Abstract:Three varieties including Quanliangyou 681,Quanyouhuazhan and Huanghuazhan with different methods of seeding and fertilization were used to investigate the tiller characteristics and yield of direct-seeded rice.Results showed that the primary leaf position of emerging tillers was during from 1/0 to 6/0.The rate of emerging tillers is pretty higher when the leaf position is during from 3/0 to 6/0.The secondary tilling position is 2/1,3/1 and 2/2.The emerging rate of secondary tillers is higher in the 3/1.These leaf positions ranged from 2/0 to 5/0,account for the panicle rate of primary tillers.Two leaf positions( 2/1,3/1 ) dominate panicle rate of secondary tillers.The rate of emerging tillers of mechanical seeding rice is higher than that of artificial seeding rice.The panicle rate of mechanical seeding rice is much higher compared with that of artificial seeding rice.The rate of emerging tillers and panicles is of a high level with four times fertilization.At the main growth stage,the dry matter accumulation and net accumulation is higher when rice was seeded mechanically under four times fertilization.From stage of tillering to jointing,the chlorophyll content decreased and was higher in the rice sowed mechanically with four times fertilization.The panicle of mechanical seeding rice had an advantage over the rice seeded artificially.The panicle characteristics of direct-seeded with four times fertilization had a better performance.The difference of yield under various treatments was significant(P＜0.01).The yield of mechanical seeding rice was significantly higher than that of artificial seeding rice(P＜0.05).The rice yield under four times fertilization was significantly higher than that of direct-seeded rice with 3 times fertilization (P＜0.05).The tendency of other yield components is in accordance with yield except for effective panicles.It is indicated that the tiller characteristics with different seeding and fertilization methods differs obviously.The mechanical seeding rice and rice with four times fertilization is useful for panicle rate of emerging tillers,chlorophyll content,dry matter accumulation,panicle traits and yield.

Abstract:Morphological diversity and clustering analysis of 50 cassava germplasm resources collected from 6 places in the Philippines country,Yunnan and Hainan provinces were analyzed with morphological markers.The results showed that among the morphological variation coefficient of cassava germplasm resources in Yunnan,vein color had the highest variation with 85.5%; the second was storage root concentration with 75.76%; the lowest was middle crack length with 9.33%.The middle of the crack length had the largest diversity index with 5.64 and the smallest one was rotten situation with 2.58.The average index was 5.34,overall showing a high genetic diversity.The results of clustering analysis showed that the genetic distance ranged from zero to 1.22,with the average of 0.80.The genetic diversity between the materials tested was rich and the genetic difference was significant.Fifty cassava germplasm resources were divided into 6 categories at Euclidean distance of 1.00.Clade Ⅰis consisted of 33 materials,9 of them had high starch content and 8 of them had high fresh root weight.Among them SC11 had the highest starch content of 36.7% with special leaves.Clade Ⅱ included 12 materials with low starch content,3 of them had high fresh weight.Clade Ⅲwas made up of 2 materials mainly with high fresh root weight.Clade Ⅳ material F876 had higher starch content of 29.78% and highest fresh root yield of 238.5 t/hm2.Clade Ⅴ material GR024-7 had higher fresh root yield of 145.5 t/hm2.Clade Ⅵ was material H502.The genetic relationship was the closest between S4 and E361,followed by F556 and F821.F876,GR024 and H502 were far from other germplasm,although GR024 and H502 had close genetic relationship and similar characters.It will provide the reference for selecting cassava breeding parent and promoting the utilization/innovation of cassava germplasm resources in Yunnan Province.

