Abstract:Land space ecological restoration is a process of continuous optimization of man-land relationship. Under the background and development goal of comprehensively promoting the rural ecology revitalization， the systematic， comprehensive， global and overall territorial space ecological restoration of rural is the realistic demand of the sustainable development of human society. This article took the ecological restoration of territorial space under the background of rural revitalization from 2004 to 2021 as the retrieval subject， and obtained 830 literatures. The map co-occurrence relationship between the ecological restoration of territorial space and rural revitalization in China was summarized based on bibliometrics. It is defined that the new stage of ecological restoration of the territorial space should focus on the coupling of the man-land system in the future. This paper proposes to explore the implementation path and technology integration mode of rural ecological restoration in the advanced stage of man-land system coupling from the perspective of Rural production-life-ecology space， from the aspects of production-ecology， life-ecology and human welfare-ecology. The systematic view of rural production-life-ecology space dynamics should be improved based on the new thinking of ecological restoration of territorial space. The development of ecological restoration should be pushed forward to an advanced stage on the basis of improving human ecological well-being. The implementation of important strategies for the ecological civilization and rural revitalization should be carried forward continuously.

Abstract:In order to provide reference for the follow-up theoretical study and construction practice of digital rural in China，this study adopts the method of bibliometrics and uses the CiteSpace software to draw the knowledge maps of 804 study papers from CSSCI on digital rural from 2016 to 2021. Based on the bibliometric results，the core knowledge elements，front hotspots and domain themes of digital rural are analyzed in depth. The results show that Chinese digital rural study and construction practice has four characteristics： taking historical tasks as the main line，relying on digital information technology，focusing on economic construction，and making joint efforts in multidimensional fields. The prospects of studies are put forward from the aspects of the strength，methods，contents and key tasks of digital rural studies. And the six systematic countermeasures and suggestions for the practice of constructing digital rural including broadening the revitalization path of digital rural，creating a good digital ecological environment in rural areas，improving the quality and efficiency of digital agriculture construction，strengthening new formats of digital rural economy，improving governance performance of digital rural，and adhering to the in-depth promotion of multidimensional fields are given.

Abstract:During the period of rapid urbanization，the shrinking spatial structure of rural population has become more and more simplistic and linear，resulting in a reduction in the social interaction that the structure can carry，and it is difficult to meet the needs of the sustainable development of social，economic and cultural space of villages in the context of rural revitalization.Based on the relevant theories and methods of spatial vitality structure，this paper identifies the vitality structure types of traditional rural space，finds that traditional villages have the semi-network characteristics of “many nodes，overlapping layers and moderate correlation”，constructs a semi-network structure model to stimulate rural vitality，and uses this model to improve the node structure，skillfully set up cross-level overlap reshape the structural vitality of the three industry integration demonstration village by realizing medium correlation.It is expected that the semi-network living structure model will promote the rural revitalization construction in the regions of plains，rivers and lakes.

Abstract:A preliminary system of evaluating rural landscape image was constructed based on nostalgia to construct a model of evaluating rural landscape image to understand the crux of the disappearance of a rural landscape.The fuzzy Delphi was used to screen the factors for evaluation.Taking the rural areas in southern Fujian as an example，each factor was evaluated through questionnaires，and then the multi-criteria compromise evaluation method was used to evaluate the rural landscape image in southern Fujian.The results showed that naturalness and vividness were the most important landscape elements in the rural areas in southern Fujian in terms of visual cognition.The sense of dependence and belonging was the most in need of improvement in terms of rural emotions.The empirical results showed that the evaluation model proposed can clarify the advantages and disadvantages of the current landscape.It will provide a reference for the continuation of intentions for rural landscape images.

Abstract:Reasonable matching of workplace and residence space is a difficult problem that urban researchers have been focusing on for a long time， and suburbs are one of the most prominent regional spaces for matching the workplace and residence. In-depth research on the characteristics of workplace and residence space in the suburbs is an important way to explore the spatial relationship of urban and rural functions. It is of great significance for resolving the contradiction of the dual structure of urban and rural areas and realizing the overall development of urban and rural areas. This article focuses on the suburbs of Hefei City， uses cell phone signaling data covering the whole city area to identify suburban working and residential populations， and develops a visual analysis of the distribution pattern and characteristics of the workplace and residence space in suburbs， and then uses the jobs-housing self-containment index， jobs-housing balance index and spatial mismatch index to analyze the reasonable degree of matching of suburban workplace and residence space under different spatial scales， and discusses the relationship between the workplace and residence space in the suburbs and the central areas of Hefei City. Results of qualitative and quantitative analyses showed that the suburbs of Hefei City were dominated by residential functions， and the spatial distribution of the workplace and residence space was generally uneven. Only a few towns in remote suburban had a high degree of integrating the space of workplace and residence. Most of the suburban townships and streets did not match the functions of workplace and residence， and the central area and the suburbs had a complementary relationship in spatial function. In the future， it is still necessary to further combine multi-source data to explore scientific factors affecting the distribution of the workplace and residence space in suburban areas and methods for optimizing spatial layout.

