• Volume 36,Issue 2,2017 Table of Contents
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    • >Crop genetic improvement and cultivation
    • Functions of autophagy related gene OsATG7 in rice

      2017, 36(2):1-7.

      Abstract (1258) HTML (0) PDF 6.56 M (2938) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The relationships between autophagy and senesence in rice under darkness condition were discussed. The phenotype of OsATG7 mutants was observed. OsATG7 transgenic plants were overexpressed and interfered. The expression of OsATG7, SGR gene and the variation of chlorophyll content in different genotypes of OsATG7 mutants treated with darkness was studied. Results showed that the expression of OsATG7 was associated with rice fertility. The expression of OsATG7 and SGR gene increased sharply in homozygous mutant. The chlorophyll content of OSATG7 mutants decreased faster than that of control plants. Under darkness condition, the autophagosome only formed in control plants rather than homozygous mutants.

    • >园艺.林学
    • Landscape construction method of hot spring resorts in Japan

      2017, 36(2):8-14.

      Abstract (1788) HTML (0) PDF 10.64 M (2859) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:With the rapid development of hot spring resort in China,hot spring tourism is becoming a new form of vacation.Landscape elements and design methods of hot spring in Japanese were studied by analyzing the landscapes of hot spring resorts in Japan and comparing the development of hot spring resort in China with that in Japan.Advices including culture,humanization,terrain,landscape,water,plant on further enriching the construction methods of hot spring resorts in China are put forward.It will provide guidance for the practical operations in the future.

    • Pathogen isolation,identification and infection characteristics of wet-heartwood disease in poplar

      2017, 36(2):15-21.

      Abstract (1071) HTML (0) PDF 2.74 M (1922) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Ten dominant pathogenic strains were separated from wet-heartwood pathologic tissues of poplar varieties by tissue isolation in this research.Pathogenic strains were inoculated in healthy poplar seedlings by stem injection for pathogenic identification and then the symptom,morbidity and epidemic degree of seedlings were recorded.The results showed that pathogen 2-16 strain caused evident symptom(heartwood discoloration) after injection inoculation.The morphology,physiology,biochemistry of 2-16 pathogen strain were determined.The similarity of 16S rDNA sequence between 2-16 strains and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum NBRC 14082(AB6850554)was 99%.The 2-16 strain and NBRC 14082 were clustered in the same clade in the phylogenic tree built by Mega5.0.So the 2-16 strain was classified and identified as P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum.In order to determine the major infection path,pathogen 2-16 strain were inoculated to Zhongshi 7 poplar seedlings by leaf infection,stem carving infection,stem injection and root-irrigation respectively.Both stem carving infection and stem injection with 2-16 strain caused wet-heartwood symptoms in poplar seedlings.The morbidity,length of scab and disease index were higher or longer in stem injected plants than in stem carve infected plants.There were no wet-heartwood symptoms in leaf infection and root-irrigation treatments.The results indicated that the 2-16 strain was mainly invaded by stem wound infection.

    • >Plant protection
    • Identification and rDNA ITS sequence analysis of Fusarium wilt pathogen of asparagus

      2017, 36(2):22-27.

      Abstract (1553) HTML (0) PDF 6.07 M (1524) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:To accurately identify Fusarium wilt, an important pathogen of asparagus, and to make its taxonomic status clear, the identification was carried out using morphology examination and BLASTn based on rDNA ITS sequences, the differences of rDNA ITS sequences between Fusarium wilt fungus of asparagus and its related fungi were compared, and the phylogenetic relationship was analyzed. The result revealed that the Fusarium wilt fungus of asparagus was Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. asparagi. The differences of rDNA ITS sequences were at 76-80 bp, 104-115 bp, 129-138 bp, 151-158 bp, 175-178 bp, 382-402 bp, 438-445 bp and 473-479 bp regions between the Fusarium wilt fungus of asparagus and its related fungi from the same genus. Fungi from the 6 genera were clustered as 2 groups and 2 subgroups, and F. oxysporum f. sp. asparagi was phylogeneticly nearest related with F. equiseti and F. incarnatum.

    • Predicting forsecreted proteins from Trichoderma reesei QM6a genome

      2017, 36(2):28-32.

