Abstract:Bacterial drug resistance has become the focus of interdisciplinary studies. Nanotechnology can improve the pharmacokinetics of drugs in the application of drug delivery system (drug delivery systems,DDSs) because of its unique physical and chemical properties,which provides a new strategy to deal with the global bacterial resistance. As a drug carrier,the ideal nanoparticles must have a high drug loading,transport the drug to a specific pathological site and/or target cells,do not leak the drug,and release the drug quickly at the site of action. Therefore,people actively seek a variety of “intelligent” nano-drug release systems,which can respond to internal or external stimuli to achieve controllable drug release including pH,redox,temperature,magnetism and light. In this paper,the advances in the field of intelligent antibacterial drug delivery stimulated by pH,temperature,light and enzyme and other intrinsic or exogenous factors are reviewed.

Abstract:To understand the relationship between volatile profiles and ABA content changes in citrus juice sacs,the juice sacs of three pairs of seed/seedless loose-skin mandarin,pummelo and sweet orange were separated,cultured in vitro on medium and treated with 100 μmol/L ABA.After being incubated for 10 d at room temperature,the volatile profiles in the juice sacs were thus detected via gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry.The results showed that ABA treatment had significant dual effects on the contents of monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids in the juice sacs of Huanong Red pummelo:δ-elemene,β-cubebene,β-ylangene and β-elemene were significantly higher than those of the control,while the elemene isomer and caryophyllene were significantly reduced; while the contents of sesquiterpenoids such as β-copaene and epicubebol were reduced to non-detectable levels in Newhall navel orange. After ABA treatment,four substances (β-myrcene,γ-terpinene,germacrene D and (2Z,5Z)-2,5-pentadecadiene-1-ol) were newly detected in Guoqing No.1 Satsuma mandarin,whilst D-limonene and β-elemene increased by 10 folds; the contents of β-myrcene and dihydro-3-methylene-2,5-furandione were significantly reduced in seedless Guanximiyou pummelo in ABA treated juice sacs.ABA treatment had no significant effect on volatile profiles in juice sacs of Huanongbendizao mandarin and Early-Gold sweet orange.Collectively,it indicates that ABA treatment did affect the volatile profile in citrus,especially monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids,the effect on the aroma quality of the fruit varies with germplasm,but no clear correlation with the existence of seeds or not.

Abstract:The present study investigated the effects of different temperatures (4℃,25℃ and 35℃) and pH (4.8,5.8 and 6.8) on citric acid content and related gene expression in satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu cv. Guoqing No.1) juice sacs under in vitro. The results showed that low-temperature increased the citric acid content in citrus juice sacs and decreased the expression of ACOs and ACLβ1. High-temperature had no significant influence on citric acid content,but increased the expression of CSs and ACLβ1,and decreased the expression of ACO1,ACO2,ACLα1,and CsPH8. Low pH had no significant effect on citric acid content but increased the expression of CSs,ACOs, and ACLs,while high pH treatment increased the citric acid content and CSs expression in citrus juice sacs,and decreased the expression of ACLα2. It is indicated that the effects of temperatures and pH on citric acid content in the in vitro culture system of citrus juice sacs is mainly related to the changes in the expression levels of genes for the synthesis and degradation of citric acid.

Abstract:In order to study the effects of Citrus Huanglongbing infection on the fruit qualities of Citrus reticulata cv. chachiensis, the differences of flavonoids and volatiles between the infected and normal fruits (180 days after full bloom) were compared with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that contents of 4 polymethoxyflavones such as tangeretin and 39 volatiles including α-pinene and octanal were significantly increased in the infected peels while contents of 16 volatiles including N-methyl n-methylanthranilate and copaene significantly decreased. contents of 2 polymethoxyflavones such as nobiletin and 27 volatiles including D-limonene and β-linalool in the pulp were significantly decreased at the same time. It is indicated that infection of Huanglongbing may significantly affect the secondary metabolism in the peel and pulp of the Citrus reticulata cv. chachiensis, and thus change its bitterness and aroma quality, which may be related to its susceptibility defense response mechanism.

