Abstract:Rice endogenous transcription factor OsC1 and OsPAC1, which may regulate the biosynthesis of anthocyanidin,were isolated from black rice Heishuai and overexpressed in white rice Chao 2 10 and ZH11.Anthocyanin accumulation was observed in the resistant callus,leaves,leaf sheath,apiculus of OsC1 overexpressed Chao 210.Results of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that anthocyanins cyanidin 3- O-glucoside and peonidin 3-O-glucoside were accumualted in OsC1 overexpressed Chao 210.No anthocyanin accumulation were observed in other transgenic rice materials including OsC1 overexpressed Chao 2-10,OsC1overexpressed ZH11 and OsPAC1 overexpressed ZH11.Expression analysis of structural genes related to the pathway of anthocyanin biosynthesis in transgenic rice showed that most of the structural genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis were upregulated in OsC1 overexpressed Chao 210 and ZH11 exceptOsDFR.Expressions of OsCHS,OsCHI,OsANS and OsUFGT were up regulated in OsPAC1 overexpressed Chao 2 10,but the expression levels of OsF3H and OsF3′H were not changed.Expressions of OsCHS,OsANS and OsUFGT were up regulated in OsPAC1 overexpressed ZH11.The expression level of OsCHI,OsF3H,and OsF3′H kept unchanged.

Abstract:分别用不同质量分数的 NaCl、PEG 6000处理水生型 Eleocharis baldwinii，解剖结构观察、叶绿素含量测定以及 C4 循环相关酶活性测定结果显示： 0.4% NaCl 或 3.0% PEG6000 溶液诱导水生型 E. baldwinii 长出新的“花环型”结构，呈现类 C4 表型。

Abstract:In order to study genetic diversity and relationships of MAGIC parents of Brassica oleracea ,and provide the basis of the hybridization experiments of different subspecies.The singlecopy genes were identified with bioinformatics and some intron sequences of them were used to construct the phylogenetic tree of 12 parents from 7 subspecies.We identified 7 930 single copy genes form whole Brassica oleracea genome and randomly chosen from them of different chromosomes to amplify and sequence their intron sequences,resulting in a total of 3 427 bp intron sequences.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that intron sequence method was suitable for relationship analysis in the different sub species of Brassica oleracea L., which were obviously divided into three Clades:the Clade Ⅰ of cauliflowers and broccoli,the Clade Ⅱof kales and the Clade Ⅲ of head cabbage,brussels sprouts,kohlrabi and cabbage mustard.What’s more,cauliflower and broccoli are closely related and Chinese kale ( B. oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey) belongs to B. oleracea.The intron sequences of singlecopy genes will provide robust results on relationships of MAGIC parents and theoretical reference for hybridization of MAGIC parents in future.

Abstract:The genetic diversity of Quercus aquifolioides population located at different altitudes (2 750~3 500 m) of Jade Dragon Snow Mountain in the northwest of Yunnan Province was investigated with amplification fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) markers.The results showed that the ratio of polymorphic loci was 100%.Shannon diversity index I was 0.54 and the Nei’s gene diversity index He was 0.37,indicating that the Quercus aquifolioides had high genetic diversity at species level.I and He wereagreed,indicating that the genetic diversity of 6 populations varied with altitude gradient.The genetic diversity from 3 050 m to 3 350 m was high.The genetic diversity of 2 7502 900 m and 3 500 m group was decreased.Results of the genetic differentiation of Quercus aquifolioides Gst (0.089) and AMOVA analysis (Phist = 0.110) showed that there was a low level of genetic differentiation among populations.Gene flow among population was 5.12,suggesting that high gene flow may be a main factor leading to high levels of the genetic diversity among populations.

Abstract:Based on the continuous measurement of the soil respiration of typical Pinus massoniana forest in Zigui County of Three Gorges Reservoir Area,the spatial variation characteristics of soil respiration in sample scale was studied. The effects of factors including physical and chemical properties of soil,microbial biomass and fine root biomass on spatial heterogeneity of soil respiration were analyzed using geostatistics combining with the classic statistics. The results showed that soil respiration had an obvious seasonal dynamics due to the changes of soil temperature among different seasons. Soil respiration had a moderate variation in each season with a coefficient of variation between 32.6% and 46.3%. Soil respiration had a spatial autocorrelation characteristic and a clear patchy distribution,and could be described well by spherical model or exponential model. Spatial variation of soil respiration in the forest stand was controlled by the biomass of fine root,the porosity of the surface layer soil and the soil available nitrogen.