Abstract:The ecological restoration of land space is the key and difficult point in the comprehensive restoration of mountains， rivers， forests， farmland， lakes and grasslands.This study can provide a methodological reference for the systematic identification and restoration of key areas of ecological restoration areas in territorial space through the construction of the ecological security pattern in the study area and the identification of key restoration areas.Based on the diagnosis of ecosystem problems and the construction of ecological security pattern， this paper explored the method and path of identification and restoration of key areas of ecological restoration in territorial space. The Caidian District of Wuhan City was used to systematically diagnose the degree of degradation，the type of degradation and the spatial distribution of ecosystem from three aspects including quantity，quality and spatial pattern. Based on the identification of ecological sources，the ecological resistance surface is constructed with five factors of land cover type，distance from water area，vegetation coverage，slope and altitude，and potential ecological corridors are identified by constructing the least resistance model，and then the ecological security pattern is constructed.On this basis，ecological conservation area，natural restoration area，artificial restoration area and ecological corridor construction area in Caidian District were systematically identified by integrating the diagnosis of ecosystem problem with requirements of ecological security pattern. 1 901.52 hm2 forest land and water bodies were extracted as ecological sources，18 168.12 m potential ecological corridors were identified.Corresponding ecological protection and restoration measures were proposed from four aspects above.

Abstract:The rapid development of urbanization leads to the transformation of land use form and function，especially in mountainous areas. At the same time，the change of landscape pattern is a prominent symbol of land use transformation，and it is of great significance to explore the relationship between them for land use and ecological management in mountainous areas. Three remote sensing satellite image data of Jinzhai County in Dabie Mountains in 1999，2009 and 2019 were used to quantitatively analyze the landscape pattern evolution characteristics of Jinzhai County by using land use transfer matrix and landscape pattern index，and study the driving forces of landscape pattern evolution of Jinzhai County by using principal component analysis. The results showed that the transformation of land use in Jinzhai County from 1999 to 2019 was characterized by the transformation from production land to living land and ecological land，with the highest transformation rate and continuous growth of construction land. The area of cultivated land and unused land decreased. The forest land and water area continued to grow steadily. In terms of type，it was mainly the conversion between cultivated land，construction land，unused land and forest land. In space，the land use transformation in Jinzhai County was mainly concentrated in the central region from 1999 to 2009，and mainly concentrated in the northeast region from 2010 to 2019. During the period，the fragmentation of landscape pattern in Jinzhai County increased，landscape heterogeneity and evenness decreased，and irregular patches increased. From 2010 to 2019，various landscape types were distributed intermittently，and landscape connectivity decreased. The comprehensive action of five driving forces of Jinzhai County including economic development，industrial level，population situation，living standard and governance environment led to the transformation of land use and the change of landscape pattern. Among them，socio-economic development was the main driving factor of landscape pattern change in Jinzhai County，while population and urban construction were the secondary driving factors. In the future，further optimized method of measuring landscape pattern evolution and in-depth studies on driving factors should be considered. The scientific and comprehensive uses of land and optimization strategies for landscape pattern are proposed.

Abstract:This article analyzed the effects of Internet usage on the willingness to adopt intelligent agricultural technology among large-scale pig farmers by using the survey data of large-scale pig farmers in Hubei Province and the propensity score matching method in order to promote the popularization of intelligent agricultural technology. On this basis， the Probit model was used to analyze the heterogeneity and influence paths. The results showed that the use of the Internet significantly increased the willingness to adopt intelligent production technologies including intelligent management， intelligent service and safety traceability among large-scale pig farmers. The effect was in the decreasing order of intelligent production technology， intelligent management technology， safety traceability technology and intelligent service technology. The impact of Internet usage on the willingness to adopt intelligent agricultural technology among large-scale pig farmers was heterogeneous. In terms of age， the new generation of large-scale pig farmers tended to use intelligent production technologies， and the older generation of large-scale pig farmers tended to use the other three technologies. In terms of educational background， Internet use had a greater impact on the willingness of low-educated pig farmers to adopt the four technologies compared with high-educated pig farmers. In terms of business scale， small-scale pig farmers tended to use safety traceability technologies， while large-scale pig farmers tended to use the remaining three technologies. The use of the Internet can indirectly and positively affect the adoption willingness of large-scale pig farmers by improving their technical cognition and value perception of intelligent agricultural technology.