Abstract:Changes of volatile profile in Mangshanyegan fruit peels at 5 different developmental stages were investigated to study the formation mechanism of the specific aroma in Mangshanyegan fruit and reveal the metabolism of volatile substances during fruit development. The results showed that 94 volatile components belonging to 14 classes including 40 monoterpenoids and 40 sesquiterpenoids were identified in Mangshanyegan peel. The metabolic spectrum of volatile substances changed greatly during development. 21 components are below the detection limit at different developmental stages. The total amount of volatile substances in maturity was only 76.93% of the peak period,105 d (DAF105) after anthesis reached the peak,and DAF135 is the lowest. The content of monoterpenes accounted for 86.10%-95.21% of the total amount,whereas,meranzin sesquiterpenes and diterpenes accounted for only 0.11%-11.00%. D-Limonene and β-myrcene were the main monoterpenes. Monoterpenoids had an increasing trend before 105 days after anthesis and gradually decreased after that,the opposite of the changes in the content of sesquiterpenoids. 

Abstract:The volatiles of mature (180 days after full bloom) Korla Pear fruit were extracted with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME),respectively. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of volatiles were performed in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The composition of volatiles in different tissues was compared with the basis of screening suitable volatiles extraction methods. The results showed that the effect of extracting volatiles from Korla Pear with HS-SPME was better than that of MTBE. 15 compounds were detected with MTBE-GC-MS,while no esters,aromatic hydrocarbons nor ketones were detected. 98 compounds mainly including aldehydes,esters,alcohols and terpenes were detected with HS-SPME-GC-MS. (E)-2-hexenal,hexanal,α-farnesene,1-nonanol,hexyl acetate were the main volatiles. Volatiles in the peel were more than that in the pulp. 32 compounds were unique in the peel. The results of the primary metabolites analyzed with GC-MS showed that 17 sugars including fructose,glucose and sorbitol,and 8 organic acids such as malic acid were detected in the pulp. The sugar/acid ratio was 71.49.

Abstract:By taking diploid Korla Pear and its naturally occurring triploid as research materials,headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were employed to evaluate the volatile profiles in the peel and the pulp,as well as soluble sugars,organic acids and free amino acids in the pulp. As the result,total volatile concentrations in the triploid Korla Pear increased by 33% in the peel compared with the control with the decreased compounds,and the volatile aldehydes increased from 69.74% to 74.40%. In the pulp,there was no significant change in the total volatile content,but 9 compounds were newly detected. Along with the stable contents of sucrose and fructose,the proportions of D-(-)-fructofuranose,D-fructose,D-(-)-fructose and sucrose increased by 4.62%,1.59% 1.28% and 0.68%,respectively; malic acid,quinic acid and citric acid in the triploid pulp are lower than those in the diploid; while 4 free amino acids were under detection levels. Therefore,the volatile and primary metabolites profiles in the triploid pear peel have significant changed,which can lead to changes in the flavor and taste of the pear. 

Abstract:Poncirus trifoliate L. was used to be treated with normal calcium (1.23 mmol/L) and deficient calcium (0 mmol/L) levels. The hydroponics results showed that deficient calcium treatment reduced the root biomass and the extraction rate of root cell wall. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD,CAT,POD,APX) decreased by 31.96%,71.27%,35.91% and 45.70%,respectively. Calcium deficiency significantly decreased total calcium,cell wall calcium,chelated pectin calcium and alkali-soluble pectin calcium in root. Among which,the content of chelated pectin and alkali-soluble pectin in root cell wall decreased by 35.16% and 40.51%,respectively. Results of XRD analyses showed that calcium deficiency had little effect on the crystallinity of cellulose in root cell wall. Under deficient calcium condition,the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the content of pectin in root cell wall decreased dramatically,resulting in the loss of the ability of cell wall to resist calcium deprivation and the failure of cell wall to maintain its normal function,thus seriously hindering the growth of trifoliate rootstock root.

