Abstract:Bacteria are widely used for studying the heavy metal biosorption recently.In the study,the removal rate of Mn2+ under normal concentration and law of biosorption about Mn2+ using PCC 7120 were obtained.The results showed that a high desorption efficiency (above 80%) was obtained under the low concentation (10 mg/L) of Mn2+.The biosorption equilibrium data are fitted well with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies,indicating that the biosorption follows the pseudo secondorder model.The tolerance of PCC 7120 to Mn2+ is impaired and the adsorption capacity is greatly diminished after nitrogen deficiency.

Abstract:Cyanobacteria plays a significant role in the global carbon cycle.As the place for carbon dioxide fixation，carboxysome is a proteinaceous compartment that encapsulates the carbonfixing enzyme ribulose1,5 -bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCO) and carbonic anhydrase.In this study,the effects of chloramphenicol on carboxysome number and cellular abundance of CcmK2 in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 were analyzed.A batch of test were performed to study the inhibited effect of chloramphenicol on the growth of -Synechocystis- sp. PCC 6803 and its derivatives.Results showed that 5.0 μg/mL of chloramphenicol inhibited bacterial multiply completely.From heterotrophic status to photoautotrophic growth,the number of carboxysome rapidly increased in 12 h,but the addition of 5.0 μg/mL chloramphenicol inhibited effectively the increase of cellular carboxysome number.Result of Western blot analysis showed that the abundance of the most abundant carboxysome shell protein CcmK2 was inhibited by this antibiotics.It is indicated that chloramphenicol could inhibit novel carboxysome shell protein and disturb the carboxysome formation under different carbonenvironment.Further studies on carboxysome assembly are needed.

Abstract:CcmK2,as one of the most abundant carboxysome shell proteins in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803,plays an important role in the assembly and biogenesis of carboxysome.In this study,the prokaryotic expression vector pET28aCcmK2 was constructed and high yield recombinant CcmK2 protein with six histidine tags was expressed by inducing in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3).In order to produce the polyclonal antibody against rabbit,the highly performed CcmK2 protein was purified with metal affinity chromatography.Result of Dot blot analysis showed that the polyclonal antibody could effectively detect cyanobacterial CcmK2 protein.Result of antibody specificity test showed that CcmK2 polyclonal antibody could weakly reacted with other carboxysome shell proteins.Western blot analysis confirmed that this antibody was able to specifically and sensitively detect the abundance of CcmK2 in cyanobacterium PCC 6803.The polyclonal antibody generated in this study will lay a foundation for further studying the abundance of CccmK2 in cyanobacterium PCC 6803.

Abstract:Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 is an important model strain in the field of cyanobacteria research.Controlling the expression level of gene is one of the most important ways to investigate gene functions.There are a variety of matured gene induction systems available in cyanobacteria. However,no controllable protein degradation system is available in cyanobacteria yet. This work is based on the protein quality control system in Mesoplasma florum and aims to construct an inducible protein degradation system facilitating the investigation of essential genes in Anabaena PCC 7120. Results showed that the degradation or decrease of the target proteins was not detected.It is indicated that the constructed system needs to be further improved.

Abstract:Programmed cell death is known to be an essential process for tracheary elements and sieve elements. Tracheary elements undergo PCD, which forms a tubular channel for transporting water, while sieve elements go through programmed cell semideath process to transport organic nutrients.Biological electron microscopy and ultracytochemical technology was used to further clarify the ultrastructural changes and ACPase dynamic distribution of sieve elements and tracheary elements in wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) caryopsis development. The dynamic changes and the distribution of active products of ACPase were studied. Results showed that the sieve elements were distributed as semi-circular at the outside of tracheary elements.The degradation of the nucleus in sieve element was later than that in tracheary elements. The organelles were wrapped by the autophagosome for degradation in the process of developing sieve elements.The mature sieve element retains some organelle fragment and is alive.When the tonoplast in tracheary elements was ruptured, the cytoplasm were degraded by the vesicles in the cell and the cytoplasm was completely degraded. Fully degraded tracheary elements were obviously dead.After the tonoplast was ruptured, ACPase as a key enzyme of vacuole in organelles including mitochondria of tracheary elements was most notable. In the development of sieve element, ACPase activity was detected in the mitochondria and the plasmodesmata of the mature sieve cells. It is indicated that ACPase may be involved in the transportion of materials between cells.