Abstract:The National Key Research and Development Program is the product of the central financial science and technology plan reform during the 13th Five-Year Period.It has gradually become an important channel for China to support major public welfare research，major scientific problems，major generic key technologies and product research and development.In this paper，we take agricultural projects of 11 key projects from 2016 to 2020 as the research object，analyze the distribution of projects in major provinces and three types of units.We select livestock and poultry key project，review from project application and review，project establishment in different fields，research strength composition and trend analysis.Finally，three suggestions are put forward： the first，we should focus on national strategic needs and industrial development trends to foster new projects； the second，we should strengthen cooperation between enterprises，universities and research institutes，build an innovation consortium； the third，we should implement professional management and improve project performance.The above suggestions are intended to provide reference for research institutions and researchers to improve their ability to undertake major national research tasks.

Abstract:Technological optimization is the driving force and support to promote the transformation and upgrading of animal husbandry and realize the development of animal husbandry in China with high-quality.This article uses qualitative analyses to sort out the key bottlenecks of technologies faced by the development of animal husbandry in China with high-quality.With the help of R & D investment and achievements of scientific and technological award in animal husbandry in China from 2006 to 2019，the corresponding status and characteristics of research and development are further presented.The results showed that the total amount of scientific and technological achievements in animal husbandry was stable.The number of main types of achievements varied significantly and fluctuated periodically.Institutions including universities and academies of agricultural sciences are the main R & D subjects of scientific and technological achievements in animal husbandry.The R & D investment did not match its value of output.Based on the bottlenecks of science and technologies for developing the animal husbandry with high-quality，four aspects including increasing R & D investment，improving the innovation level of green technologies，promoting the linked development of mechanization and information technology，constructing a collaborative innovation system of technologies in animal husbandry are proposed to help promote the optimization of science and technologies in animal husbandry and achieve the development of animal husbandry with high-quality.

Abstract:In order to achieve the policy objectives of “improving product quality，increasing fishermen’s income，greening industry and optimizing water area ecology”，qualitative and case analysis methods were applied in this paper to analyze the economic and ecological benefits of China's aquaculture development.Based on the development history，culture area and culture structure of freshwater aquaculture in China，the quality and safety issues were discussed.Taking large surface aquaculture，pond culture，integrated rice-fish farming and integrated rice-crayfish farming models as examples，the ecological and economic benefits were analyzed.The results showed that since the reform and opening up in China，the area has been expanding，the production has increased rapidly，the structure of aquaculture has been continuously optimized，and the income of aquaculture has been rising，however，the environmental and product quality problems hinder the green development of freshwater aquaculture in China.Taking typical freshwater aquaculture model as an example，this paper analyzed the ecological and economic benefits of the future green and healthy aquaculture model，and in order to promote the “quality and efficiency improvement” of the three typical modes，the path of future green development was given.The large surface water needs to realize functional zoning，establish norms and standards and speed up industrial integration.It is necessary to strengthen the standardization of bulk freshwater aquaculture，apply modern mechanized equipment and popularize the pattern of compound ecological-type and circulating pond.The model of rice-fish farming needs to strengthen the characteristic brand，improve the basic breeding facilities and construct a science and technology promotion system.

Abstract:The CiteSpace software was used to visually analyze the information of the literature related to the green development of the breeding industry based on the literatures in the field of the green development of breeding industry included in the CNKI database from 1998 to 2021.The hotspots and frontiers in the green development of breeding industry were summarized.Results showed that the research field in green development of breeding industry is gradually active.Most of the research centers on colleges and universities form a system of scientific research， but there is a lack of close cooperation between institutional teams.The research hotspots in the green development of the breeding industry focus on three major directions including the quality and safety of the products， the ecological environment， and the strategies and models of development.The main concerns in the research on the green development of breeding industry are as follows：green development， the combination of planting and breeding， swine breeding， breeding households， and aquaculture.Results of frontier analyses showed that “swine breeding”“the combination of planting and breeding” and “economic benefit” were the trends of research in the future.How to change the development mode of the breeding industry， especially the swine breeding， how to coordinate the economic and ecological benefits， and realize the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure by combining planting with breeding， etc.are valuable topics in the future， which still need to be explored.