Abstract:Nanfeng tangerine（Citrus reticulata cv. Kinokuni） trees were pruned by long handle circular sawing machine and hedge shear in summer to investigate the effects of pruning methods on the flowering and fruit setting of autumn shoot under the different cut in Nanfeng tangerine.The cut diameter,the number of autumn shoot under each cut,the length and basal diameter of autumn shoot,the number of flower or fruit on each autumn fruit-bearing shoot at the time of flowering and stable fruit setting in the next year was measured. The results showed that two autumn shoot with length less than 25 cm produced by two pruning methods was more than 90 percent. In mechanical pruning,the average length and basal diameter of autumn shoot had no significant difference between different cutting diameters,but were higher than those by hedge shear. The ability of flower bud formation and fruit setting on the autumn shoot had no obvious difference between different cutting diameter,however,the ability of flower bud formation were significantly lower than that in hedge shear. The ability of fruit setting on the autumn shoot had no significant difference with that in hedge shear.It is indicated that the two pruning methods can save labor usage in the summer pruning operation in Nanfeng tangerine. The effects under the different cuts in mechanical pruning was not significantly different,indicating that there is no need to take the size of shoot into account in summer pruning.It will be a fool type pruning and convenient for farmers to learn.

Abstract:In order to elucidate the function of the catalase (CAT) gene (RsCat) in Rhizoctonia solani Kühn AG-1 IA,the causal agent of rice sheath blight,the gene was cloned with PCR and RT-PCR.Result of bioinformatics analysis showed that the full-length DNA and cDNA sequences of RsCat gene were 1 814 bp and 1 395 bp,with an open reading frame (ORF) encoding 464 amino acids. Result of conserved domain analysis showed that the RsCat protein has the domains of catalase-like super family with catalase-related immune-response. Result of phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the RsCat gene in different anastomosis groups (AGs) of R. solani has a high sequence homology. Result of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that RsCatgene expression was induced by catechol. The expression levels of RsCat gene were up-regulated with the increase of catechol concentrations,whereas the activity of catalase (CAT) decreased with the increase of catechol concentrations,indicating that there is no corresponding between the transcriptional expression of RsCat gene and CAT activity. The RsCat gene may produce post transcriptional or post translational modifications.It will provide a foundation for further studying the regulatory mechanisms of melanin formation and ROS metabolism with RsCat of R. solani AG-1 IA.

Abstract:Seven bacterial strains with strong antagonistic effect on the pathogen of cucumber Fusarium oxysporum were isolated from the rhizosphere soil,root and stem of cucumber,and the inhibition rate of these bacteria on the plate was up to 46%. Four strains including GJ-9,NH-1,P7 and XX2J7 with resistance to rifampicin were obtained. The results showed that these strains had good colonization ability in the cucumber seedling and could be transported into the stem through the root,which could significantly improve the activity of defense-related enzyme such as PAL,POD and PPO in the cucumber seedlings. The results showed that the fermentation broth of the antagonistic bacteria NH-1 had significant effect on the control of the cucumber Fusarium wilt,the disease index of the treated cucumber seedlings was 26.00,and its control effect reached 66.03%. According to the growth morphological characteristics and its gyrb gene sequence analysis,this bacteria was identified as Bacillus velezensis.

Abstract:To explore the pathogenic mechanism of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) from the perspective of plasmid,and to analyze the main genes and virulence factors they encode,we isolated high purity plasmid from the Psa strain JF8 (Yuexi,Anhui) by plasmid extraction kit,sequenced and analyzed it bioinformatically.The results showed that the plasmid was 50 724 bp with an average GC content of 56.29%,containing 83 protein-coding genes.Among the 83 genes,45 were predicted to encode hypothetical proteins and 38 were known functional genes.Bioinformatics analysis showed that the plasmid carried several genes associated with bacterial pathogenesis and disease resistance.The plasmid carries up to 8 mobile element proteins directly involved in gene recombination and metastasis.Five genes directly participate in the bacterial Ⅳ secretion system and one gene participates in the Ⅲ secretion system.The protein encoded by the gene ParA is an ATPase that plays an important role in the distribution of plasmids and maintaining plasmid stability.The gene LuxR,which encodes a transcriptional activator protein,is involved in the quorum sensing mechanism of bacteria and affects the expression and secretion of virulence factors.The UmuC gene is one of the components of the medium SOS response system,controlling the amount of polymerase Ⅴ in the cell.

Abstract:To identify the function of CAZymes proteins in Colletotrichum higginsianum, the physical and chemical properties were analyzed based on the 238 CAZymes proteins sequence. The results showed that the protein isoelectric point was less than 6 in nearly two-thirds proteins,belonging to acidic protein. Ten percent of the sample proteins were then screened by the random number software,to define the molecular mass,the molecular formula,half-life,the instability factor,aliphatic amino acid index,and total average hydrophilicity properties of secreted protein from different theoretical isoelectric point category.