Abstract:To obtain more measures to controlthe clubroot disease of Chinese cabbage, Bacillus subtilis XF1 lysis solution of Lentinus edodes mycelia (EXF1) and its acetone extract were used as biological resistance inducers (BRI) and their effects on controlling clubroot disease and on microbial population in Chinease cabbage rhizoshere were tested based on the pot culture experiment. The results showed that EXF-1 and its acetone extract could control 65.07% and 42.20% of the clubroot disease, respectively. BRIs increased the numbers of Bacillus and fungi, but reduced that of actinomycetes. Based on the results of 120 h culture in Biolog Eco-Plates, sugars and amino acids could explain 35.0% and 10.7% of the variance among 31 principal factors. Therefore, BRI could control the clubroot disease and affect the microbial populations in the soil.

Abstract:According to the RNASeq mycelium growth and sclerotia formation stage,was selected to study in B. cinerea.The transcript level of BC1G_03293 during sclerotial formation stage was higher than that during mycelium growth stage.The BC1G_03293 of 229 aa signal peptide on the N end and no known conserved domain.The knockout mutants ΔBC1G_032932 and ΔBC1G_032934 were obtained using the homologous recombination method.The complemented transformants ΔBC1G_032932C2 and ΔBC1G_032932C3 were also by Agrobacterium tumefaciensmediated transformation technique.The deletion of BC1G_03293 did not affect the growth,pathogenicity and formation of sclerotia.The conidia production of the knockout mutants obviously decreased and was approximately 45% of the wild type strain.And the conidia production of the complemented transformants recovered obviously.Our research results suggested that BC1G_03293 is involved the regulation of conidiation of B. cinerea.

Abstract:In the present study,the fulllength cDNA of the odorant receptor coreceptor gene was cloned from the antennae of Sitotroga cerealella (named ScerOrCo) by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE).Sequence analysis revealed that the transcript consisted of 1 876 nucleotides and the open reading frame was 1 422 bp,encoding a peptide of 437 amino acids with 7 putative transmembrane domains.The deduced amino acid sequence of ScerOrCoshared the highest similarity with the olfactory receptor of Mythimna separate (87%).The results of quantitative real time RTPCR showed that the ScerOrCo mRNA was expressed specifically in adult antennae and had no difference between female and male (P＞0.05).

Abstract:In order to improve the indoor reproductive efficiency of Habrobracon hebetor,effects of mating experience and sex ratio of parent wasps on mating behavior and offspring sex allocation were investigated by controlling the mating condition indoors. Male mating experience had significant effect on the mating behavior of wasps. Male wasps with less mating experience showed more courtship frequency,stronger courtship intensity,more mating frequency and longer mating duration at next mating behavior. The recopulation duration of male wasp without mating experience was significantly longer than that of male wasp with 5 to 6 mating experiences. Male mating experience showed some impacts on the offspring sex ratio,but no obvious impact on the total number of the offspring. When the male with fewer mating experience mated with virgin female,more femalebiased offspring sex ratios were obtained. For indoor rearing,the number of female offspring could be improved by enhancing proportion of the male parent. The best propagating efficiency of H. hebetor was obtained when the sex ratio of parent wasp was 1 female to 3 male,and the ratio of natural enemy to pests was 2 female wasps to 10 5th instar larvae of Plodia interpunctella.