Abstract:LC-MS based metabolomics analysis was used to explore metabolic profile of Coniothyrium minitans co-culture with its host fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorumThe results showed that coculture could significantly influence fungal metabolic profile.Three metabolites,namely Macrosphelide A,Benzenediol,and 5Aminopentanoate,were identified in C. minitans specific metabolites database and the largest metabolites accumulation was detected at 2 d of coculture.This approach allowed the investigation of metabolic patterns in mycoparasitism and indicated that mycoparasitism could induce metabolites communication and secondary metabolites accumulation.

Abstract:In order to obtain more microorganism resources to control soybean cyst nematodes (SCN),control efficiency of three fungal strains including Aspergillus niger NBC001, Penicillium oxalicum NBC008 and P. oxalicum NBC012 on soybean cyst nematodes were evaluated. In vivo analyses showed that all three fungi fermentation were lethal to nematode juveniles. The revised mortality of 2 times dilutions against SCN juveniles was about 90%,and the inhibition of egg hatchability was>68%. The pot experiment showed that cyst number treated with NBC001,NBC008,NBC012 fermentations were reduced by 50.07%,59.88%,57.45%,respectively,compared with the control . The height of plant increased by 11.3% and 18.6% after treated with NBC001 and NBC012 fermentations,while the length of root increased by 26.7% after treated with NBC008 fermentations. The present investigation suggested that fermentations of NBC001,NBC008,NBC012 could be used to control soybean cyst nematode.

Abstract:A system was established as the core of the surface features spectrometer data acquisition platform.The spectral data were collected for processing by computer fitting using spectral analysis software ViewSpecPro,Excel and SPSS statistical software for data inversion to explore four forms of the canopy of citrus spectrum and LAI (leaf area index,LAI) correlation,the advantages of the most relevant spectral parameters of LAI estimation and simulation of quantitative realtime acquisition were taken.Results showed that the correlation coefficient of LAI and spectral information on NDVI,the reflection energy of ρ550,the reflection energy of ρ850,the first derivative,the red edge amplitude,the red edge area was 0.886,0.906,0.871,0.912,0.798,0.870,with equation of a significant level less than 0.05.NDVI,red edge magnitude and the edge area and LAI reached a high level of correlation.Citrus tree canopy can be simulated and estimated.

Abstract:To realize the recycling use of crop straws,artificial diets were fermented by mixing crop straw powder with wheat bran and used for mass rearing of house flies, Musca domestica (Diptera:Muscidae).The results showed that the efficiency of converting corn straw into dietary requirements by M. domestica was the best,followed by wheat straw and rice straw.The content of crude protein and crude fat of corn straw in artificial diets significantly decreased after insect feeding.Similar effect were found in the contents of soluble sugar,starch,crude protein and crude fat in the artificial wheat straw diet.The best diet for mass rearing of the house fly was the fermented corn or wheat straws mixed with wheet bran at the proportion 1∶1 each.For the feeding assays,200 mg of M. domestica newhyhatched larvas was supplied with 250 g of diet.

Abstract:The luxS gene from quorum sensing system of K. pneumoniae was deleted to study the mechanism of quorum sensing. The yield of 2,3butanediol and several byproducts in the K. pneumoniae wild type and its luxS mutant was compared. Results showed that the yield of 2,3-butanediol in the luxS mutant was 47.75% higher than that in the production with the same concentration of glucose. The concentration of the by products including succinic acid, lactic acid and ethanol was obviously decreased.

Abstract:Methods including insertion mutagenesis with transposon mTn5gusA-pgfp21-, inverse PCR, DNA sequencing, Southern blot, motility tests and Biolog ECO were used to study the motility correlated genes in Klebsiella oxytoca KO108. The results showed that a mutant library of KO108 with Kan resistance, GUS and GFP marker was constructed by conjugating KO108 with pFAJ1819∶∶21/Escherichia coli S17.1. Two strains with striking decrease in motility ability, named as MA and MD, were screened from 100 mutants randomly selected from the library. The solo insertion of transposon mTn5gusApgfp21 in the MA and MD was verified with Southern blot by using gfp as probe. The size of fragments inserted by mTn5gusApgfp21 was confirmed with the same method. Results of motility tests showed that the movement ability of KO108 was distinctly stronger than that of MA and MD(P<0.05). There was no significant difference of movement ability between MA and MD. Results of inverse PCR and DNA sequencing proved that the flanking sequence of mTn5gusA pgfp21 integration sites in the genome of MA was homologous with gene of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase(NqrA) for the MA and the flanking sequence of mTn5gusApgfp21 integration sites in the genome of MD was homologous with the gene cluster of lipopolysaccharide synthesis for the MD. The growth curves among the strains of MA, MD and KO108 were not obviously different. Results of velum tests showed that MD was different from KO108 and MA, but it could not be distinguished easily between the later two. Results of assaying carbon source utilization with Biolog ECO showed that MA and MD could not use gamma D galactose acid lactone and 2 hydroxy benzoic acid in 72 h. It will lay a solid foundation for further studying genes involved in motility of K. oxytoca.