      Abstract (1161) HTML (0) PDF 1013.66 K (2302) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Trichoderma reesei QM6a was an important industrial production strains for cellulase production.To identify the secreted protein from T. reesei and clear its characteristic,9 143 protein sequences in T. reesei was analyzed to predict the secreted protein using 5 programs including SignalP,ProtComp,TMHMM,bigPI Fungal predictor and TargetP. Meanwhile,the distribution of amino acids,the length of signal peptide as well as the signal peptide cleavage site of secreted protein were analyzed.A total of 356 secrete proteins were found in T. reesei,and the length of amino acids and the signal peptide were different from the plant pathogens.The signal peptide cleavage site belonged to AXA type,which was consistent with other plant pathogenic fungi,bacteria and oomycete.Through the above bioinformatics analysis,the prediction of secreted proteins can be effectively achieved in T. reesei,and the type of signal peptide cleavage site was consistent with other secreted proteins from different species.

    • Attracting and killing effects of spherical traps on Chinese citrus fly,Bactrocera minax

      2017, 36(2):33-37.

      Abstract (980) HTML (0) PDF 2.14 M (2026) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:In this study,spherical traps were used to attract and kill the Chinese citrus fly,Bactrocera minax.The control efficiency of the traps was estimated under various factors,including different experimental location,citrus variety,suspension density and suspension time.Results revealed that the flies could be attracted and killed by the spherical traps in different citrus orchards and the control efficiency in naval orange orchards and mandarin orange orchards reached 97.5% and 100%,respectively.In addition,the control efficiency was closely associated with the appropriate suspension density and proper time.It is suggested that the optimum time for the control of B. minax adults by the spherical traps was from middle May to early June.According to the density and luxuriant level of citrus trees,we advised that 15 traps be suspended per 666.7 m2 of land.In conclusion,the spherical trap not only can monitor the population dynamic of B. minax in the field,but also can control this serious insect pest effectively.

    • >Resources and environment
    • Effects of polyolchelated boron fertilizers on physiological characteristics of rapeseed seedlings

      2017, 36(2):38-44.

      Abstract (1476) HTML (0) PDF 1.35 M (2311) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The rapeseed cultivar Cao221167 was used to study the effects of inorganic boric acid (BA),sorbitol (S),sorbitol boron (SB),mannitol (M),mannitol boron (MB),glycerol (G),glycerol boron (GB),inorganic and organic polyol complexes of boron on agronomic traits including root activity,pigment content,boron distribution and absorption in different parts of rapeseed seedlings in hydroponics.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the morphological and physiological characteristics of rapeseed seedlings including plant height,fresh shoot and dry weight,pigment content and root activity by only adding polyols (S,M and G) compared with boron (B0).Parameters of organic polyol and BA complexation were improved.The polyolchelated boron and BA promoted the growth of plants but the nutritional effects of complex boron on rape seedling growth and physiological characteristics were more significant.MB increased the fresh weight and dry weight of rapeseed seedling.Total dry weight and fresh weight of MB treatment were 40.56% and 17.29% higher than that of BA treatment.The contents of potassium,calcium,magnesium and other elements in rapeseed seedling treated by organic polyol complexes with different BA and GB were higher than that of B0 treatment.Ratio of GB to BA significantly increased the pigment content,root activity and the content of boron in rapeseed leaves.

    • Isolation and identification of small GTPase ROPs retrotransposons insertion mutants in Lotus japonicus

      2017, 36(2):45-52.

      Abstract (1196) HTML (0) PDF 6.25 M (2032) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Six ROPs related gene mutants were found through screening mutants library of the Lotus retrotransposons 1 insertion (http://users/mb.au.dk/pmgrp).Different homozygote M1 and M2 generation seeds were obtained by the isolation and PCR identification.Results of identification and statistical analysis of M2 generation symbiotic phenotype showed that the root nodules primordium numbers per plants of rop-like1 homozygote were significantly decreased compared with those of wild type.Both the numbers and density of infection threads per plant in rop-like4 homozygote were also significantly decreased.The nodule numbers of rop-like1 homozygote decreased significantly in comparison with those of wild type after 14 days inoculation.It will provide evidence for further studying ROPs function and regulatory mechanism in rhizobium infection and the process and development of nodules organs.

    • Characterization of small GTPase activating protein and isolation of mutant in Lotus japonicas

      2017, 36(2):53-58.

