Abstract:At present，the most widely used petrol-type mountainous orchard transporter adopts the low-cost carburetor-type engine with low combustion efficiency and poor emissions.Pure electric transporter is difficult to promote in mountainous orchards due to the limited capacity and inferior cruising mileage.A range-extender system based on the existing electric mountainous orchard wheel transporter was designed with the Advisor simulation instrument.A range-extender system with a total capacity of 120 A·h and voltage of 60 V lead-acid battery as the major power and 5 kW range extender device as assistant power was proposed to satisfy the design requirements of the maximum load of 240 kg，the maximum climbing slope of 15° and the maximum speed of 9 km/h.In the extended mode，the running distance of the transporter is 52.2 km when the load is 240 kg,217.5% longer than that of the pure electricity mode.The mileage is improved significantly．

Abstract:In order to improve the fatigue life and transportation efficiency of mountainous orchard wheeled transporter,the excitation signal of the unevenness of typical road surface in hilly areas was used as vibration excitation to study the vibration characteristics of the leaf spring suspension and optimize the structure.Using LabVIEW as the host computer platform,the data acquisition card NI 9234 and acceleration sensor PCB352C33 was used to design the acceleration signal acquisition platform.After filtering the original acceleration signal,integral and FFT transform was performed to obtain the displacement frequency domain map．The road roughness signal collected was imported into ADAMS/View to get the roughness of the road surface when the transporter runs on the grass,mountainous and cement road.The frequency of the excitation signal acting on the leaf spring suspension mainly concentrates in 3-10 Hz，4-9 Hz and 2-7 Hz.There is an overlap with the first-order leaf spring suspension at the first-order frequency of 5.95 Hz,and resonance is easily generated.The fatigue life T is 9.4×104.By increasing the number of reeds to increase the stiffness of the suspension,the first-order frequency of the leaf spring suspension is optimized to be 18.59 Hz,and the fatigue life T is 3.5×105,which not only avoids resonance with the road surface input excitation but also increases life expectancy by 3.7 times.

Abstract:A double crawler transport vehicle in mountain orchard with non-rigid chassis and dual-hub driven motor was designed to solve the problems of the large orchard slope in the mountainous region,the row spacing and spacing of the fruit trees planted is small,the site conditions are poor,the operation environment is complex,the transportation volume of fruits,agricultural resources,and sprays are large,and the small transportation vehicles have difficulties in turning and passing through the mountain orchards with poor peace and harmony.The outline dimension of transporter designed is 2 150 mm×1 040 mm×1 100 mm.It uses chariot chassis as driving mechanism and has dual-wheel hub motor with independent drive and chain drive.Three-dimensional modeling was constructed with the software SolidWorks and the virtual prototype model.The high-platform trenches simulation terrain were created by SolidWorks.The high-platform and trenched obstacle of the transport vehicle’s chassis were simulated with software ADAMS.The maximum vehicle speed,minimum turning radius,maximum climbing degree and the energy consumption of the vehicle were tested and analyzed.The results showed that the absolute error of longitudinal displacement of the centroid position was within ±5% and the absolute error of lateral displacement of the centroid position was within ±3% during the process of overpassing the platform and the trench.The designed transport vehicle had a maximum load of 250 kg,a maximum climbing degree of 20° and a maximum speed of 1.8 m/s,the minimum turning radius is 0.7 m.Its ability to overcome obstacles is stronger,and its adaptability to mountain orchards with complex terrain,poor road conditions and even no roads is better,and it can better meet the transportation requirements of mountain orchards.

Abstract:This article is aimed to research the vibration acceleration signal of agricultural wheeled transporter when working in grassplot， mud road and 15.1° slope of dinas road conditions. And then the vibration acceleration signal was input in the LabVIEW's signal processing model to analyze and extract its feature. At last,through the correlation of vibration displacement signal,which is acquired by twice integral operation based on the vibration acceleration signal,its characteristics were analyzed and extracted. The results of the vibration displacement signal indicating that speed and load weight significantly affect the pavement roughness of grass. The significant value of slope,speed and load weight indicating that slope has the biggest effect on the pavement roughness signal followed by speed and load mass. 

