and the single fruit quality of the middle layer was the largest.The peel thickness of the upper layer was significantly higher than that of the middle and lower layers.In the general cultivation pattern，the single fruit quality and peel thickness were larger.There was no significant difference between the upper，middle and lower layers.The fruit shape index of the lower layer was the smallest.The soluble solid content was low，and the difference between the upper，middle and lower layers was not significant.The solid acid ratio of the middle layer was the lowest.The Vc content of the lower layer was significantly lower than that of the upper and middle layers.The fruit juice yield of the middle and lower layers was significantly higher than that of the upper layer.The cultivation pattern had a significant impact on the fruit quality，mainly in the quality of single fruit，the thickness of the peel，the soluble solids，the solid acid ratio，the juice yield，and the Vc content.The canopy layer did not have a significant impact on the fruit quality of the wide-row and narrow-plant fence pattern，but had a greater impact on the wide-row and narrow-plant pattern and the general cultivation pattern.

Abstract:The Lane Late navel orange with five approach-grafting rootstock combinations including Poncirus trifoliate，red tangerine，Citrus junos，Poncirus trifoliate+red tangerine，and Poncirus trifoliate+Citrus junos in Qingjiang River Basin of Hubei Province was used to study the effects of different rootstock combinations on the nutrition，growth，and fruit quality of Lane Late navel orange.Results showed that the uptake efficiency of iron，copper，and zinc of Poncirus trifoliate+Citrus junos and Citrus junos were higher than that of other rootstock combinations.The same patterns were also observed in the uptake efficiency of calcium and magnesium of red tangerine and Poncirus trifoliate+red tangerine and the uptake efficiency of boron of Poncirus trifoliate.Comparing plant height，crown width and branch length，the growth and tree vigor of different rootstock combinations was in the decreasing order of red tangerine > Poncirus trifoliate+red tangerine > Poncirus trifoliate+Citrus junos > Citrus junos > Poncirus trifoliate.Through the comprehensive comparison of fruit size，peel thickness，soluble solid matter，titratable acid，soluble solids and acid ratio and other indicators，the fruit quality of different rootstock combinations was in the decreasing order of Poncirus trifoliate+red tangerine > Poncirus trifoliate > Poncirus trifoliate+Citrus junos > red tangerine> Citrus junos.The fruit granulation rate and granulation index of navel orange in Poncirus trifoliate+red tangerine and Poncirus trifoliate+Citrus junos were significantly lower than those in other rootstock combinations.On the whole，the nutrient uptake efficiency of navel orange in Poncirus trifoliate+red tangerine and Poncirus trifoliate+Citrus junos are higher，the tree vigor is stronger，and the comprehensive fruit quality is the best，which is suitable for promotion in the Qingjiang River Basin.

Abstract:The potted adult satsuma mandarin trees were treated under waterlogging stress for 2，5，10，15，and 20 d and normal irrigation was used as the control to observe the changes of its morphological and root anatomical characteristics to study the changes of morphological characteristics and physiological response mechanism of satsuma mandarin （Citrus unshiu Marc.‘Ichifumi Wase’） under waterlogging stress.The photosynthetic parameters of leaves，the osmotic adjustment substances of leaves and roots，the activity of anaerobic respiratory enzymes，the content of malondialdehyde and the mineral nutrients of tree were determined.The results showed that the root system began to have an odor and the phloem cells were full and swollen after 5 days of waterlogging.The new and old leaves had appeared different degrees of yellowing，and the root system began to rot and discolored after 10 days of waterlogging.The tree body withered and died after being submerged for about 20 days.Compared with the control，the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase in the root system was significantly increased at the early stage （within 5 days） of waterlogged stress.The content of free proline，soluble sugar and soluble protein was significantly decreased and maintained at low levels，and the content of malondialdehyde was significantly higher than that of the control only after 10 days of waterlogging.Under the same treatment conditions，the content of chlorophyll in leaves continued to decrease with the waterlogging time.The net photosynthetic rate，stomatal conductance，and transpiration rate of leaves decreased significantly after 10 days of waterlogging，and the concentration of intercellular CO₂ was significantly increased.The content of free proline，soluble protein，malondialdehyde and the relative electrical conductivity in leaves under waterlogging was significantly higher than that of the control at the same period for 10-20 d after waterlogging.Under waterlogging stress for 5 and 20 days，the accumulation of most mineral nutrients in stems and leaves did not change，and the content of P，K，Ca and Mg in root decreased significantly compared with the CK.It is indicated that there are significant differences in the physiological responses of different tissues and organs to waterlogged stress in satsuma aurantium grafted in trifoliate orange rootstock，and the relative electrical conductivity of leaves and the alcohol dehydrogenase in root are sensitive to waterlogged stress.Long-term waterlogging stress affects the photosynthetic performance，the content of osmotic regulation substance and the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase，causing obvious stress symptoms in leaves and roots，resulting in the slow growth and even death of plants.