      Abstract (1185) HTML (0) PDF 5.47 M (2238) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Two genes(RacGAP1 and RacGAP3) in Lotus japonicus were identified to explore the function of small GTPase activating protein during symbiotic process. Results of pulldown assay showed that both RacGAP1 and RacGAP3 are able to interact with ROP6 CA. The result of analyzing transcription showed that RacGAP1 and RacGAP3 were expressed mainly in vascular system of roots and downregulated expressed after being inoculated with Mesorhizobium loti. Promoters of the two genes were fused with GUS reporter and separately transferred into L. japonicus by hair roots transformation. The results showed that RacGAP3 was expressed in lateral root primordia and nodule primordia,but there was no expression of RacGAP1 in both primordia.RacGAP1 and RacGAP3 LORE1 insertion mutant didn’t show any defects about nodulation. However,homozygous plants of RacGAP1 exhibited severe defects in reproduction with withered flowers and fewer pods in comparison with the wildtype. It is indicated that RacGAP1 may be involved in flower development and RacGAP3 may negatively regulate the early symbiotic process in L. japonicus.

    • Expression and activity of lotus histidine kinase 1 in Lotus japonicus

      2017, 36(2):59-63.

      Abstract (1117) HTML (0) PDF 2.05 M (1921) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Lotus histidine kinase 1 is a cytokinin receptor protein which serves an important function in symbiotic signaling pathway and nodules formation.Two sets of eukaryotic expression vectors were built and expressed in tobacco expression system and baculovirus insect expression system to study the function of LHK1 protein.The results showed that it can be expressed in tobacco and insect cells.The LHK1 protein expressed has histidine protein kinase activity in vitro.It will be useful for further studying the biochemical mechanism of LHK1 in symbiotic signaling pathway.

    • Cloning and heterologous expression of nosZ gene in Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus NY4

      2017, 36(2):64-68.

      Abstract (1157) HTML (0) PDF 1.50 M (1996) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The nosZ gene encoded N2OR was cloned and expressed heterologously.One denitrifying strain named as Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus NY4 was used in the experiment.The existence of N2OR in strain NY4 was confirmed by analyzing gaseous products produced by denitrification.The full-length nosZ gene (1 896 bp) was obtained by PCR amplification with a pairs of specific primers,which only shared 46.9% similarity with the nosZ gene from G. thermodenitrificans. The heterologous expression of the nosZ gene in Escherichia coli was carried out.The nosZ gene from strain NY4 was further expressed in E. coli.The activity of N2OR was successfully detected.The enzyme activity was (0.20±0.01) U/mg.

    • Prediction of rapeseed leaf area index based on hyperspectral data

      2017, 36(2):69-77.

      Abstract (1380) HTML (0) PDF 1.07 M (2466) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Plot experiments of the winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) with different nitrogenous levels under direct seeding treatment were conducted in 2014-2015.The canopy spectral reflectance,soil background,LAI of each plot were measured at different stages.Correlation analysis between the canopy spectral reflectance and LAI was used to calculate eleven vegetation indices and twelve spectral parameters based on spectral position and area for optimizing five kinds of linear and nonlinear (logarithm,parabola,power and exponential) quantitative remote sensing inversion models to estimate LAI at the different and whole growth stages.The results showed that the quadratic polynomial inversion models perfectly estimated LAI of winter rapeseed using hyperspectral techniques.The spectral red edge parameters estimated accurately LAI at seedling stage.The predicted models based on Dr,NBR,Dr produced better estimation for LAI at six-leaf stage,eight-leaf stage and tenleaf stage,respectively.R2 was 0.81,0.79 and 0.92(P<0.01),respectively.RMSEP (root mean square error of predicted models) was 0.39,0.60 and 0.47,respectively. RPD (residual predictive deviation) was 1.62,2.30 and 2.36,respectively.The predicted models based on SDb and RDVI produced better estimation for LAI at full-bloom stage and pod stage with R2 of 0.87 and 0.74(P<0.01),RMSEP of 0.34 and 0.57,and RPD of 2.57 and 1.36.The unified validation of models(R2 0.75,RMSEP>0.65,RPD<1.4) showed that there was low prediction precision with the unified spectral variables or vegetation indices monitoring LAI at the whole stages of growth.The prediction accuracy of monitoring model based on the appropriate spectral variables and vegetation indices to estimate LAI at different stages of the winter rapeseed growth was high.

    • >Animal science.Veterinary medicine
    • Potential of greenhouse gas emissions from livestock in Hubei Province

      2017, 36(2):78-83.

      Abstract (1564) HTML (0) PDF 1000.89 K (1934) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:According to the amount of animal husbandry in Hubei Province from 2007 to 2014 and the “Guidelines for the provincial inventory of greenhouse gas emissions (Trial)”,the potential of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during livestock production in Hubei Province were evaluated. Besides,the total GHG emissions from different regions of Hubei Province in 2010,the methane (CH4) from gastrointestinal fermentation and manure management systems,and N2O from manure management systems,were compared. The results showed that:(1) There was an increasing trend of GHG emissions in Hubei Province from 2007 to 2014,and the amount in 2014 reached 15 350 100 tons of CO2eq; (2) The high emissions appeared in Xiangyang,Xiaogan,Huanggang and Enshi areas in 2010,accounting for 58.81% of the total; (3) Non-dairy cattle and buffalo contributed for 43% and 31% for CH4 generated from gastrointestinal fermentation,respectively; Pig manure was the main source of CH4 and N2O emissions,accounting for 83% and 39%,respectively.