Abstract:The genetic characteristics and phenotypic variations of husk traits of maize inbred lines in five heterotic groups were analyzed.Effects of environments by observing the performance of four husk traits was studied under two different environments in China. Husk traits are primarily controlled by genes. The heritability of husk length was high,but that of husk number,total husk thickness and husk width was moderate. Husk length was significantly positively correlated with husk width. The significant differences were found among maize heterotic groups in the decreasing order of husk length,husk width,number,and total husk thickness. There is no significant difference of all husk traits between two different environment except total husk thickness in Lancaster group. It is indicated that most maize husk traits can be genetically improved directly via breeding.The genetic improvement targeting one trait of husk can synchronously modify the other traits of husk significantly correlated with the target trait. The husk traits in Lancaster and Tangsipingtou are more beneficial to the grain dehydration,with modest husk number and length,indicating that the two heterotic groups might be used as the important germplasm for improving bract leaf traits.

Abstract:The promoter regions of ZmCBL1 and ZmCBL9 were cloned to study the differences in expression,regulation,and function of ZmCBL1 and ZmCBL9 in maize.Results of PlantCARE analyses showed that the two promoters contained multiple cis-regulatory elements in response to drought,light,and ABA.Results of GUS activity analyses showed that ZmCBL1 and ZmCBL9 were not induced by cold stress but induced by mannitol,darkness and ABA,but their expression levels were slightly different.Due to the different regulatory elements in their sequences,there is a difference in their response to GA3 and wound stress.In addition to differences in expression under stress-induced conditions,the expression of these two promoters differed in organs (tissue) and developmental stages.Only the ZmCBL1 promoter was expressed in filaments and stigmas.It is indicated that there may be some redundancy in the functions of ZmCBL1 and ZmCBL9 at different stages of stress and development,but there are significant differences as well.

Abstract:The effects of spraying different concentrations of lime sulphur,naphthylacetic acid (NAA),ethephon or 3,5,6-TPA at different stages (full bloom,one week after full bloom,two weeks after full bloom and the middle of second physiological drop of young fruits) on flower and fruit thinning of Ponkan (Citrus reticulate Blanco) trees were studied. The results showed that spraying lime sulphur 1-3 °Bé at full bloom and 2-3 °Bé at one week after full bloom had significant effect on flower and fruit thinning.The fruit setting rate was only about half of the control. Either at one week or two weeks after full bloom,spraying three different concentrations of NAA had significant thinning effect with less than 6.5% fruit setting. Similarly,spraying different concentrations of ethephon at three different stages (full bloom,one week or two weeks after full bloom) had also significant effect on flower and fruit thinning,resulting less than 5.5% fruit set. Spraying 10 mg/L of 3,5,6-TPA at the middle of second physiological drop of young fruits did not have any significant effect on flower and fruit thinning. However,the treatment of 3,5,6-TPA at concentrations of 20,30 and 40 mg/L had more significant effect on thinning,the fruit setting rate was only about 1%. Taking the data of this study as a reference,the appropriate chemical reagents and their spraying period and concentration can be selected according to actual needs in the production,and some flowers and fruits can be eliminated to achieve the purpose of replacing the manual sparsely blooming and fruiting and increasing the fruit size.

Abstract:Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to construct DNA fingerprint patterns and molecular identity of Brasenia schreberi germplasm,an endangered aquatic plant in China.The result of UPGMA cluster analyses showed that three B.schreberi populations (SDS,HZD,HZC) from East China were clearly separated from the three populations (LCZ,LCF,LCY) from Central China.The UPGMA cluster analysis of 46 individuals of B.schreberi showed that samples from the same geographical region (Central China or East China) formed a group,whereas samples from different regions were separated.Three core ISSR primers (P817,P825,P845) can be used to amplify the special band-patterns of two B. schreberi varieties (SuHang and Lichuan),and therefore can be used for establishing molecular identity of B.schreberi germlasm.The differentiation at the molecular level of B.schreberi germlasm is consistent with their geographical isolation and diversity climate zone.It is recommend that the use of a variety of molecular markers to construct a molecular ID card database of different B.schreberi species,combined with the characteristics of traditional traits,will facilitate the more accurate identification of B.schreberi varieties resources.