Abstract:Methane produced by animal husbandry is the main source of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions， and reducing methane emissions has become the focus of studies in various countries. This article aimed to provide data support and scientific basis for promoting the process of methane emission reduction in animal husbandry and realizing the green and sustainable development of animal husbandry. The long-term statistical data of the FAOSTAT from 1961 to 2019 were used to analyze the changing trend of methane emission from global animal husbandry. The results showed that there were significant differences in estimated methane emissions from animal husbandry in various regions of the world from 1961 to 2019， and the overall trend was increasing. Methane emissions from ruminants increased from 68.047 9 million tons in 1961 to 103.529 1 million tons in 2019， accounting for 96.98% and 97.51% of the total methane emissions from animal husbandry. Among different species of ruminants， the top three methane emissions were beef cattle， dairy cattle， and buffalo. Its emissions increased from 34.988 7 million ton， 18.615 6 million ton， and 5.209 8 million tons in 1961 to 56.661 6 million ton， 19.960 4 million ton， and 12.083 3 million tons in 2019， respectively. India， China， Pakistan and other countries were major livestock producers， and the output of ruminants such as cattle and sheep ranked among the top 10 in the world. Its methane emissions are also increasing， and the increase is more and more rapid. On this basis， this article proposes that a multi-pronged approach can be taken to reduce methane emissions from animal husbandry. At the policy level， we should establish statistical data and measurement standards for methane emissions from animal husbandry， tax greenhouse gas emissions from animal husbandry or allow them to participate in the carbon market， establish an incentive mechanism to encourage farmers to reduce methane emissions from farms， and enhance the awareness of climate change among producers and consumers. At the production level， we should improve the quality of forage grass， adopt reasonable grazing management strategies， add feed supplements， optimize genetic selection， and improve the utilization level of livestock manure. At the consumer level， we should reduce the waste of meat and dairy and reduce or replace animal-based diets with plant-based diets as a combination of strategies to reduce methane emissions from animal husbandry.

Abstract:91 wild barley samples from the Near East，Central Asia and Tibet of China were selected and phylogenetically analyzed based on the alcohol dehydrogenase Ⅲ （ADH3） gene to study the genetic evolution relationship of barley.The results showed that the number of haplotypes （H=22） and genetic diversity （H_d=0.914，π=0.012 65） of the wild barley from Near East were significantly higher than that of the wild barley from Tibet （H=5，H_d=0.753，π=0.012 16） and Central Asia （H=8，H_d=0.810，π=0.011 10）.Ninety-one wild barley samples were mainly divided into two groups （Ⅰ and Ⅱ）.81% of wild barley from the Near East and 80% of wild barley from Tibet were clustered in group Ⅰ. 91% of wild barley from Central Asian and a few parts of wild barley from the Near East and Tibet were clustered in group Ⅱ. The results of analyzing population structure further confirmed that the wild barley samples from Tibet were more closely related to wild barley from the Near East than to wild barley from the Central Asia.It is clarified the genetic evolution relationship of wild barley in the Near East，Tibet and Central Asia.It will provide the molecular basis for studying the origin of cultivated barley.

Abstract:Two CMS genes were truncated in different lengths，expressed in prokaryotic cells and genetically transformed in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus. to determine the relationship between the toxicity of the protein encoded by the ogu CMS sterility gene orf138 and male sterility and the core functional region of the hau CMS sterility gene orf288. The results of truncated male sterile gene orf138 showed that the growth of E. coli expressing pET32a^1-138 and pET32a^1-93 containing transmembrane helix was significantly inhibited after the IPTG was added，while the growth of E. coli expressing pET32a^45-138 without transmembrane helix was not affected. It is indicated that the toxic region of ORF138 is located at the N-end containing the transmembrane helix. Results of genetic transformation showed that PS：Rfp138^35-138 and PS：Rfp138^45-138 did not cause male sterility in Arabidopsis thaliana and B. napus，indicating that the complete N end is necessary for ORF138 to induce male sterility in plants. The results of genetic transformation of different truncated orf288 in Arabidopsis thaliana showed that positive seedlings transformed with PS：Rfp288^104-288，PS：Rfp288^134-288 and PS：Rfp288^164-288 were male sterile，while all the positive seedlings transformed with PS：Rfp288^194-288 were fertile. It is preliminarily proved that the core functional region of orf288 is orf288^164-288，indicating that the 164th-194th aa of ORF288 may be closely related to the cytoplasmic male sterility in hau.