Abstract:The 3-year-old Cocktail grapefruit （Citrus paradise Osbeck.） grafted on trifoliate orange （Poncirus trifoliate L.Raf.） cultivated with root restriction method under shelter from the rain was treated with moderate drought （DR） and foliar spray of spraying 500 mg/L prohexadione calcium （PC），and the conventional watering and fertilizing plants as control （CK） were used to study the effects of drought stress and foliar spray of spraying prohexadione calcium on the flower formation and tree vigor of citrus under facility cultivation.The blossoming and shooting status were observed and recorded under DR，PC and CK treatments in September，November 2021 and April 2022.The physiological parameters of tree vigor including the content of chlorophyll a and b，carbon，total nitrogen，antioxidant enzyme activity in leaves were tested before recovering with conventional watering.The results showed that the moderate drought effectively delayed the flowering date in autumn，and the number of flowers per shoot increased remarkably in the following spring compared with the control.In comparison with CK，the content of chlorophyll b and soluble protein and the enzyme activities of CAT and SOD increased significantly，while the net photosynthetic rate，the content of total chlorophyll，the content of starch，the ratio of C/N and the enzyme activity of POD were decreased in DR treatment.There were no significant changes of the date of flowering and the number of flowers between PC treatment and CK in autumn，however the number of flowers per shoot in spring was significantly increased in comparison with CK.The results of detecting physiological indicators of tree vigor in PC treatment showed that the thickness and weight of leaves，the content of chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll，the enzyme activity of CAT increased，whereas the content of starch，the ratio of C/N and the enzyme activity of POD decreased compared with CK.It is indicated that the foliar spray of spraying prohexadione calcium can regulate the vegetative and reproductive growth of cocktail grapefruit，and combined with moderate drought，it can regulate the consistent and concentrated flowering of cocktail grapefruit under facility cultivation.

Abstract:Both food and environment are important factors that affect human health. The mainstream western nutrition and dietetics focus on the study of the impact of environmental geography， climate conditions or dietary patterns on human health， while ignoring the coupling relationship between the health function of traditional food and its origin， environment and human health. This article firstly comprehensively summarized the progress on environmental geography， dietary patterns and human health， and defined the research scope of environment correlative dietology. “Environment correlative dietology” can be roughly defined as a systematic science that adopts modern scientific methods to study the relationship and mechanism of eating and health in a specific environment based on the oriental people's concept “nature-mankind correspondence” and the particularity of their physique. Then， the relationship between food and environment coupling to health by taking cold and hot syndromes which distinguishes Chinese from Western because of their physical constitution and dietary habits as an example was systematically discussed. Finally， the modern research methods in environment correlative dietology were introduced. As a new interdisciplinary subject， environment correlative dietology focuses on the study of traditional oriental dietary nutrition on the basis of environment，and the health effects of eating with mixed diet under specific environmental conditions. Relevant research results in this field will provide reference for the development of Chinese traditional food including environmental geographic food and seasonal food.