Abstract:MYB transcription factors play an important role in the response under low phosphorus stress.To further confirm the role of PmMYB169 cloned from masson pine (Pinus massoniana) in the response under low phosphorus stress,the pBWA(V)HS-PmMYB169-GLosgfp vector was constructed and subcellular localization of PmMYB169 was comducted in tobacco. Then,PmMYB169 was transformed into tobacco via Agrobacterium-mediated method,and the tolerances of over-expressed-PmMYB169 transgenic lines to low phosphorus stress were analyzed. The results showed that the PmMYB169 had function in the nucleus,and 22 transgenic lines were obtained.The phosphorus contents,biomass and activities of Apase,POD and SOD were significantly higher than those of the wild type under low phosphorus stress. There is no significant differences among the normal and higher phosphorus treatments. It is indicated that over-expression of PmMYB169 significantly increase the response ability of plants under low phosphorus stress.

Abstract:The insecticide resistance level of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) to phoxim,cyhalothrin,and emamectin benzoate in the main cotton-growing areas of Yellow River Region were monitored in this study. Eight geographic populations of H. armigera were collected from Henan,Hebei,Shandong and Shanxi and tested by leaf dipping method to monitor the resistance level of H. armigera to three insecticides. The results showed that all populations of H. armigera from different monitoring area showed a middle level of resistance to phoxim,with the resistance index remained between 25.2-65.7 in 2016 and 24.2-48.8 in 2017,showing a rising trend in recent years. The resistance of H. armigera to cyhalothrin reached a middle to high level,and the resistance level and developing trend were discrepant among eight regions. The resistance level of Cangxian,Yanggu and Xiajin populations of H. armigera increased obviously,with resistance index increased from 21.3,51.9 and 128.9 in 2016 to 90.2,187.5 and 269.3 in 2017. The resistance of Qiuxian and Anyang populations of H. armigera shifted from a high level to middle level with the resistance index of 145.4 and 165.7 in 2016,and 72.2 and 59.1 in 2017. Eight populations of H. armigera showed a middle level of resistance to emamectin benzoate in 2016 and 2017,with the resistance index of 16.2-92.8 and 10.6-89.8,respectively. All the eight populations were found to have developed resistance to all three kinds of insecticides,excessive use of the same kind of insecticide therefore should be avoided or limited. In order to delay the development of insecticide resistance of H. armigera,different insecticides should be used in rotation. 

Abstract:Lactobacillus casei is a probiotic that can colonize in animal intestines.The recombinant L.casei was constructed to express human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) and to test if the bacterium has the potential of being used as live bacterial vector to express specific protein in situ to stimulate mucosal immunity.The hEGF was synthesized through splicing overlapping extension PCR (SOE PCR),and cloned into the LAB surface exhibition vector pELWH,yielding pELWH-hEGF.The plasmid resulted was electroporated into L.casei MCJΔ1.Transformants were then analyzed by Western blot and indirect immunofluorescent assay.Cell proliferation assay was used to investigate the bioactivity of hEGF expressed in L.casei.SlpA-hEGF fusion protein on the cell surface and in the supernatant was detected.The molecular weight of the SlpA-hEGF fusion protein was estimated to be approximately 55 ku.The result of cell proliferation assay showed that the SlpA-hEGF fusion protein and the supernatant can stimulates the proliferation of NIH/3T3 cells dramatically.It will lay the foundation for L.casei having the potential of being an excellent live vector for protein delivery.

Abstract:The hyperspectral images,SPAD and chlorophyll content from different part of leaf of different rapeseed plants under different nitrogen levels were collected.The methods of preprocessing hyperspectral data were calculated and compared.The PLS (partial least squares) and LS-SVM (least squares support vector machine) methods were used to build prediction model of rapeseed leaf SPAD.The results showed that the result of LS-SVM prediction model based on the SNV (standard normal variate) processing method named as SNV-LS-SVM was the best.The map of rapeseed leaf spatial distribution SPAD was constructed according the best prediction model.The SPAD value extracted from SPAD map of different rapeseed plants and positions was analyzed with chlorophyll content.The results showed that leaf on the top part of fourth rapeseed plant was the optimal measurement position.This paper combines the advantage of hyperspectral imaging technique and the non-destructive SPAD measurement method.The methods proposed realized the predicting SPAD spatial distribution of rapeseed leaf and the optimizing measurement position identification.It will provide a theoretical basis and methodological guidance for efficiently detecting chlorophyll content in rapeseed plant.