Abstract:Zinc is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development.The deficiency and excess of Zn is harmful to plants.In plants,CDF (cation diffusion facilitator proteins) also known as metal tolerance proteins (metal tolerance protein,MTP) can transport Zn to vacuole,thus regulate the absorption and translocation of Zn in plants.In current work,a zinc transporter of CDF family MtMTP3 was identified in model plant Medicago truncatula.The results of bioinformatics analyses showed that MtMTP3 encoded 385 amino acids.The results of phylogenetic analysis and sequence alignment showed that MtMTP3 is belonged to zinc transporter of CDF family.Expressing of MtMTP3 in yeast increased the resistance of yeast to zinc.The results of expression analysis showed that MtMTP3 was mainly expressed in root.When growing at high concentration of zinc,manganese or iron deficiency condition,the expression of MtMTP3 were increased in root,indicating that MtMTP3 may function as metal transporter in root.The results of semiquantitative RT-PCR showed that the expression of MtMTP3 were significantly increased under low P condition.The expression of MtMTP3 were decreased when it was inoculated AMF,even in high Zn condition.It is indicated that mycorrhiza may decrease the expression of MtMTP3 via enhancing the absorption of phosphate.

Abstract:Different facets exposed α-Fe2O3 were synthesised and utilized to remove organic contaminants via electric-Fenton method. Systemic characterizations including X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transimission electron microscope (TEM) reveal that the dominated planes of prepared α-Fe2O3 nanosheets and nanorods are {001} and {110} facets,respectively. Both 001-Fe2O3 and 110-Fe2O3 deposited CF cathode demonstrates sustainable activity for electrocatalytic removal of typical organic pollutants including RhB,MB and atrazine. The activity of 110-Fe2O3 is much higher than that of 001-Fe2O3. This can be attributed to its stronger ability for Fe(Ⅱ) generation based on the corresponding electrochemical analysis,from which the electron transport capacity of 110-Fe2O3 is found to be much higher than that of 001-Fe2O3. The resulting Fe(Ⅱ) thus accelerates the formation of reactive oxygen species like ·OH and·O-2,which subsequently promotes the degradation of target contaminants.

Abstract:To elucidate the mechanism of the aphrodisiac powder for treating cow’s persistent corpus luteum,36 cows with persistent corpus luteum,which was detected through rectum and B ultrasound examination,were treated with high,medium,low doses of aphrodisiac powder and with warm water for the negative control for continuous 4 d.The efficiency of treatment was calculated and serum FSH,LH,E2,P4 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorption method at different time points.The results showed that the total effective rate was 70% in the high and medium dose group,30% in the low dose group,and 16.7% in the negative control.The total effective rate of the high and medium dose group was significant different from the low dose group (P＜0.05),and was extremely significant from the negative control (P＜0.01).As for the hormone level,serum FSH,LH,E2 levels tended to rise after taking medicine,P4 tended to decline,with some reached extremely significant level at special time point (P＜0.01).The high dose group had the most obvious changing trend,followed by the middle dose group and the serum reproductive hormones content had no significant difference among different time points in the negative control (P＞0.05),with only a little increase of LH and E2 on 16-19 days.The above results showed that Chinese medicine aphrodisiac powder could adjust reproductive hormone levels to achieve therapeutic purposes for cow’s persistent corpus luteum and the treatment effect of high dose group was the best.