Abstract:A F₂ population of radish （Raphanus sativus L.） was constructed by crossing the lobed-leaf cultivar J4 with the serrated-leaf cultivar WA.Two bulk DNA samples consisted of equivalent amounts of DNA from 20 individuals with lobed-leaf and 20 individuals with serrated-leaf in the F₂ population were used to study the inheritance of the lobed-leaf in radish.The results showed that the leaf in radish was controlled by a single gene.The lobed-leaf is incomplete dominant over the serrated-leaf.The gene for lobed-leaf was initially mapped to the genomic region from 0.07 Mb to 7.97 Mb on chromosome R7 through bulked segregant analysis （BSA） and genotyping by sequencing （GBS）.It was found that there is good collinearity between 0.87-1.32 Mb in the candidate interval of radish and 16.35-16.80 Mb of the A10 chromosome of rapeseed by analyzing the collinearity between the whole genome of radish and rapeseed（Brassica napus）.Gene function annotation of the collinear segment confirmed that Rs390250（899 863-901 651 bp） is a candidate gene of lobed-leaf in radish.This candidate gene encodes a HD-ZipⅠ （the class Ⅰ homeodomain leucine-zipper） transcription factor.Its non-synonymous mutation site T425C located in the 2nd exon leads to changes in conserved amino acids in the LZ （leucine zipper） domain，indicating that it may be a key site for the variation of leaf morphology.

Abstract:In order to further clarify the role of bacteria in pine wilt disease and control effect of emamectin benzoate and antibiotic mixture on the disease，strains， which can significantly promote survival and reproduction of nematode and aggravating the disease， were screened from bacteria carried by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. High-efficiency antibiotics were screened from 30 kinds of antibiotics by testing their antibiotic activity to the screened disease-related bacteria， and the inhibitory effect of emamectin benzoate on the disease-related bacteria was studied. The toxicity of high-efficiency antibiotics and emamectin benzoate mixture to B. xylophilus and the control effect of the mixture on pine wilt disease of 6-month-old Pinus massoniana seedlings was determined by the immersion method and the root filling method， respectively. The results showed that compared with strains AMA3-2 and AMA3-3， strain AMA3-1 had a better promoting effect on the survival， reproduction of the nematode and the disease. Ciprofloxacin and minocycline had better antibacterial activity against AMA3-1， but emamectin benzoate had no inhibitory effect on AMA3-1. When the mixture or emamectin benzoate was 500 mg/L， the mortality rate of B. xylophilus could reach more than 80%. While the corrected mortality of B. xylophilus maintained at a low level （0.74%-2.43%） under the treatment of different concentration of high-efficiency antibiotics. When the concentration was 500 mg/L， and application time was 2 days before inoculation （on the day of inoculation） with the mixture of B. xylophilus and AMA3-1， the control effect of the mixture of emamectin benzoate and high-efficiency antibiotics on the disease was 50% （25%）， while that of emamectin benzoate was 33% （17%） and high-efficiency antibiotics was 17% （0%）. The results showed that emamectin benzoate or its mixture had high toxicity to B. xylophilus， but antibiotics had no killing effect. Under certain conditions， the mixture of emamectin benzoate and antibiotic can improve the control effect on pine wilt disease.

Abstract:In order to clarify the virus infection of lily in production,virus-infected lily samples collected from Yunnan and Zhejiang Provinces were analyzed by using high-throughput sequencing technique.Eight known viruses，including lily mottle virus （LMoV），cucumber mosaic virus （CMV），plantago asiatica mosaic virus （PlAMV），dahlia mosaic virus （DMV），figwort mosaic virus （FMV），rose yellow vein mosaic virus （RYVV），dahlia common mosaic virus （DCMV），and cassava vein mosaic virus （CsVMV），and two new viruses were identified through sequence alignment and assembly.Then 48 lily samples collected from Yunnan，Zhejiang，Jiangxi，Shanghai，Guangdong and Hunan Provinces were detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）.The results showed that DMV，RYVV，PlAMV and LMoV were predominant and the positive detection rates of them were above 95%.The positive rate of FMV was higher than 85%，while that of CMV was the lowest，which was only positive in the samples from Kunming，Yunnan Province.DCMV and CsVMV were not detected in these samples.The mixed infection rate of lily virus was 100%，and 3-6 viruses were positive in a single sample，with a total of 6 mix types.The mixed infection of lily virus in Kunming，Yunnan Province was the most complicated.A single sample from Kunming was infected with 5-6 viruses.These results indicated that the detection rate and the mixed infection rate of lily viruses were both high in the detected areas. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor and detect the viruses that infected lily plants as early as possible to prevent the transmission of viruses and avoid economic losses.