Abstract:The effects of different contents of potassium humate (0,0.01%,0.1%,0.3%,0.5%) on the yield,physiological characteristics and nutrient absorption and utilization of pakchoi ‘Siyueman’ （Brassica chinensis） are studied with pot experiments. The result showed that potassium humate significantly increased the yield of pakchoi,with the highest yield at dosage of 0.1% potassium humate,37.1% higher than that of the control. MDA content and antioxidant enzyme activity was changed. In addition,the content of N,P and K increased with the application of potassium humate in pakchoi,among them N and K enhanced significantly. The total accumulation of N,P and K increased first and then decreased,with the largest dosage of 0.1%,increased by 56.4%,37.3%, and 50.7%,respectively.The absorption efficiency (AE),partial factor productivity (PFP) and dry matter efficiency (DME) of N,P was significantly improved,with the promoting effect being the best at dosage of 0.1%. N increased by 55.6%,42.2% and 42.2%,respectively ; P increased by 40.0%,40.0%,30.0%,respectively. When the content of potassium humate was 0.01% and 0.1%,the AE,PFP and DME of K are higher than that of control. When the dosage was more than 0.3%,they are significantly lower than that of the control. So,increasing the amount of potassium humic acid can increase the yield and improve N,P and K use efficiency of pakchoi. Dosage of 0.1% can be recommended as the optimal dosage.

Abstract:Different Kbearing minerals including biotite,muscovite and orthoclase were ground to 251~840 μm,151~250 μm,74~150 μm and <74 μm,and continuously extracted with tartaric acid and oxalic acid to study potassium release and its kinetics. Results showed that compared with 251~840 μm particle size,the release rate of biotite with particle size of 151~250 μm,74~150 μm and <74 μm increased by －9%,34%,129% and－21%,20%,152%,respectively; the release rate of muscovite increased by 246%,495%,566% and 288%,511%,610%,respectively; the release rate of orthoclase increased by 32%,167%,417% and 182%,675%,1 687%,respectively. It is indicated that the amount of potassium released from muscovite and orthoclase increased significantly with the decrease in particle size,while that of biotite decreased first and then increased with the decrease in particle size.

Abstract:In order to understand the adsorption of mineral and its modified products to herbicides,bentonite and appapulgite were used as the raw materials,and cationic surfactant hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was used to modify the bentonite and appapulgite.The organically modified minerals were prepared with the ratios of ECE/n(CTAB)=1∶1 and 1∶0.5,respectively.The equilibrium batch of chlorsulfuron adsorption on mineral and its modified products was investigated.The effects of pH and temperature on the adsorption of chlorsulfuron in the tested minerals samples were studied.The FTIR spectra of minerals modified with or without CTAB were characterized.The results showed that when the minerals were modified with CTAB,their adsorption capacities of chlorsulfuron were more than those of the original minerals significantly.The ability to adsorb chlorsulfuron of the 6 minerals samples was in the order of 1∶1 modified bentonite>1∶1 modified appapulgite>1∶0.5 modified bentonite>1∶0.5 modified appapulgite>unmodified bentonite>unmodified appapulgite.For example,at pH=7 and t=30℃,the maximum adsorption amount of 1∶1 modified bentonite,1∶1 modified appapulgite,1∶0.5 modified bentonite,1∶0.5 modified appapulgite,unmodified bentonite,and unmodified appapulgite was 3 930,2 667,979.0,3 991,3 029 and 1 505 mg/kg,respectively.It is concluded that the adsorption capacity of 1∶1 modified minerals was greater than that of 1∶0.5 type modified minerals.The adsorption capacity of bentonite and its modified minerals to chlorsulfuron was greater than that of the appapulgite.It also showed that the adsorption ability of organic modified minerals to the chloride was much better than that of the original minerals.The amount of adsorbed chlorsulfuron in the tested sample was gradually decreased with the increase of the solution pH.The amount of adsorbed chlorsulfuron in the tested samples increased with the increase of temperature as well.Adsorption thermodynamic was conformed to Freundlich isothermal adsorption model.It is indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic process.It will provide scientific reference for the application of modified minerals in the field experiment on slowrelease pesticides and the organic pollutants removal in environment.