Abstract:An experiment was conducted for 30 d to investigate the effect of Bacillus subtilis TL on the growth development,intestinal environment and health status of weaned piglets. A total of 120 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire pigs were randomly divided into 4 groups,the negative control group (basal diet),positive control group (basal diet +2.5 g/kg antibiotic),M1 group (positive control group+150 g/t antibiotics) and M2 group (positive control group +300 g/t antibiotics). The results showed that the weight,average daily gain and the average daily feed intake in the M1 group increased by 7.81% (P<0.05),17.14% (P<0.01),and 33.10% (P<0.01),respectively,compared with the positive control in terms of growth performance. In addition,the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets in the M1 and M2 groups were significantly reduced. The serum GSH-Px,T-SOD and the swine fever antibody were increased by 9.0% (P<0.05),32.78% (P<0.05) and 14.06% (P<0.01),respectively,while the MDA was decreased by 43.71% (P<0.05),compared with the positive control in terms of blood index. Moreover,the small intestinal villus was significantly increased and the depth of crypt was significantly decreased compared with the positive control in terms of intestinal barrier. At the same time,the number of cecum Lactobacillus in the M1 group was significantly increased and the number of cecum E. coli were significantly reduced,compared with the positive and negative control. It was concluded that B. subtilis TL could significantly improve the growth performance,the intestinal environment and health status of weaned piglets.

Abstract:This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of Bacillus subtilis and molasses on water quality and growth of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under zero-water exchange.Four experimental groups including treatments with molasses alone (C),Bacillus subtilis alone (Y), molasses and Bacillus subtilis (C+Y) and the negative blank were designed.During the experiment,water temperature ranged from 26 to 31℃ and pH ranged from 6.5 to 7.5.The mean dissolved oxygen was significantly higher in the blank than the 3 treatments (P＜0.05).The groups with utilization of molasses alone and together with B. subtilis had significantly higher total ammonia contents (P＜0.05).Combined utilization of molasses and B. subtilis showed the lowest level of nitrite,nitrate nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus.Overall,phytoplankton density in all groups was rather low (104-106 cells/L),but the three treatments showed higher phytoplankton density than the blank during the late period of the experiment.Survival rate,growth rate of tilapia and feed efficiency were higher in the 3 treatments than that in the blank,but the difference is not significant (P＞0.05).

Abstract:In this paper,the genome size (C-value) and ploidy of 5 commercial fishes including Onychostoma sima,triploid Cyprinus carpio var. singuonensis,Myxocyprinus asiaticus,Sinibotia superciliarisa and Hemibarbus maculatus were determined by flow cytometry using chicken erythrocyte DNA content as a standard. The results showed that the C-values of O. sima,triploid C. carpio var. singuonensis,M. asiaticus,S. superciliarisa and H. maculatus were 1.18±0.01 pg,1.92±0.07 pg,2.62±0.28 pg,0.89±0.01 pg and 1.24±0.02 pg,respectively. The C-value of M. asiaticus was the largest,followed by triploid C. carpio var. singuonensis, H. maculatus,O. sima and S. superciliarisa. Among the 5 economic fishes,there is no difference in C-values between O. sima and H. maculatus (the same family) (P＞0.05),but the difference between the other species (different families) was significant (P<0.05). Ploidy analysis showed that O. sima,S. superciliarisa and H.maculatus were diploid,C. carpio var. singuonensis was triploid and M. asiaticus was tetraploid.

Abstract:Through ethanol extraction and liquid-liquid extraction combined with column chromatography,the different components in Henan propolis and the poplar resin were isolated.The separation effect and the separation components was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The in vitro hypoglycemic activity of each isolated fraction was evaluated by the α-glucosidase inhibitor screening model,at the same time,oral glucose tolerance test (OSTT) was carried out in hyperglycemia mouse model induced by streptozotocin(STZ) to further verify the inhibitory effect of the isolated fraction α-glucosidase efficacy in the intestines.The results showed that the 50% ethanol elution fraction of propolis and its homologous poplar resin extract had the best inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase in vitro,their IC50 are 39.03±2.76 μg/mL and 28.28±3.79 μg/mL.On the other hand,this component could effectively inhibit the intestinal α-glucosidase activity in diabetic mice (P<0.05),conduciving to the recovery of blood glucose and maintain the blood sugar stability.Liquid chromatographic analysis showed that the 50% ethanol component of propolis and its homologous poplar resin both included quercetin,apigenin,kaempferol,chrysin,isorhamnetin and galangin and other flavonoids compound.