Abstract:The mechanisms of pectin oligosaccharides H1 （POS_H1） regulating cholesterol metabolism based on the efflux，uptake and synthesis of cholesterol were studied using the macrophage model. Results showed that POS_H1 and their microbiota fermentation metabolites （P24） promoted the efflux of cholesterol via increasing protein expressions of key genes in the liver X receptor-α-ATP-binding cassette transporter （ABC） A1/ ABCG1 pathway. Microbial degradation made POS_H1 capable of inhibiting protein expressions of scavenger receptor A and cluster differentiating 36 to suppress cholesterol uptake，while POS_H1 could not. Both POS_H1 and P24 downregulated 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase at protein expression levels to inhibit cholesterol synthesis. It is indicated that POS_H1 regulates cholesterol metabolism by promoting the efflux of cholesterol，inhibiting the uptake and synthesis of cholesterol，which is one of the mechanisms by which POS_H1 regulates cholesterol metabolism，and this mechanism is related to the fermentation of POS_H1 by gut microbiota.

Abstract:The flavonoids extracts of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae ‘Chachi’ （PCR-CF） were extracted and purified from fresh-dried tangerine peel and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae ‘Chachi’ （PCR-C） stored for 1 year and 10 years to study the effects of aging process on the antioxidant activities of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae ‘Chachi’. The changes of contents of flavonoids were analyzed with HPLC. The antioxidant activities of PCR-CF were evaluated by using tert-butyl hydroperoxide （t-BHP）-induced oxidative damage in human hepatoma cells （HepG2 cells） as the model. The molecular mechanism of antioxidant activity was further explored via real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR （qRT-PCR） and Western blot. The results showed that the content of hesperidin fluctuated，but the overall trend was decreasing during the aging process of dried tangerine peel. The contents of polymethoxyflavonoids（PMFs） and total PMFs showed an increasing trend，among which the content of PCR-C10F was the highest，and the content of total PMFs reached （98.66±0.56） mg/g. Moreover，PCR-CF from different storage years significantly increased the levels of SOD and GSH and reduced the contents of MDA There was significant difference between different storage periods. The antioxidant activity of PCR-C10F was the strongest，in which the level of SOD，GSH and MDA reached （139.38±17.38） U/mg，（117.81±3.22） μmol/g and （0.39±0.03） nmol/mg，respectively. The results of correlation analyses showed that the accumulation of nobiletin was the main active component of PCR-C10F to maintain redox balance. PCR-C10F significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 （P<0.001） and increased the expression levels of Nrf2 （P<0.05） in nuclear protein. The mRNA （P<0.001） and protein （P<0.01） expression levels of antioxidant enzymes were significantly activated，and the mRNA （P<0.001） and protein （P<0.05） expression levels of HO-1 was significantly decreased. It is indicated that the contents of PMFs in PCR-CF showed increasing trends and the antioxidant activities enhanced during aging process. PCR-C10F can protect against oxidative stress by regulating the Nrf2-ARE antioxidant signaling pathway. It will provide a theoretical basis for rational storage and quality control of PCR-C.