Abstract:To explore the effects of high-fat-high-carbohydrate diet on the liver and composition of gut microbiota in blunt snout bream,the histology method and meta-analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted in this study.The blunt snout bream hepatocytes appeared to be disordered in orientation,nuclear migration and vacuolization after feeding with high-fat-high-carbohydrate diet for eight weeks.A total of 175 820 quality-filtered sequences and 588 OTUs (operational taxonomic units) from six 16S rRNA libraries were obtained.The most abundant taxa (top 4) of bacteria at phylum level in both the control and experimental group (high-fat-high-carbohydrate diet) were Fusobacteria,Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria.Among these bacteria,the relative abundance of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria were higher,while the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were lower in the experimental group than that in control group.At the genus level,the relative abundance of the main microbiome in the two groups was different.The Clostridium,Romboutsia and Macellibacteroides in the experimental group were two,six and two-fold of the control group,respectively,while the Porphyromonadaceae and Aeromonas were lower in the experimental group.Analysis of unique and shared bacterial flora showed that the control and experimental group shared 82 OTUs.Twenty six OTUs were unique in the experimental group and the most abundant phyla of the unique OTUs were Proteobacteria (57.69%),Acidobacteria (11.54%) and Firmicutes (11.54%).Collectively,these results indicated that high-fat-high-carbohydrate diet fed for certain days could induce serious injury in the liver tissue of blunt snout bream,influence the composition of gut microbiota,and cause imbalance of intestinal flora,which would be bad for the health of their host.

Abstract:The purpose of this study is to explore the absorption and utilization of plant protein in artificial diets of Chinese perch.A total of 81 experimental fish with an initial weight of 13.83±0.93 g were selected to carry out the gavage feeding experiment for a week.Nine fluid isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets,with different dietary protein resources were designed,including fish meal as the control group (FM),12.5% rapeseed meal substitution group (R12),37.5% rapeseed meal substitution group (R37),R12 supplemental with L-lysine or L-methionine (R12+L or R12+M),R37 supplemental with L-lysine or L-methionine (R37+L or R37+M),and R12 or R37 co-supplemental with L-lysine and L-methionine (R12+LM or R37+LM).The results indicated that high level rapeseed meal substitution would damage the intestinal mucosa structure and decrease the intestinal enzyme activities of Na+-K+-ATP,then restrain the intestinal absorption and transportation.But lysine supplement would effectively alleviate intestinal damage and improve intestinal absorption.Besides,it could lead to down-regulation of the adenosine monophosphate deamination enzyme (AMPD1) mRNA expression and reduce the catabolism of free amino acids,which promoted amino acid retention for protein synthesis in the muscle.However,low level rapeseed meal substitution wouldn’t affect intestinal mucosa structure and enzyme activities of Na+-K+-ATP.Lysine supplement could accelerate intestinal transportation efficiency,at the same time,lysine and methionine co-supplementation could reduce the glutamic acid dehydrogenase (GDH) mRNA expression in the liver,to further decelerate the deamination of free amino acids in the liver and promote protein synthesis,which was conducive to the growth of fish.In summary,this study confirmed that the rate of 12.5% rapeseed meal substitution is acceptable for Chinese perch,lysine supplement could further enhance intestinal transportation efficiency and decelerate deamination of free amino acids,which provided a theoretical basis for the feasibility of feeding Chinese perch with plant protein instead of fish meal.

Abstract:This trial was conducted to investigate the role of the elovl1 gene from loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus).The loach elovl1 was cloned by using RT-PCR and RACE,and its expression patterns were analyzed.The loach were exposed to 8℃ and 26℃ for 30 d to evaluate the effects of cold stress on fatty acid composition,tissue morphology and expression of the elovl1 gene. The results showed that the elovl1a full-length cDNA was 2 216 bp with an ORF of 948 bp,encoding 315 amino acids and the elovl1b full-length cDNA was 1 895 bp with an ORF of 963 bp,encoding 320 amino acids.The elovl1 protein was conserved in vertebrates,containing one conserved diagnostic histidine box HXXHH motif,several transmembrane regions,and the endoplasmic reticulum retrieval signal (KXKXX) at the carboxyl terminus.The elovl1a and elovl1b were expressed in almost all tissues and the expression of elovl1a was lower than that of elovl1b in every tissue tested.Total saturated fatty acids (SFA) significantly decreased (P<0.05),and total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) significantly increased in the liver at 8℃ compared to that at 26℃ (P<0.05).Both elovl1a and elovl1b were significantly induced in the muscle and liver (P<0.05) after exposed to cold.In conclusion,elovl1 was conserved in vertebrates,which might involve in energy production and play an important role in adaptation to cold temperature.