    • Isolation and identification of Toxoplasma gondii strains from pigs in Liaoning Province

      2017, 36(2):84-88.

      Abstract (1124) HTML (0) PDF 1.32 M (1842) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Serum from 2 063 pigs from a slaughterhouse in Liaoning Province were collected and detected by modified agglutination test (MAT).The results showed that the samples with titer≥25 were 233 and the positive rate was 11.3%.A total of 67 pigs with titer≥100 were chosen for Toxoplasma gondii isolation,in which 23 T. gondii strains were isolated from the heart tissues with an isolation rate of 34.3%.In this study,T. gondii strains were isolated successfully,showing the infectious status of pig toxoplasmosis in Liaoning Province,which poses a huge potential threat to public health.

    • Redescription and phylogenetic study of Trypanosoma pingi

      2017, 36(2):89-95.

      Abstract (1002) HTML (0) PDF 3.12 M (1583) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Fish trypanosome is a kind of flagellated parasitic protozoa which parasitizes in the blood of fish,causing harm of fish and economic losses.Clinical signs of the disease include depressed,general oedema and visceral hemorrhage.But the taxonomic of trypanosome and basic research is quite limited and backward.During the parasite fauna investigation,a freshwater fish trypanosome was isolated from the blood of crucian carps.According to the morphological comparison between the trypanosome we got and other trypanosomes data,it was identified as Trypanosoma pingi and was redescribed using 13 morphometric characterizations.SSU rDNA sequences were also compared.The sequence alignments revealed that the present SSU rDNA sequence was most similar to that of Trypanosoma pseudobagri (94.62%),but the morphological variation were significant different,suggesting that T. pingi and T. pseudobagri might be different genotypes.

    • Prokaryotic expression and preparation of monoclonal antibody against ORF25 protein of cyprinid herpesvirus Ⅱ

      2017, 36(2):96-101.

      Abstract (1126) HTML (0) PDF 3.45 M (1943) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The cyprinid herpesvirus Ⅱ (CyHV-2) ORF25 gene mainly encode membrane proteins,which show good antigenicity by antigen eptitope prediction.In this study,ORF25 gene segment was amplified by PCR and cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-KG.The CyHV-2 ORF25-KG fusion protein (42 ku) was expressed highly under induction of IPTG in the E. coli BL21,and this fusion protein was mainly expressed in the insoluble composition.One monoclonal antibody (McAb 5C6) against ORF25 protein were generated by fusion of mouse myeloma cell line SP2/0 and spleen lymphocytes from immunized mice.The McAb 5C6 was further characterized by IFA (indirect immunofluorescent assay) and Western blot assay.This study laid a foundation for the research of the pathogenesis and the detection method of CyHV-2.

    • >Food science and agricultural engineering
    • Isolation,purification and characterization of antioxidant peptides from rice dreg

      2017, 36(2):102-107.

      Abstract (1005) HTML (0) PDF 1.12 M (2666) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Highly purified antioxidant peptides,named as part 2 and part RF9,were isolated and purified from rice peptides with GFC and RP-HPLC methods.The results of RP-HPLC-ESI-MS analyses showed that the amino acid sequence was LQPY(520.277 u).The DPPH free radical scavenging rate of 1 mg/mL synthetic fragments LQPY reached 85.84%.

    • Parameters matching and trajectory analysis of transplanting mechanism for rapeseed pot seedling

      2017, 36(2):108-116.

      Abstract (1043) HTML (0) PDF 5.90 M (1865) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Transplanting is a sensitive and precise operation affected by structural parameters of the mechanism and tractor rotating speed fluctuation during operation.A model was established to detect transplanting mechanism by using ADAMS.Parameters matching and trajectory analyses of structural parameters and working parameters were investigated and corresponding tractor velocity v and planting frequency f range were determined.The results showed that the exact length of transplanting arm and driven transplanting arm were 300 mm and 305 mm,respectively.The length of connection rod having greater affect on transplanting performance was 95 mm with the locus height of 225 mm.The optimal matching combination was obtained when f/v was 200.The corresponding feasible planting frequency range increased proportionally with tractor velocity.There was good adaptability in the range between 240 mm and 375 mm transplanting spacing for transplanting mechanism.Results of high-speed camera test indicated that the actual moving track was consistent with the theoretical one.The results of field trials showed that qualified percentage of the depth and length of the hole were 90.7% and 84% with the coefficient of variation being 7.1% and 6.6%,respectively.It can meet the demand of transplanting process of the seedling.It will provide a reference for the adaptability of field operation.