Abstract:This study aimed to reveal the mechanism of action of oligopeptides KNGP on cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2）， and to explore the interaction between KNGP from yellow pond turtle peptides （YPTP） and COX-2.The IC₅₀ values of YPTP， synthesized KNGP and RG were determined by UV spectrophotometry.The mechanism of interaction between KNGP and COX-2 was investigated by intrinsic fluorescence， synchronous fluorescence， three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopic techniques and ANS fluorescence probe.The mode of action between KNGP and COX-2 was studied by molecular docking.The results showed that the IC₅₀ values of YPTP， KNGP and RG were 0.609， 0.046 and 0.056 mg/mL， respectively.The IC₅₀ of KNGP was lower than that of the positive drug ibuprofen （IC₅₀=0.217 mg/mL）， indicating that KNGP had a significant inhibitory effect on COX-2 enzyme.The intrinsic fluorescence results showed that KNGP had a static quenching effect on COX-2， and the action site was single.Meanwhile， the results of thermodynamic parameter calculations showed that hydrophobic interaction is the main driving force in the process of KNGP binding to COX-2， and KNGP binding to COX-2 is a spontaneous process driven by entropy.The results of synchronous fluorescence， three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopic and ANS fluorescence probe showed that the hydrophobic environment of tyrosine and tryptophan in COX-2 changed， and the hydrophobicity of COX-2 surface was weakened.The molecular docking between KNGP and COX-2 showed that KNGP molecules formed hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with the amino acid residues of COX-2 active center mainly through NH， C=O structure， indole and imidazole structure， and enhanced the binding stability by forming electrostatic interaction.Therefore， the results showed that KNGP could form a complex with COX-2 at a single site through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction， and change the secondary structure of the enzyme to inhibit its activity.

Abstract:Nineteen persimmon varieties grown in Wuhan， Hubei Province and thirty-three persimmon varieties grown in Yangling， Shanxi Province， were used to investigate the differences in the content and composition of soluble tannins， the content of insoluble tannins and the free radical scavenging ability of DPPH· among different regions and varieties to study the effects of factors including geography and variety on the composition， the content and the activity of active ingredients in persimmon fruit. The results showed that there were differences in the content and composition of tannins in the persimmon fruits from Wuhan， Hubei Province and Yangling， Shaanxi Province. The monomer components of soluble tannins in persimmon fruits were mainly gallic acid （GA）， epigallocatechin gallate （EGCG）， epicatechin （EC） and catechin （C）. The content of total phenol and the composition of soluble tannins in the pollination content non-astringent （PCNA） grown in Wuhan， Hubei Province were generally higher than those in the PCNA in Yangling， Shaanxi Province. There was no significant difference in the content of insoluble tannins between non-astringent persimmon varieties and astringent persimmon varieties. However， the content of insoluble tannins in astringent varieties and PCNA from Wuhan was generally higher than that from Yangling. The scavenging ability of DPPH· and hydroxyl radical by insoluble tannins in astringent varieties was higher than that in non-astringent varieties. It is indicated that the differences in regions and varieties are important factors affecting the content and composition of tannins in the persimmon fruits.

Abstract:The Gushi chicken raised in plains，Honglashan chicken raised in plateaus and Cobb broiler raised in commercial cage were used to systematically compare and analyze the nutritional components，amino acid composition，fatty acid composition and volatile flavor substances and other indicators of leg muscles to compare the differences in the nutritional and flavor characteristic between the local native chicken and the commercial broiler.The results showed that the nutritional quality and flavor characteristics of different breeds of chicken varied.The content of fat and monounsaturated fatty acid in Gushi chicken were 16.13 g/100 g and 55.59 mg/g，which were significantly higher than those in the other two breeds （P<0.05）.The content of sugar in Honglashan chicken was 0.97 g/100 g （P<0.05）.The content of essential amino acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in Honglashan chicken was in the middle，which were 29.97 g/100 g and 35.91 mg/g，respectively.Cobb broiler contained 83.91 g/100 g protein，31.94 g/100 g of essential amino acids，and 42.76 mg/g polyunsaturated fatty acids，which were significantly higher than those of the other two breeds （P<0.05）.The relative contents of low-threshold aldehydes in Gushi chicken，Honglashan chicken and Cobb broiler were 40.08%，49.09% and 36.46%，respectively.It is indicated that the flavor characteristics of Gushi chicken and Honglashan chicken are better，while the nutritional qualities of Cobb broiler are better.