Abstract:Based on the 12 treatments of Chinese milk vetch （Astragalus sinicus L.）and straw returning under different levels of chemical fertilizer on field in Wuhan City,Hubei Province,combined with laboratory culture experiment of adding 2% and 4% Chinese milk vetch,the effects of Chinese milk vetch returning (MV),rice straw returning (S) and chemical fertilizer reduction (40%-100% NPK) on soil nutrient and active organic carbon in the surface layer (0-20 cm) of paddy soil were investigated. Compared with the control treatment of no MV,no S and non-fertilizing,the use of reduced chemical fertilizers with MV and S could effectively increase soil organic matter,alkali nitrogen and particulate organic carbon,which increased by 3.98%-46.49%,4.46%-35.88% and 3.59%-35.77%,respectively. The content of available phosphorus and potassium in the soil treated with MV only was significantly reduced,while it was significantly increased after S and chemical fertilizer treatments. The soil nutrient contents were the highest at treatment of 80% NPK. Adding 2% and 4% of Chinese milk vetch indoor culture could effectively improve the soil pH,organic matter,available nitrogen,available potassium and particulate organic carbon contents,and they were increased with the adding amount of Chinese milk vetch.

Abstract:The effects of condensed molasses soluble (CMS) on seed germination and seedling growth of rice were analyzed by seed germination and hydroponic culture experiments at seedling stage. Results showed that different concentrations of CMS had no significant effect on rice germination rate. But when the concentration of CMS exceeded 0.15 g/L,it inhibited rice growth. Results of hydroponics experiments at the seedling stage of rice showed that excessive CMS applied on the basis of normal nutrition significantly increased the root diameter,decreased root length and volume,inhibited the accumulation of phosphorus in root and shoot,and dramatically increased POD,CAT activity and MDA content roots of rice. Results of pot culture experiments showed that when 10 g per pot CMS was applied on the basis of half normal fertilization,the yield per plant of rice increased by 143% and 44% respectively compared with that of non-fertilizer and 1/2 normal fertilization only. However,the application of CMS on the basis of normal fertilization had no effect on rice yield. It is indicated that a certain amount of CMS can increase rice yield under deficient nutrient conditions,but cannot increase rice yield under sufficient nutrition conditions.

Abstract:Based on the long-term fertilization experiment station in Shenyang Agriculture University,denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) was used to explore the dynamics of soil physicochemical properties and the abundance and diversity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) with seasons under different fertilization treatments,including no fertilizer (CK),low level of nitrogen (N) fertilizer (N2),high level of N fertilizer (N4) and organic fertilizer combined with inorganic N fertilizer (M2N2). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the effects of long term fertilization on the AOB and provide the theoretical foundations for rational fertilization in this region. The results showed that,compared with CK treatment,the application of organic or inorganic fertilizers increased the contents of soil ammonium N (NH4+-N) and nitrate N (NO3--N) and decreased the soil pH value. The AOB abundance of soil sampled in April was the highest among the 3 sampled time points (April,July and November). The use of inorganic N fertilizer decreased the total bacterial abundance and AOB diversity,while the organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer would contribute to the stability of soil total bacterial abundance. Redundant analysis(RDA) revealed that NH4+-N significantly affected the population diversity of AOB,and the seasonal variation played an important role in shaping AOB population structure. Generally,the seasonal variation and the long-term fertilization regime caused the changes in soil characteristics,which led to the difference in the quantity and community structure of AOB. Compared with inorganic N fertilizer,organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer would contribute to the stability of soil AOB abundance.

Abstract:The methanol extract from the Aconitum kusnezoffii Rchb. was isolated with system solvent method and the stomach toxicity of the four extracts on Lymantria dispar was determined with feed toxicity method. Then the effects of ethyl acetate extract from A. kusnezoffii on activities of the detoxification enzyme,protective enzyme and digestive enzyme in Lymantria dispar larvae were studied. The results showed that ethyl acetate extract from A. kusnezoffii had obvious insecticidal activity against gypsy moth and was the main insecticidal active substance. After treated with ethyl acetate extract from A. kusnezoffii at a dose of sub-concentration (LC20),the activities of carboxylesterase,glutathione S-transferases and acetylcholinesterase in the body showed continuous inhibition. The inhibition rate of acetylcholinesterase after 72 h treatment was 50.6% of the control,which was extremely significant (P＜0.01). The activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase,and peroxidase were first activated and then inhibited. The activation rate of catalase was extremely significant (P＜0.01) at 24 h treatment,which was 1.613 times of the control. The inhibition rate of superoxide dismutase at 72 h treatment was 84.2% of the control,which was also extremely significant (P＜0.01). The activities of lipase and amylase were consistently inhibited,with the inhibition rate of lipase at 72 h of 53.9% of the control,which was extremely significant (P＜0.01). The protease activity was inhibited after activation,with the activation at 24 h treatment of 1.431 times of the control,which was extremely significant (P＜0.01). The protease activity was inhibited at 72 h with 90.4% of the control,which was significant (P＜0.05). It is indicated that ethyl acetate extract from A. kusnezoffii affects detoxification enzymes,protective enzymes and digestive enzymes of gypsy moth larvae,and disturbs its normal physiological metabolism.