    • Mechanical properties of cotton bowl seedling and cotton bowl

      2017, 36(2):117-122.

      Abstract (1080) HTML (0) PDF 1.03 M (1787) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Cotton cultivars including E′kangmian-10 and Tongza 411 were used to study the mechanical damage of cotton bowl seedling during seedling transplanting.The shear and bending of cotton seedling was tested at different loading rate.The cotton bowl was tested with compression.Twofactor variance analysis with duplication was used to analyze shear strength and bending strength.The results showed that the shear strength and bending strength was increased with the increase of the loading rates.When loading rate was the same,the shear strength and bending strength of E′kangmian 10 were greater than that of Tongza 411.Both the load rate and varieties had significant effect on the shear strength and bending strength.The interaction between them had no significant effect on the shear strength and bending strength of cotton seedling.Bowl rupture force was 73.3-110.5 N and 100.3-192.3 N at radial and axial compression.The anti-extrusion capability of bowl had anisotropies.It will provide a theoretical basis for the design of mechanically transplanting the cotton seedling.

    • Inspection methods of feed main nutritional components by NIRS and hyperspectral imaging

      2017, 36(2):123-129.

      Abstract (987) HTML (0) PDF 1.20 M (1833) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:403 samples of compound feed were collected to study the rapid detection methods of hyperspectral imaging used to detect the nutrition components of the compound feed.Visible/infrared reflectance spectroscopy information of samples was collected by hyperspectral imager and leveragestudents residuals were used to eliminate outliers.Sample set was divided by the method of CG,SPXY and KS according to the proportion of 3∶1.Combined with different spectral pretreatment methods of MC,AS,FD,SD,OSC,MSC,SNV,Detrend and their combinations,the optimal optical wave length was selected by correlation index.Partial least squares (PLS) stoichiometric methods were used to establish the quantitative analysis model of crude protein,crude ash,moisture,total phosphorus,calcium content in compound feed based on hyperspectral image technology.Through validation,the validation set decision coefficient R2V of crude protein,root mean square error RMSEP,and relative analysis error RPDV was 0.777 8,2.6155%,and 2.114 3,respectively.When the R2V of crude ash was 0.775 8,RMSEP and RPDV was 1.0611% and 2.120 4.When the R2V of water was 0.631 4,RMSEP and RPDV was 1.6003% and 1.937 1.When the R2V of total phosphorus was 0.467 2,RMSEP and RPDV was 0.1916% and 1.357 0.When the R2V of calcium was 0.440 6,RMSEP and RPDV was 0.1755% and 1.310 5.Comparing those models,the effect of the optimal model of crude protein and crude ash established by the hyperspectral image technology was found to estimate performance better.Both of them can be used in the actual quantitative analysis.The quantitative analysis model of water prediction accuracy is still not ideal and needs to be further optimized.The quantitative analysis model of calcium and total phosphorus prediction ability is poor and cannot be used for quantitative analysis.

    • >Literature summaries
    • Physiological and genetic basis in nitrogen efficiency of Brassica napus: a review

      2017, 36(2):130-139.

      Abstract (1195) HTML (0) PDF 2.88 M (2069) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Nitrogen (N) is one of the essential macronutrients for plant growth and development.Large amount of N fertilizers are required for rapeseed (Brassica napus) production,while the N use efficiency (NUE) of B. napus is very low.Results of previous researches showed that there was large genotypic variation for NUE among B. napus cultivars.Compared with low-N efficiency genotypes,high-N efficiency genotypes had advantages in N uptake,transportation,metabolism,photosynthesis and remobilization etc.The expression level of genes involved in processes including nitrate transporters,ammonium transporters,genes encoding enzymes involved in N metabolism was significantly affected by N availability.Significant differences were found in the expression level of genes involved in N efficiency between low-N efficiency cultivars and high-N efficiency cultivars.This paper reviewed the progresses in physiological basis and molecular mechanism in N efficiency of B. napus from two aspects including genotypic variation of NUE among different B.napus cultivars,and physiological and molecular basis of B.napus with N efficiency.

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