Abstract:Chronic unpredictability mild stress （CUMS） model was used to investigate the effects of different dietary patterns on anxiety and depression-like behaviors in mice.C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal diet group （ND），normal diet stress group （NDS），high fat diet group （HFD） and high fat diet stress group （HFDS）.The behavior，body weight，lipid profiles and neurotransmitters of mice were measured.The results showed that compared with the ND group，the sucrose preference of HFD group was significantly decreased，and the total movement distance，the number of entering the central area and the number of crossing squares were decreased in the open field test.Some behavioral indexes of HFDS group were lower than those of HFD group，and some behavioral indexes in HFDS group were lower than those in NDS group.The body weight，adipose/weight，TC and TG levels of HFD group were higher than those of the other groups，and CUMS significantly reduced the adipose/weight，TC and TG levels of the high-fat diet and normal diet mice，and these lipid indexes were lower in HFDS group than in NDS group.The contents of 5-HT and NE in HFD group were lower than those in ND group.CUMS significantly decreased the levels of 5-HT and NE in serum and hippocampus of high-fat diet and normal diet mice，and the levels of neurotransmitters in HFDS group were lower than that in NDS group.The results suggested that high-fat diet can easily induce anxiety and depression-like behaviors，and aggravate CUMS-induced anxiety and depression behaviors，which may be related to lipid metabolism and central neurotransmitter metabolism pathways.

Abstract:In order to understand of the accumulation rule of heavy metal cadmium in fish and provide a theoretical basis for economic，safe，and rapid solution of the problem of heavy metal enrichment in fish，crucian carp （Carassius auratus），a commonly farmed fish in China，was used as the test object.After determining the safe concentration of cadmium in crucian carp，crucian carp were exposed to water containing different concentrations of cadmium for 14 days.The accumulation and distribution of cadmium in various fish tissues were detected by using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer.Then the crucian carp was transferred to clear water at different flow rates for 14 d.The effect of different water flow rates on cadmium removal from fish was compared，and the non-carcinogenic dietary risk of crucian carp edible parts was assessed after exposure test and clearance test，respectively.The results showed that the safe mass concentration of cadmium in crucian carp for 96 h was 1.528 mg/L.Cadmium was more enriched in the crucian carp head and liver，but less enriched in the muscle，and cadmium enrichment degree was positively correlated with cadmium concentration in aquatic environment and cadmium exposure time.Cadmium in the crucian carp muscles and gallbladder was excreted faster，while cadmium in the liver and kidneys was excreted slower，and the clearance effect was the best when the water flow rate was 0.1 to 0.2 m/s.After exposure to cadmium in water for 14 days of ，the crucian carp head and muscle had the potential risk of non-carcinogenic.After cadmium removal from water for 14 days of，the muscle could reach the edible standard，but the fish head still had the risk of food.In summary，there are significant differences in the accumulation and capacity ability of cadmium in various tissues and organs of crucian carp.Appropriate water flow rate is conducive to the discharge of cadmium in crucian carp，and the cadmium-contaminated crucian carp need to be removed from heavy metals before it can be eaten.

Abstract:A novel fungus strain M3b with high chitosanase activity was screened from the soil of many places to study the specific chitosanase. The morphological observation and 18S rDNA sequence identification of strain M3b were carried out. The single-factor and orthogonal experiments were used to optimize the solid fermentation process for chitosanase produced by M3b. The enzymatic properties of chitosanase purified were investigated. The results showed that strain M3b was Aspergillus tamarii. The optimized fermentation conditions for producing chitosanase produced by M3b based on water as 100% were as follows：1% colloidal chitosan+1% glucose，0.5% ammonium sulfate，bran∶soybean meal=6∶10，inoculation amount 10%，incubation for 6 d，the initial pH 7.0，and the fermentation temperature 32 ℃. Under these conditions，the activity of chitosanase reached 20.56 U/mL，which was 221.3% of the initial fermentation condition. The results of SDS-PAGE and enzyme profiling showed that the strain M3b produced only one chitosanase with a molecular weight of 40 ku. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzymatic reaction of this enzyme was 5.5 and 60 ℃，with the degree of polymerizing the final product obtained by hydrolysis of chitosan≥2. It is indicated that producing chitosanase by solid fermentation of Aspergillus tamarii can significantly improve the activity of chitosanase and reduce the cost of production. The purified chitosanase AtChito40 has stable enzymatic properties，acid and alkali resistance，and can effectively degrade chitosan. It will provide the theoretical and experimental basis for the enzymatic degradation of chitosan and the preparation of chitosan oligosaccharide in industrial production.