Abstract:Heterologous expression is an efficient approach to activate silent gene clusters of bioactive natural products.The rare actinomycetes strain Amycolatopsis sp.TNS106 is a producer of ristomycin A，which exhibits fast growth， short fermentation time and convenient genetic manipulation system.In order to develop this strain into a heterologous expression host for biosynthetic gene clusters （BGCs），the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase gene （rpsA） essential for the ristomycin A biosynthesis was replaced with a cassette containing the bacterial attachment sites attB^ΦC31 and attB^ΦBT1 via homologous recombination to construct a host with a clean background of secondary metabolism and two integrative sites.To test the obtained strain HXR1，integrative plasmids containing actinorhodin BGC from Streptomyces coelicolor or spinosad BGC from Saccharopolyspora spinosa were conjugated into HXR1.The results of fermentation and product analyses showed that actinorhodin and spinosad were successfully produced in HXR1.Compared with the Sac. erythraea?derived host LJ161 belonging to the non-Streptomyces actinomycete host，the actinorhodin production from HXR1 was approximately 1 day earlier and 1.3-fold higher.The Amycolatopsis sp.TNS106-derived host HXR1 will provide a useful platform for accelerating the discovery of novel secondary metabolites from Streptomyces and rare actinomycetes.

Abstract:The previous studies in authors’ group indicated that an endophytic Fusarium lateritium from the Nothapodytes pittosporoides （Oliv.） plant may promote the growth and disease resistance of potato.In order to expand the application scope of this strain，tomato，which is also a Solanaceae crop，was used to study the effects of F. lateritium on the growth and disease resistance.The results showed that the plant height of tomato increased by 1.15 times compared with the control group after 50 days of root-soaking treatment with F. lateritium.The content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were 1.16 times and 1.47 times higher than that of the control group.The root biomass of the treatment was 1.38 times higher than that of the control，indicating that F. lateritium promotes the growth of tomato.The results of bioassay showed that the fusarium wilt disease index of tomato （45.16%） in the treatment group with F. lateritium was about 28.99% lower than that in the control group （74.15%），indicating that F. lateritium enhances the resistance of tomato to fusarium wilt.The expression patterns of key genes in the auxin synthesis，salicylic acid synthesis and jasmonic acid pathway of tomato were analyzed after 20，30 and 40 days of treatment.The results showed that the treatment affected the expression of key genes of plant hormones to different degrees.The GFP-labeled strain was further used for fluorescence colonization observation and the colonization rate was calculated by qPCR method.After 14 hours，the presence of F. hyphae was observed in the root system of tomato.The colonization rate of F. hyphae gradually increased with the extension of the treatment time within a certain period of time，indicating that F. lateritium can endogenously colonize the root system of tomato.In conclusion，it is speculated that F. lateritium can mediate the expression of phytohormone-related genes through the endogenous colonization in roots of tomato，thereby affecting the plant growth and disease resistance of tomato.

Abstract:Carotenoids are secondary metabolites and pigments widely existed in horticultural plants.They play an important role in the growth and development of plants and ornamental value.It is also a natural active substance with high-value， which is beneficial to human health.Therefore， the metabolic regulation of carotenoids has always been a research hotspot in horticultural plants.The differences in the components and contents of carotenoid are one of the important reasons for the diversity of color and nutritional value of horticultural plants.Analyzing the molecular mechanism of the formation of high-quality traits is the premise and basis for directional improvement.To date， the metabolic pathway of plant carotenoids has been clarified.A large number of studies have shown that mutations of promoters and coding regions in metabolic pathways are the key factors causing the diversity of carotenoid metabolism.This article reviewed the strategies of studying the genetic mechanism of carotenoid variation in horticultural plants， the types of variation in promoters and coding regions， and the effects of variation on carotenoid metabolism.It will provide a theoretical basis for the directional improvement of carotenoids in horticultural plants.

Abstract:Five different varieties of fresh tomatoes planted in the demonstration base of the Institute of Vegetable Research， Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences were used to analyze the dynamic changes of fruit color， hardness， and quality indexes including vitamin C， soluble sugar， titratable acid， lycopene， and minerals during the ripening to explore the dynamic quality changes of fresh tomato during the growing period and to guide cultivation and establish suitable harvest period. The results showed that the hardness decreased from 3 000-4 000 g to 1 000-2 000 g， the peel red color gradually deepened， the lycopene increased to about 0.016 mg/g during the ripening of fruit. The content of soluble solids， vitamin C， glucose and fructose all showed a change pattern of first increase and then decrease， and reached the maximum value at the stage of hard-ripening. The sugar-acid ratio and soluble sugar generally showed a gradual upward trend. The content of soluble protein， titratable acid and malic acid showed a gradually decreasing trend. There were significant differences in the content of certain minerals in the same variety of tomato in different growth periods as well. It is indicated that the hard-ripening stage is the most suitable harvest period for fresh tomatoes. The sugar-acid ratio， the content of fructose and soluble protein of NT31 tomato areabout 7.5， 15.0 mg/g， 17.0 mg/g，respectively， which has higher nutritional and commercial values.