Abstract:In order to study the effects of toys on the behavior and reproductive performance of sows during the early stage of pregnancy,51 pairs of French purebred large white gestation sows with the same genetic background and similar expected date of birth (3±1.5 d) were divided in 3 groups (17 in each group):the control group with no toys and two repeated groups with treatment of toys. The results showed that:(1) On the 6th day after the start of the experiment,the degree of skin damage in the toy group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.01). (2) On the 25th day of the experiment,the length of sitting in the toy group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.01),on the 11th day of the experiment,the times of drinking water in the toy group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05) and the frequency and duration of no chewing of the sows in the toy group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). (3) Pregnant sows had a preference for welfare toys in the order of straw＞chain＞pine＞smell wood＞ordinary wood＞gunny sack. (4) The number of stillbirths in the toy group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05). The results of this study indicate that welfare toys can improve the behavior and reproductive capacity of group-raised pregnant sows and alleviate the stress of pregnant sows.

Abstract:The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of backfat thickness (BF) on reproduction performance in Landrace×Yorkshire primiparous sow at different gestation stages under intensive and large-scale feeding management mode. A total of 522 Landrace×Yorkshire primiparous sows with similar weight were selected and bred during the second estrus. The thickness of back fat was measured on the day of insemination,30,60,90,and 110 days after insemination (dai). Then,reproductive performance data such as total number of born (TNB),number of born alive (NBA),number of healthy born (NHB),number of weak born (NWB),number of stillbirths (NS),litter weight at birth (LWB)，weight per piglet (WPP) was recorded. The results showed that maintaining 16-18 mm BF before 60 dai and 18-20 mm BF after 60 dai had a significant role in promoting reproductive performance in Landrace×Yorkshire primiparous sow. When the thickness of BF was＞6 mm during the whole gestation period,TNB and NHB were significantly lower than that of pregnant sows with BF＜2 mm,2-4 mm and 4-6 mm. When the BF was 2-4 mm,NHB was the highest (10.96±2.02),and LWB was the largest. The BF thickness at 110 dai and its growth during the whole pregnancy were negatively correlated with TNB,NBA,and NHB (P＜0.05). Taken together,in actual production,the BF should be maintained at 16-18 mm before 60 dai and 18-20 mm after 60 dai by differentiated feeding program according to BF condition and avoid excessive growth of BF thicker than 6 mm by controlling the feeding volume during the whole gestation,so as to achieve the maximum productivity of the primiparous sows.

Abstract:In this study,the inter-subfamily hybridization of female Megalobrama amblycephala and male Elopichthys bambusa was conducted to obtain the F1 hybrid offspring. Morphological characters of M. amblycephala,E. bambusa and their hybrid offspring were compared and analyzed. The results showed that most morphometric characters of the hybrid fish were closer to those of female parent M. amblycephala. Meristic characters,including the dorsal fin spines,pectoral fin spines,ventral fin spines and anal fin spines of the hybrid fish were consistent with those of both female and male parent. However,for the other characters,such as dorsal fin rays,ventral fin rays,anal fin rays,scale number on lateral line,transversal scales (upper) number,transversal scales (lower) number and swim bladder sacs,the hybrid fish were closer to female parent M. amblycephala than male parent E. bambusa. In addition,we amplified and analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of M. amblycephala (♀) ×E. bambusa (♂),which is 16 623 bp in length. The overall nucleotide composition was 31.23% A,16.19% G,24.69% T and 27.90% C,with an A+T content of 55.92%. The whole mitogenome contained 13 protein-coding genes,2 rRNA,22 tRNA,and a D-loop region. Phylogenetic analysis showed that M. amblycephala (♀) × E. bambusa (♂) had closer relationship with female parent M. amblycephala than male parent E. bambusa.