Abstract:To explore the effect and mechanism of ginger extract （GE） on high temperature stress，an acute heat stress （37 ℃） model of Caenorhabditis elegans was established.The lifespan and movement status of wild-type nematodes，the lifespan of mutants under acute heat stress and the mRNA expression of genes related to heat shock response （HSR） in wild-type nematodes under different degree of heat stress after GE treatment were measured.The results showed that compared with the control group（CK），30，60 and 120 μg/mL GE treatment significantly prolonged the heat-stress lifespan of wild-type nematodes by 16.96%，18.73% and 14.44%，respectively，and significantly improved the movement status of worms at 1st，2nd，and 3rd hour under heat stress.GE-mediated extension of heat-stress lifespan in wild-type nematodes depended on the transcription factor hsf-1，which regulated the heat shock response.GE intervention significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of the HSR-related genes，hsf-1，hsp-90，hsp-16.2，and the protein expression of HSP-16.2 in wild-type nematodes at 20 ℃.Besides，GE had a regulatory effect on the expression levels of HSR-related genes in wild-type nematodes with different degrees of heat stress （transient heat stress，continuous heat stress）.Compared with normal temperature （20 ℃），transient heat stress significantly up-regulated the expression of hsf-1，hsp-16.2，hsp-70 and hsp-90 in nematodes，while GE treatment significantly down-regulated the expression of HSR-related genes.Compared with normal temperature （20 ℃），continuous heat-stress down-regulated the expression of HSR-related genes in nematodes，and GE treatment significantly up-regulated the expression of hsp-16.2 and the expression of hsf-1 and hsp-90 showed an up-regulation trend，indicating that GE treatment reversed the effect of heat stress on the mRNA expression of HSR-related genes to a certain extent.According to the results above，ginger extract could alleviate heat stress in C. elegans by regulating HSR.

Abstract:In order to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of representative components of green tea and black tea on nematodes （Caenorhabditis elegans） at different temperature，the survival rate of nematodes at 4 ℃ and 35 ℃ were quantified in the presence of 0.25，2.5 and 25 μmol/L epigallocatechin gallate （EGCG） or theaflavin （TF1）. Then，fat content and mitochondrial membrane potentials were investigated in nematodes incubated with 25 μmol/L EGCG and TF at 4 ℃，20 ℃ and 30 ℃ were determined. The results showed that 25 μmol/L EGCG increased the maximum and median lifespan of heat stressed nematodes by 8.15% and 22.44%，respectively，and decreased the maximum and median lifespan of cold stressed nematodes by 20.25% and 17.94%，respectively. 25 μmol/L TF1 had no significant effect on the survival rate of heat-stressed nematodes，but increased the maximum and median lifespan of cold-stressed nematodes by 9.43% and 19.01%，respectively. At 4 ℃，both EGCG and TF1 incubation increased the fat content of nematodes and TF1 incubation decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential of nematodes. At 20 ℃，EGCG and TF1 showed significant lipid-lowering effect and could significantly improve the mitochondrial activity in senescent nematodes after long-term incubation. At 30 ℃，EGCG and TF1 increased the fat content in nematodes. The results indicated that TF1 improves the survival rate of nematodes by promoting mitochondrial thermogenesis rather than fat mobilization under low temperature conditions，whereas EGCG incubation can induce nematode death.