Abstract:A two-stage dust removing system was designed by setting a finger roller in the exhaust cylinder of typical cyclone to improve the dedusting efficiency from flue gas of straw carbonization.The model of the system was established in SolidWorks and meshed with ANSYS ICEM.The flow field of the system was setup through simulation of the system with combination of RNG k-ε model and RSM model.The particle separation efficiency was simulated with DPM model coupled of gas-solid two phase flow based on the Euler- Lagrange equation.The static pressure,tangential velocity,radial velocity,axial velocity distribution and the separation efficiency of different size particles of typical cyclone and the 2-stage dust removal system were obtained at inlet velocity of 20 m/s and finger roller rotation speed of 0 r/min,900 r/min,1 450 r/min and 2 900 r/min.The results showed that the rotation speed of the finger roller had a significant effect on static pressure of the dust collector and the static pressure increased with the increase of rotation speed compared with typical cyclone.The rotation speed of the finger roller had a significant influence on tangential velocity of the flow field.The tangential velocity increases with increase of the rotation speed with little effect on the radial velocity and axial velocity.Compared with typical cyclone,the 2-stage dust removing system and its rotation speed had little influence on separation of dust particles of diameter less than 1 μm.However,they had significant effects on separating dust particles of diameter larger than 10 μm,and the separating efficiency increased with the increase of rotation speed of the roller.The difference of separation efficiency of different rotation speed was not significant.It will provide reference for designing and optimizing the structure of dust removal device with high efficiency.

Abstract:The body frame of a combine harvester was used to build the body frame geometry model.As the complexity of the body frame structure of the harvester,the road motions,cutter excitation,threshing roller excitation and other vibration generated by the body frame will be passed to the driver.In order to simulate the process of vibration excitation to the human body frame in a more appropriate way,it is necessary to soften the harvester body frame that conducted the vibration excitation.Based on the geometry model,the finite element soft body frame analysis is used to establish the finite element soft body frame model of the vehicle body frame.The modal analysis and calculation are carried out on the basis of the new model.In the structural vibration,the influence on the dynamic behavior of the structure of lower order mode is more than that of the higher order mode.The low order mode determines the dynamic characteristics of the structure.The body frame structure was optimized with the first-order mode.The results showed that the first-order modal frequency of the body frame of 7.29 Hz is close to the excitation frequency (7 Hz) of the cutter when the harvester works normally,which is prone to resonance and has the greatest impact on human comfort.In order to adjust the natural frequency of the body frame of the harvester to avoid the external excitation frequency range,the size and topology of the model of the vehicle body frame were optimized with HyperMesh software.The results showed that the first-order modal frequency of the harvesting machine body frame upgraded to 8.63 Hz from the 7.29 Hz.The body frame mass decreased by 0.006 t after the size optimization.After topology optimization,it was the same that the first-order modal frequency of the harvesting machine body frame was improved to 8.49 Hz from 7.29 Hz.The body frame quality was reduced by 0.107 t.The natural frequency of the harvester body frame can avoid the external excitation frequency range by optimizing topology and size.Considering the goal of design optimization and manufacturing cost,the size optimization technology is more suitable.It will provide some reference for reducing the probability of occurrence of body frame resonance and the optimizing lightweight and comfort of harvester to a certain extent.

Abstract:The egg processing production line used in most of the egg processing enterprises in China lack of intelligent sorting equipment.Manual loading,sorting and packaging is generally used.Artificial methods are inefficient due to its high labor costs and risk of infection and contamination of eggs.The current egg processing line has some problems including disposal segment,multi-step,long production line,a large cumulative damage and high equipment costs and so on.A Delta-parallel robot based on machine vision was used to realize high-speed intelligent picking of eggs on the production line,which can pick up qualified eggs to the standard egg tray in accordance with a certain order by layer placed neatly.The completed dynamic positioning of the individual egg and the intelligent trajectory planning for different handling paths based on machine vision was studied.The robot control program was designed to achieve intelligent picking up.Experiments of pick up eggs and transfer them to an egg tray intelligently were conducted.Results showed that the use of delta parallel robot based on visual can realize the egg picking up and loading.Robot operating speed is 1 250 mm/s,with pick up efficiency of 0.414 2-0.447 8/s and leakage rate of less than 3.33%.It will provide technical support for the practical application of multi-robot division of labor.