Abstract:Four members,jph1a,jphb, jph2 and jph3,of the junctophilin family were isolated and characterized in Megalobrama amblycephala,an important freshwater fish. The jph1a,jph1b, jph2 and jph3 cDNA contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 2 031 bp,2 016 bp,2 358 bp and 2 361 bp,encoding 676 aa,671 aa,785 aa and 786 aa,respectively. Structure analysis showed that all the M. amblycephala jphs consisted of 5 exons and 4 introns,which is consistent with that of other species. All the 4 M. amblycephala Jph proteins were composed of 8 MORN motifs and a TM motif,and multiple sequence alignment showed that these MORN and TM domains were highly conserved. Based on quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), the 4 jph genes exhibited tissue-specific expression,of which jph1a,jph1b,and jph2 were abundant in the muscle and heart,and jph3 was mainly expressed in the heart,blood and brain. During early development,the jph1a,jph1b, jph2 and jph3 mRNA levels peaked at the gastrula stage,heartbeat stage and 25 dph (days post hatching),respectively. These results suggest that Jphs may play important roles in some tissues such as the heart and muscle,and may have more extensive functions in fish compared to mammals.

Abstract:As the widely commercial Chinese perch species in China,the unique feeding habits and feeding regulation mechanism of Chinese perch have always been the focus of many scientific researchers. Taking Siniperca chuatsi,a carnivorous fish,as the research object,the peptide YY (PYY) gene was analyzed and identified,and the effect of PYY polypeptide on feeding of Chinese perch was studied by intracerebroventricular (icv) administration. The results showed that the full length cDNA of Chinese perch PYY (sc-PYY) encodes a precursor protein that consists of a putative 28-amino acid signalpeptide,a 36-amino acid mature peptide,an amidation-proteolytic site,and a 30-amino acid carboxy-terminalextension. The sc-PYY gene is comprised of 4 exons interspaced by 3 introns. Amino acid alignment and gene structure comparison indicated that the amino acid sequences of PYY are highly conserved. Among the fishes studied,the consistency of sc-PYY with that of seabass and Japanese pufferfish was higher. Tissue distribution and postprandial changes of the sc-PYY mRNA expression were evaluated by real-time PCR,which showed that the sc-PYY mRNA had the highest expression in the brain,followed by high expression in the intestinal tract,muscles and eyes. The PYY icv results showed that after icv treatment,the food intake of PYY injection group decreased significantly at 4 h compared with control group (PBS). This indicated that PYY might play an important role in the regulation of food intake of Chinese perch.

Abstract:The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of glucose and reproduction hormones regulating the reproductive follicles through correlation analysis of glucose,reproduction hormones (FSH,LH and 17β-E2) and their receptor genes expression in ovine follicles of different diameter follicles. Sample follicles were placed in three groups according to their diameter:small (S:2.0-3.4 mm),medium (M:3.5-5.4 mm) and large (L:＞5.5 mm),and follicles fluid and granulose cells (GCs) in each group were collected. The apoptosis of GCs in different antrum follicles was detected by annextinV-FITC,the content of glucose,FSH,LH and 17β-E2 in small,medium and large follicles was detected by radioimmunoassay,and the expression of FSHR,LHR and G6Pase in GCs from different antrum follicles were determined by qRT-PCR technique. There was no significant difference in granulosa cell apoptosis (P＞0.05) among groups,while with the increasing of ovine follicle diameter,the content of glucose,FSH,LH and 17β-E2 in follicular fluid were increased,and the transcription levels of FSHR,LHR,and G6Pase genes were extremely significantly increased in GCs (P＜0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between glucose content and FSH in different follicles,and only a significant positive correlation with LH content in large follicles (P＜0.05). In addition,the glucose content was significantly positively correlated with the expression of FSHR and G6Pase genes,and significantly positively correlated with the expression of LHR in only large follicles (P＜0.05). With the growth of ovine follicles,the content of glucose,reproductive hormones and their expression of related receptor genes were significantly correlated,suggesting that they were involved in the regulation of follicular development.