Abstract:To investigate the effect of short photoperiod on hormones that related to hair growth in Inner Mongolia (Arbas type) Cashmere goat,six pairs of 2yearold twins ewes were selected from the short photoperiod and control group.The blood samples were collected and content of hormones were determined by enzyme linked immunoassay.SAS9.0 software was adopted to conduct significant test and correlation analysis.The results showed that the content of MLT and IGF1 was significantly increased,the content of PRL was significantly decreased,and the content of EGF and GH was not significant different between the two groups under short photoperiod in a day.In a year,the content of MLT (P<0.05),IGF1 and EGF (P>0.05) was increased,and the content of PRL (P<0.05) was significantly decreased under short photoperiod in June.The content of MLT,IGF1 and GH was significantly higher (P<0.05),and the content of PRL was lower in the experimental group than in the control group,in September.The correlation between PRL and other hormones in both groups was negative.Compared with the control group,interactions between MLT and PRL/EGF,between PRL and IGF1/EGF/GH,between IGF1 and EGF/GH,between EGF and GH (P>0.05) were increased,and interactions between MLT and IGF1/GH were decreased under short photoperiod.In conclusion,the short photoperiod might enhance hair growth by synergistic and antagonistic effect of hormones that related to hair growth

Abstract:In this study, we investigated the effect of different dose and storage time of Hubei dark brick tea on gastric emptying, intestinal propulsion and intestinal microflora in Kunming mice. Chemical analysis showed that the contents of free amino acids, theaflavins, thearubigins, theabrownin and coffeine of dark brick tea produced in 2010 were significantly higher, while the contents of total catechins and soluble sugars were significantly lower than the contents of those tea produced in 2016 and 2006. Different dose of dark brick tea extraction were intraperitoneally given to mice for consecutive 15 d, and the medium dose (1 667 mg/kg) could significantly promote gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion in mice, which seemed to be the most effective dose, because high dose (3 334 mg/kg) exhibited an inhibitory effect on gastric emptying and low dose (834 mg/kg) could remarkably increase bifidobaterium and decrease enterococcus. Additionally, in comparison with the control, all the dark brick tea tested improved gastric emptying, intestinal peristalsis, as well as optimized intestinal microflora strikingly. Furthermore, the dark brick tea processed in 2006 was the most effective, with the maximum intestinal propulsion rate, the lowest quantities of enterbacteria and enterococcus, and the highest amount of lactobacillus and bifidobaterium.

Abstract:There is a certain relationship between the quality of fresh tea leaves and the elevation of growing, but at present, it is no effective method to discriminate the elevation of fresh leaves picked. In this study, fresh tea leaves of different elevation were used as the research objects, after near infrared spectroscopy scanned and the characteristic spectral interval selected, the prediction models of elevation of fresh tea leaves were established by stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR), principal component regression (PCR) and synergy interval partial least squares (Si PLS). The results showed that, the correlation coefficient and root mean square error of prediction set was respectively 0.800 5 and 0.486 by SMLR method, which used the spectroscopy in the range of 5 542.41-6 888.48 cm-1 and the first derivative +3 point Norris smoothing pretreatment; the correlation coefficient and root mean square error of prediction set was respectively 0.803 6 and 0.472 by PCR method, which used the spectroscopy in the range of 4 929.16-6 965.62 cm-1 and the first derivative + 3 point Norris smoothing pretreatment; the correlation coefficient and root mean square error of prediction set was respectively 0.944 3 and 0.295 by Si PLS method, which contained 18 spectral intervals combined with \[5 8 11 17\] of four subintervals and 13 factors. By comparison, the Si PLS model has the best prediction results. It was preliminary realized to discriminate the elevation of fresh tea leaf samples rapidly and nondestructively by using NIRSSiPLS method.