Abstract:In order to improve the prediction accuracy of dissolved oxygen in pond，and improve the lag of prediction results，this study proposed an improved long short-term memory （ILSTM） model based on empirical mode decomposition （EMD） and K-means clustering.A combination of Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis was used to extract features from the original data，EMD was used to decompose dissolved oxygen，and the selected environmental parameters were combined with each component of dissolved oxygen to generate a sample set to be clustered by K-means.The corresponding ILSTM prediction models were established for different decomposition components in the same kind，and the hyperparameters were selected by grid search，five-fold cross-validation and early stop method.The dissolved oxygen in the future 1 h pond was predicted and compared with models of LSTM，ILSTM，LSTM-SVR，EMD-LSTM，and EMD-ILSTM.The results showed that the RMSE，MAE and MAPE decreased by 50.46%，63.20% and 68.96%，respectively，compared with the LSTM model，which proved that the ILSTM model could alleviate the prediction lag of the traditional LSTM model.Compared with ILSTM model，RMSE，Mae and MAPE of EMD-ILSTM model，decreased by 53.22%，46.74% and 38.19% respectively，which proved that EMD Algorithm can improve the prediction accuracy.The RMSE，MAE and MAPE of the EMD-KILSTM model were 0.109 9 mg/L，0.074 9 mg/L and 9.327 8%，respectively，and its RMSE，MAE and MAPE decreased by 4.35%，7.42% and 8.09%，respectively，compared with the EMD-ILSTM model，which proved that K-means clustering could improve the prediction accuracy and the EMD-KILSTM model was the best one among the compared models.The above results show that the EMD-KILSTM model can deeply analyze the characteristics of dissolved oxygen from both time scale and historical environmental categories，and has higher prediction accuracy and better generalization ability，which provides scientific basis for intelligent water quality control.

Abstract:In order to explore the molecular characteristics of the interleukin-22 （IL-22） gene in channel catfish （Ictalurus punctatus） and its response to different pathogenic microorganisms，the coding sequence （CDS） of IL?22 was cloned by PCR amplification，and the distribution of IL?22 mRNA in different tissues and under different stimulate were monitored by quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR）.The results showed that the CDS of IL?22 was 534 bp in length and encoded 177 amino acids.Multiple alignment and analysis of amino acid sequence showed that IL?22 was highly conserved in evolution of fish and vertebrates.qRT-PCR results showed that IL?22 was widely distributed in 10 tissues of channel catfish，with the highest expression in the hindgut and the lowest in the heart.After stimulation for 24-48 h，IL?22 was up-regulated by Poly（I：C） and LPS stimulation，and down-regulated by PHA and PMA stimulation in the channel catfish kidney cells.The bacteria，virus injection and cypermethrin immersion experiments showed that the expression of IL?22 in the gill，skin，hindgut，spleen，trunk kidney and head kidney was up-regulated overall.The above results showed that the expression patterns of IL?22 in different tissues under different stimulate are different，and this gene can participate and play a key role in mucosal and various immune responses.

Abstract:The two-component system （TCS） FlrBC mutant strains ΔflrB and ΔflrC were constructed via homologous recombination using Aeromonas hydrophila ZYAH72 as the wild-type strain. Then，differences in polar-flagellum synthesis，swimming motility，biofilm formation，exopolysaccharide secretion，adhesion ability and the resistance against whole-blood killing of the above strains were compared to investigate the function of FlrBC in A. hydrophila. The results showed that similar to the wild-type strain，both ΔflrB and ΔflrC could form polar flagellum，and there was no significant difference in swimming motility. However，crystal violet staining test revealed that the biofilm formation capacity of ΔflrB and ΔflrC decreased by 27.2% and 22.3%，respectively. The result of Congo red test showed that compared with the wild-type strain，the exopolysaccharide secretion of ΔflrB and ΔflrC decreased by 18.4% and 14.2%，respectively. The qRT-PCR results showed that the deletion of flrB and flrC inhibited the gene expression of flagellar synthesis and biofilm-related pathway. After co-incubation with grass carp CIK cells，the adhesion rate of ΔflrB and ΔflrC decreased by 23.2% and 18.2% respectively compared with the wild-type strain. The results of whole blood killing assay showed that the ability of ΔflrB and ΔflrC to resist whole blood killing was significantly reduced. The above results show that TCS FlrBC is not required for the formation of polar flagella in A. hydrophila，but plays a regulatory role in bacterial flagella assembly and biofilm formation，and affects the pathogenicity of A. hydrophila.