Abstract:Taking the handle of a hand-held rice transplanter and the arm of a vibration receiver as the research object,the hand-transmitted vibration of the hand-held rice transplanter under two different working conditions was evaluated by using the method of daily vibration exposure based on the total vibration value. The results of calculation showed that the daily vibration exposure of the hand-held rice transplanter was 2.442 m/s2,meeting the requirements of the EU directive. The results of analyzing the vibration response and transmission characteristics of human arm showed that when the vibration at the handle of the hand-held rice transplanter was transmitted to the arm under two working conditions,the vibration was gradually attenuated. When operating the hand -held rice transplanter,the wrist absorbed the most vibration energy. The hand had poor absorption of vibration energy around 8-16 Hz and 100 Hz. Considering that the middle frequency vibration around 100 Hz is the main cause of Raynaud’s disease,the medium frequency vibration of about 100 Hz should be the focus of research and control of the hand-transmitted vibration of the transplanter in the future.

Abstract:In order to realize the rapid,non-destructive,real-time and high-efficiency detection of corn seedling leaf area,a machine vision-based corn seedling leaf area detection device was designed and built.The detecting device is composed of a frame,a light source device,a jacking rotation system,an image acquisition and analysis system,a detection device control system,and the like.The real-time collection and analysis processing of the top view image and the side view image of the corn seedling were completed by the cooperation of the respective parts,and the corn seedlings leaf area was calculated.The results of the device performance tested with corn seedlings showed that when the device was fully loaded and the moving speed of the camera in the X direction and the Y direction was 830 mm/s and 32 mm/s,respectively.The average running time of the detecting device in the top view mode and the side view mode was 190 s and 355 s,respectively.The total detection time was 545 s,with the average time of single corn seedling of 34 s.The average positioning accuracy of the camera was 92% and 90%,respectively.The positioning accuracy was higher.The Pearson correlation coefficients between the leaf area of the top view,the main view and the left view with the actual leaf area of the corn seedlings were 0.901,0.767 and 0.786,respectively.The leaf area of corn seedlings detected by the device was highly correlated with the actual leaf area.It is indicated that the device can meet the needs of batch detection of the leaf area of corn seedlings.

Abstract:The interval meshing involute gear fertilizer apparatus was designed to solve the problems of uneven discharging of outer-groove fertilizer apparatus. Based on theoretical analysis,the fertilizer discharging process has been simulated by the discrete element method to study the effects of the structural parameters of fertilizer wheel on the uniformity of discharging performance. The orthogonal optimization test using the tooth number,interval and pressure angle of gear tooth of the fertilizer wheel as test factors and the variation coefficient of the uniformity of fertilizer discharging as test index was conducted. The results showed that three factors affecting index was in the order of tooth number > interval > pressure angle. The tooth number had significant influence on the uniformity of fertilizer discharging (P<0.05).The optimal structural parameters of fertilizer wheel included the tooth number of 12,6 mm interval,25° gear pressure angle. The minimum variation coefficient of the uniformity of fertilizer discharging of fertilizer apparatus is 17.59%. The interval meshing involute gear fertilizer apparatus with optimal structure parameters was trial-developed and experimented. The results showed that relative error of the fertilizer discharging mass of the test with theoretical value,simulation value the variation coefficient of the test was -0.95%,-2.41%,and 19.01%,respectively. The results were basically consistent with the simulation result. The variation coefficient of outer groove wheel fertilizer apparatus was 31.96%. The variation coefficient of the test was 12.95 percentage point,smaller than that of outer groove wheel fertilizer apparatus. The results meet design requirements and will provide references for the optimization of fertilizer apparatus.

Abstract:A model was established based on the total flight distance and redundant coverage of agricultural UAV to solve the problems of agricultural UAV’s plant protection operation in irregular area. Taking the heading angle of UAV’s plant protection operation as the optimization objective and considering the situation of obstacles,the application model was solved by the method of fusion of differential evolution algorithm and quantum annealing algorithm. The implementation of the algorithm was analyzed and MATLAB simulation test was conducted. The results showed that the total flight distance was reduced by 101.52 m and 73.00 m. The turning path was reduced by 43.02 m and 43.10 m. The redundant coverage was reduced by 22.35% and 12.79%,compared with that of the unplanned and differential evolution algorithm in the set farmland environment without obstacles according to the planning. The total flight distance was reduced by 73.24 m and 24.54 m. The turning path was reduced by 52.50 m and 12.72 m. The redundant coverage was reduced by 72.34% and 23.52%,and other indicators was reduced as well. The simulation results showed that DEQA algorithm can plan the path of farmland area. It will provide technical support for planning the path of agricultural UAV.