Abstract:In order to guide the consumers to scientifically reduce the risk of pesticide residues intake when eating fruits and vegetables，the effects of pesticide residues on the nutritional quality of pakchoi were studied by applying 3 concentration levels of （1， 50， 100 μg/mL） pesticides including chlorothalonil， chlorpyrifos and fipronil to pakchoi. The effects of different washing and cooking methods on removing pesticide residues in pakchoi were compared. The results showed that the contents of water， soluble protein and nitrate all decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of the application concentration. There was no significant differences in the content of vitamin C and carotenoid between treatment groups（P>0.05）. The content of reduced sugar， calcium and phosphorus increased firstly and then decreased compared with the blank group. The content of crude fiber in the 100 μg/mL group increased. The removal effect for the all three pesticides was in the decrease order of detergent， alkali water and rice washing water soaking， and salt water and clear water. The thermal stability of chlorothalonil was poor. The removal percentages of three cooking methods for chlorothalonil were all above 94%. 60 ℃ blanching and 100 ℃ boiling for chlorpyrifos had lower removal effect， while hot oil stir-frying significantly improved the effect of removing（76.97%）. For fipronil hot oil stir-frying had the best effect of removing（82.68%）， followed by 60 ℃ blanching and 100 ℃ boiling. It is indicated that pesticide residues have a certain impact on the nutritional quality of pakchoi. Detergent washing， soaking in rice water and alkaline water， and hot oil stir-frying are effective methods to reduce pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables.

Abstract:Three pesticides including chlorothalonil， chlorpyrifos and fipronil in pakchoi were sampled and determined quantitatively by sampling rate calibrated in vivo solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography. The environmental behavior of pesticides including absorption， enrichment and dissipation in pakchoi were studied. The results showed that the in vivo detection method was accurate， sensitive， fast and convenient. Both light and temperature promoted the degradation of three pesticides in pakchoi. The application method affected the absorption of pesticides， and the absorption rate of the three pesticides by foliar spraying of pakchoi was faster. The culture method affected the degradation of pesticides， and the rate of pesticide degradation in the soil-cultured pakchoi was faster than that of the pakchoi cultured in water. Postharvest storage had an effect on the degradation of pesticides. Storage temperature had little effect on the dissipation rate of chlorothalonil， while low temperature inhibited the dissipation of chlorpyrifos and fipronil. The results showed that among the three pesticides， chlorothalonil had the worst stability， fipronil had the best stability at 4 ℃， and chlorpyrifos was relatively stable at room temperature and 4 ℃. It will provide an analytical method for tracking pesticides in living plants and an insight into the environmental behavior in complex biological systems. It will be helpful to better understand the characteristics of pesticide residues in pakchoi and to reduce the potential health risks in human.

Abstract:ACMO-co-DVB-co-NVP@MCM-41 material was obtained by polymerizing divinylbenzene （DVB）， N-vinylpyrrolidone （NVP） and 4-acryloylmorpholine （ACMO） on MCM-41 mesoporous microspheres to meet the requirements of detecting polar pesticides in cowpea. The material was characterized with scanning electron microscope， Fourier transform infrared spectrometer， thermogravimetric analyzer and N2 adsorption-desorption. Solid-phase microextraction （SPME） fibers were prepared from this material. A method for determining methomyl， carbofuranandcyromazine in cowpea was established by direct immersion-SPME combined with gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorus detector. Under the optimized extraction conditions， the linear relationship of the three pesticides was good， the coefficients of determination were all greater than 0.99， with the detection limits of 1.71-18.79 μg/kg and the quantification limits of 5.71-62.63 μg/kg. The recoveries of 3 pesticides ranged from 84.4% to 116.1%， and the relative standard deviations ranged from 2.2%-7.5%. It is indicated that the method established has good sensitivity， accuracy and reliability， and can satisfy the maximum residue limit （MRL） of pesticide in cowpea. Compared with the popular coating made from hydrophilic-lipophilic balance particles， it has a large extraction capacity and a stronger extraction performance for strong polar substances， which will have a good application prospect in the extraction of non-targeted analytes.