Abstract:The varieties of soil and native eggs relate to its internal quality and sales price. Identifying the egg types quickly and nondestructively will be of great significance to regulate the market of agricultural products. The visible/nearinfrared spectrum technology was used to extract the spectral transmittance (500-900 nm) of free-range and ordinary of the same egg variety collected from different breeding environment of Hubei Province. The spectral data were pretreated by the standard normal variate (SNV).The competitive adaptive reweighed sampling(CARS) combined with the principal components analysis(PCA) method was used to perform two times dimensionality reduction of spectral data. The processed data were transmitted as the input of boosting regression trees(BRT) and established the model for identifying egg varieties. The correct rate of the model set and the prediction set are 98.33% and 97.00%. The results showed that applying visiblenear infrared spectrum based on boosting regression trees to identify eggs with the same hen breeds but different feeds is feasible.

Abstract:Visual navigation of rape direct seeder unit can improve the intelligent and reduce labor intensity,so a visual navigation controller which was made up of fuzzy controller and PD controller with dead zone was proposed.The fuzzy controller was used to track path,and PD controller with dead zone control the front wheel steering.Through the two wheel ackerman steering model and camera imaging model,the law of image detection path changing with the rape seeder unit pose changes was got.Through the law,fuzzy controller rules can be designed.Image target path in the image was determined when the rape direct seeder distance the target ditch in the right place.And,the angle error and intercept error between image real-time detection path and image target path were the input of fuzzy controller.The output of fuzzy controller was frontwheel target steering angle.PD controller with dead zone was used to control front wheel angle.The field test results show that:the maximum lateral deviation was less than 6 cm when the speed of rape seeder was 0.5 m/s and 0.8 m/s,and the maximum lateral deviation was less than 10 cm when the speed is 1.0 m/s.

Abstract:The layered taggered covering furrowing device was designed to solve the difficulty in furrowing for grassland where the soil firmness is very high and the amount of the stubble and root are too great,and to realize fertilization and reseeding based on root cutting.The device included the process of stubble cutting with cutting blade,forming seed bed and covering it with seeding double disc furrow opener,forming fertilizer bed and covering it with fertilization double disc furrow opener pressing down the soil to the specify depth in the root cutting opening and pushing the soil to cover the seed.Results of comparison experiment showed that the relationship between the soil firmness and the distance between the seed bed and the rootcutting opening could be used to determine the arrangement of the two double disc furrow openers.It was confirmed that compared with the control group the average firmness of the soil decreased 62% when the above distance was 20 mm.The function that the parameters of the two furrow openers should be satisfied through theoretical deduction was established.The furrowing device was used on the 9QFB2.4 root cutter with fertilization and reseeding compound machine in the field experiment.The result showed that the device can furrow stably and form suitable fertilizer bed and seed bed.The depth and width of the fertilizer bed was 47.3 mm and 29.1 mm.The depth and width of the seed bed was 44.7 mm and 19.5 mm.The stability of fertilizing and seeding depth could achieve 83% and 80%,respectively.While the soil broken rate was just 14%,which benefits for the protection of the grassland vegetation.

Abstract:Brassica juncea originated in China is the main characteristic vegetable in southern China and cultivated throughout the country. Brassica juncea mainly including leaf mustard,stem mustard,root mustard and moss mustard belongs to the large Brassicaceae brassica crop.Because the mustard with a small flower organ is mainly self pollinated under natural conditions,cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS) is an effective mean to utlize the heterosis of mustard hybrids.Now,CMS systems were widely studied in Brassica juncea,including hau CMS, oxa CMS and so on.The progress of the CMS and heterosis utilization in Brassica juncea were reviewed.The directions and goals of heterosis utilization were put forward.It will provide the theoretical foundation and material origin for utilizing heterosis of mustard vegetables.