Abstract:In order to investigate the deodorization effect of ozone flotation rinsing on silver carp surimi， the surimi were prepared by conventional rinsing and ozone flotation rinsing，respectively. The volatile components of surimi were determined by the electronic nose combined with headspace-solid phase micro-extraction-gas chromatography （HS-SPME-GC-MS）. The ROAV analysis was used to determine the extent of contribution of specific volatile components to the odour of the silver carp surimi in order to find the source of its fishy odour. The results showed that a total of 24 volatile substances were detected in the silver carp surimi. The volatile components were less in surimi by ozone floatation rinsing than those by conventional rinsing. The relative content of fishy components were reduced， such as hexanal， heptanal， nonanal， decanal and 1-octene-3-ol，but 1-methyl-4-nitromethyl-piperidine and 5-methyl-2-phenyl-indole which are associated with the fishy odour， were not detected. The PCA analysis result of the electronic nose was consistent with the HS-SPME-GC-MS results. In conclusion， ozone flotation rinsing of surimi can effectively reduce the fishy odour of surimi compared with conventional rinsing， and the rinsing time should be controlled in the range of 10-15 min.

Abstract:The effects of different recovered sarcoplasmic proteins （SP） （HSP，recovered by heating flocculation； PHSP，recovered by pH-shifting flocculation； PHCSP，recovered by pH-shifting/chitosan flocculation） on the protein denaturation，protein oxidation，lipid oxidation and gel performance of sliver carp surimi during the freeze-thawing cycles were studied. The results showed that the addition of SP recovered by different methods all could inhibit the decrease of salt-soluble protein content，Ca²⁺ -ATPase activity，total sulfhydryl content and the increase of surface hydrophobicity of freeze-thawed surimi.And HSP showed the best performance among these three SP.The results of protein carbonyl content showed that the addition of SP could protect surimi from protein oxidation during freeze-thaw cycles.However，compared with pure surimi，the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances （TBARs） value and pH value of the surimi added with different recovered SP did not change significantly.In addition，with the increase of the number of freeze-thaw cycles，the gel quality of surimi deteriorated seriously.PHCSP could protect the sliver carp surimi from the gel degradation of freeze-thaw treatments.

Abstract:Grass carp （Ctenopharyngodon idellus） in two farming modes were selected as materials，the differences between the muscle quality （color，texture，and cooking loss），nutritional components （composition of amino acids and fatty acids），and flavor properties （free amino acids，free fatty acids，nucleotide and its degradation products，and volatile aroma compounds） were analyzed to explore the influence of aquaculture mode on the nutritional quality and eating quality of grass carp. Compared with ordinary pond farming，planting grass farming improved the color，textural properties，water holding capacity and mouthfeel of grass carp muscle. The muscle from grass carp cultured by planting grass contained higher essential amino acids and n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA，enhancing the nutritional quality of grass carp. Additionally，the contents of odorous compounds such as 1-hexanol，nonanal，1-octen-3-ol and octanal were significantly lower in grass carp cultured by planting grass than those in the grass carp cultured in ordinary pond. Moreover，the contents of amino acids with umami and sweet tastes were higher in grass carp cultured by planting grass，improving the edible quality of grass carp. In conclusion，grass carp cultured by planting grass owned better nutritional and edible qualities than that by ordinary pond farming.

Abstract:A liquid particle counter was developed with electrical resistance method and a method of detecting heavy metal Cu²⁺ combined with the click chemistry method to solve the problems including the complicated operation，long cycle of detection and high cost of detection existed in the current methods of detecting heavy metals in water quality. A model for identifying the particle size and a model for particle counting were established. A particle counting software based on LabVIEW was developed. A rapid method of detecting Cu²⁺ in water was realized by using polystyrene microspheres as detection probes and particle counters as detection platforms. The results showed that the relative error of particle size identification and particle counting was less than 5% and 10%，indicating that the accuracy of particle counting meets the requirements. When the concentration of Cu²⁺ was 10-1 000 μmol/L，there was a good linear correlation between the number of polystyrene microspheres and the concentration of Cu²⁺. The average recovery rate was between 87.85% and 101.08%. The detection limit was 2.29 μmol/L. The time of detection was about 4 min. Compared with the traditional method of detecting Cu²⁺，the method of detecting Cu²⁺ with a liquid particle counter based on the electrical resistance method has the advantages of simple operation，fast speed of detection，high sensitivity and low cost of detection.