Abstract:Sixteen microsatellite markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of Rutilus rutilus from the Beiwan section of the main stream, Habahe River and Ulungur Lake in the Irtysh River basin. The expected heterozygosity, average number of alleles and polymorphism information content were 0.916 8, 18.937 5 and 0.902 9, respectively, suggesting higher level of genetic diversity. The genetic diversity of fish in Ulungur Lake was relatively lower than that in Irtysh River. The principal component analysis showed that salinity might be the major factor for genetic diversity between Ulungur Lake and the other two sampling sites. Fst and UPGMA cluster showed that the three populations were almost non-differentiated. AMOVA analysis revealed a high genetic variation within individuals (88.47%), while the genetic variation among populations was low (1.83%), indicating lower variation levels among the three populations.

Abstract:The iridophores in the fish skin could not be observed by traditional paraffin section method,so Paramisgurnus dabryanus was used to improve the method in this experiment.The fixative was changed to 10% neutral formalin.Moreover,1.5％ agarose was used to pretreat the skin before dehydration,and 3％ eosin was used to stain the skin.The results showed that fixing the skin of P. dabryanus by 10％ formalin,pretreating by 1.5％ agarose before dehydration and staining with 3％ eosin,could get the slices with intact organizational structure and clear iridophores.Therefore,the improved paraffin section method could be used to observe iridophores in the fish skin.

Abstract:To predict loin eye area in live pig using loin eye depth,traits of 286 carcasses and 357 live pigs were measured by standard method and B-mode ultrasound scanner,respectively. The traits data from the 286 carcasses (live weight at slaughter,back fat thickness,loin eye depth,loin eye width,loin eye area and lean percentage) and 357 live pigs (live weight at end,back fat thickness,loin eye depth and loin eye area) were analyzed to set up the prediction model of loin eye area,respectively and the prediction model was verified. The results showed that the correlation coefficient between loin eye depth and loin eye area of the carcass model (0.945) was higher than that of the living model (0.720); the determination coefficient (R2) of the carcass model (0.894) was higher than that of the living model (0.519). The predicted values were consistent with the measured values of the carcass model,while the predicted and measured values of the living model were more dispersed. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and measured loin eye area was 0.497 for carcass,and 0.672 for live pig,which were significantly positively related. There was no difference between the prediction and measurement data in the carcass model,while significant difference was observed in the living model. The results showed that it is reasonable to predict the live pig loin eye area with the carcass model,but further research is needed to improve the accuracy.

Abstract:A plough-type fertilizer device, ditching the furrow with plough-type surface and fertilizing through the middle of plough leg, was designed to operate with rotary tillage unit of rapeseed direct planter and to realize positive deep fertilization function, which can improve the fertilizer utilization ratio and passing performance. The plough-type surface, plough leg and plough side plate were designed and the structure parameters of soil breaking surface and soil guide plane were determined. The relationship between forward speed and fertilizer depth, depth of ditch after soil covering were analyzed by numerical soil bin experiment. The results showed that qualification rate and stability coefficient of fertilizer depth were 95% and more than 90.37%, respectively. The forward speed was 1.1 km/h, 2.2 km/h, and 3.3 km/h, respectively. The plough-type fertilizers were assembled into rapeseed direct planter and the field test was carried out. The result showed that qualification rate of fertilizer depth was 94%. The stability coefficients of different line were 96.87%. The rapeseed root at the stage of flowering, output with drilling mixed fertilization, and vertically deep fertilization treatments were analyzed. The result showed that rapeseed root at the stage of flowering and output from deep fertilization by plough-type fertilizer device was improved.

Abstract:To detect potato metering device performance index and seeding accuracy index,the potato seed metering device performance testing system with sanding,metering,transmission,control and image processing was designed and the corresponding detection method was put forward.The metering device is fixed on the test bench,seed falls on the moving conveyor belt,and industrial camera shots video of the potatoes on the conveyor belt.The key frames of the video are determined and extracted according to the motion parameters of the conveyor belt and the frame rate of the camera.By identifying and locating the two-dimensional code pasted on the conveyor belt,the key frames are stitching to get all the potatoes without repeated images in one test.The image of seed potato was processed and analyzed.The central coordinates of each kind of seed potato were obtained.The relative position information of the seed potato was calculated to evaluate the performance of the seed metering device.The results showed that the detection system has high measurement accuracy,greatly reduces the labor intensity and has a good application value.