Abstract:‘Huamoxiang 5’ is an excellent black rice variety developed by Huazhong Agricultural University. We planted ‘Huamoxiang 5’ in 14 locations including Wuhan，Xi’an，Lingshui，and Ningbo etc to study the effects of planting locations on the contents of anthocyanins and phenolic acid compounds. The rice flour samples of ‘Huamoxiang 5’ were extracted and analyzed by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography - tandem Mass Spectrometry （HPLC-MS），and the data were quantitatively determined with the external standard method. The results showed that the contents of anthocyanins and phenolic acid compounds in ‘Huamoxiang 5’ varied significantly among samples collected from different planting locations. Among them，the contents of anthocyanins and phenolic acid compounds in the sample planted in Xi’an was the highest，with the content of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside，peonidin-3-O-glucoside and protocatechuic acid up to 2.855 mg/g，0.491 mg/g and 0.088 mg/g，respectively. The contents of anthocyanins and phenolic acid compounds in the sample in Huangshi was the lowest，with the content of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside，peonidin-3-O-glucoside and protocatechuic acid of 0.865 mg/g，0.162 mg/g，and 0.048 mg/g，respectively. It is indicated that the contents of anthocyanins and phenolic acid compounds in black rice are significantly affected by the planting environment. Thus，selecting suitable planting locations for specific black rice varieties is important to produce the black rice with high nutritional value.

Abstract:Deoxynivalenol （DON），as a trichothecenes metabolite produced by Fusarium，widely exists in grains including wheat，rice and corn，which seriously threatens human health.Therefore，based on the theoretical guidance of biochemistry，immunology and materials science，we constructed a chemiluminescent fiber optic immunosensor for the on-site rapid detection of DON in grains by using a combination of biosensing recognition and chemiluminescence technology.At the same time，a portable sensing platform for detecting the chemiluminescence signal was integrated into a black light-proof cassette of 32 cm×15 cm× 25 cm，and the weight was less than 3 kg.The results showed that Fourier transform infrared， energy dispersive spectrometry and atomic force microscopy confirmed the successful preparation of fully antigenicized fiber probes. In addition， the constructed chemiluminescence optical fiber immunosensor had a good linear relationship between 0.1-1 200 ng/mL，with the detection limit of 62.7 pg/mL.The functionalized optical fiber probe can be stably stored for 30 days and has good specificity and anti-interference.The recovery rate of DON applied to grain samples was 81.00%-107.33%，and the relative standard deviation was less than 8.69%.Compared with ELISA，the sensitivity of this method was increased by 30 times，and the linear range was broadened by 3 orders of magnitude，indicating that it is suitable for the on-site rapid detection of DON in grain samples.

Abstract:An array device for synchronously and rapidly detecting multiple mycotoxins was developed to further reduce the time of detection and achieve rapid customs clearance of import and export food. Due to the interaction between probe and analyte，it is difficult to quantify the existing scheme of fixing multiple detection lines on a single test paper，and single quality control line cannot guarantee the effectiveness of multiple channels，and the real “synchronous” detection is not achieved. In this article，two kinds of horizontal and vertical arrays adapted to colloidal gold lateral flow immunoassay （LFIA） strips were designed and constructed by 3D printing technology，with four channels synchronous detection capability. The LFIA strip of aflatoxin B1 （AFB1），zearalenone （ZEN），ochratoxin A （OTA） and deoxynienol （DON） was integrated into the array and used to detect corn，corn meal and wheat kernel. Results showed that the detection limit （LOD） of the four toxins was 0.031 ng/mL，0.19 ng/mL，0.78 ng/mL，0.22 ng/mL，respectively，with recoveries ranging from 74.42% to 112.40%. There was no cross-reaction. The synchronous detection of the four indicators of a single sample，including the pretreatment time，was completed within 40 minutes. The array device constructed will provide a potential equipment support for synchronous and rapid detection of multiple mycotoxins.