Abstract:To clarify the roles of virulence genes and extracellular products played in the pathogen city of Aeromonas,PCR amplification,SDS-PAGE electrophoresis,plate diffusion and phylogenetic analysis were used in this study to investigate into the differences of extracellular virulence factors from 7 trains of pathogenic Aeromonasisolated from diseased eels. The results showed that these 7 strains were significantly different in the amount and types of virulence genes (hly,aer,ast,act,alt,ahpA,epr and exu),of which hly may be mainly responsible for the pathogenicity of Aeromonas. The extracellular products of the 7 Aeromonas strains were different in both the amount and types,but 5 strains contained an~50.7 ku protein which might be the product of aer gene. All the 7 Aeromonas strains exhibited hemolytic activity,protease activity of casein and lecithin in all the different growth phases tested,and their detectable activities were consistent with expression of virulence genes. Genes hly and ahp were highly conserved between genus,while exu was specific even within species.

Abstract:The recombinant protein of cathepsin B in Marsupenaeus japonicus was obtained by prokaryotic expression.Opening reading frame of the cathepsin B gene was amplified with specific primer which containEco RⅠand NotⅠrestriction sites and 6×His tag from the ovary,connected with expression vector pGEX 4T2 and introduced into E. col BL21.The optimal induction was acquired at 5 h with IPTG concentration of 1 mmol/L at 30 ℃.The recombinant protein was purified by His affinity column.A series of urea buffers (8 mol/L,6 mol/L,4 mol/L,2 mol/L,1 mol/L and 0 mol/L) were used for gradient dialysis.The soluble recombinant proteins were preserved in -80 ℃ after freezedrying.The molecular weight of the protein was 63 ku measured by SDS-PAGE.The polyclonal antibody was prepared by using the freezedried proteins,and the antiserum titer of antibody was 50 000 by ELISA. The specificity of it can be detected by Western blot.The preparation of antibody laid the foundation for protein expression and gene function study of cathepsin B.

Abstract:To enrich the cytogenetics of Odontobutis sinensis and provide fundamental information for the establishment of the germplasm standard,breeding of O. sinensis and evolution of Odontobutidae species,karyotype of O. sinensis collected from Liangzi Lake were analyzed by intraperitoneal injection of PHA and colchicines,cultivation in vivo and slides preparation with airdrying and Giemsa staining. The erythrocyte nuclear DNA content (2.50 pg/2C) of Gallus sp. was used as the standard reference,and the erythrocyte nuclear DNA content of O. sinensis were measured by flow cytometry. Cytogenetic analysis of O. sinensis inferred a diploid chromosome number of 2n=44,with a chromosome formula equal to 44T (NF=44),irrespective of sex. The karyotype exhibited large and small chromosome pairs:telocentric pairs 1 (5.914%) and telocentic pair 22 (3.332%). Neither the secondary constriction nor the satellites were found. Nuclear DNA content analysis of O. sinensis suggested an average value of 2.38 pg/2C,while the genome size of the species was 1.17×109 bp. 

Abstract:We observed the behaviors including hiding in gaps and swimming layers of yellow catfish larvae and juveniles under laboratory condition.The results showed that the 118dayold larvae preferred hiding in gaps,but 1925 days old juveniles did not select gaps.The 118 days old larvae significantly preferred hiding in gaps during the day than at night.The 27 days old larvae significantly preferred hiding in 0.3 cm gaps than in 0.5 cm gaps,and the 918 days old larvae only selected a wide (0.5 cm) gap.Before 18 d,the percentage of larvae preferring the bottom gap (20 cm above the bottom) was significantly higher than that preferring surface gap (20 cm below the surface) during the day.At night,the percentage of 1318 days old larvae preferring the bottom gap (20 cm above the bottom) was not significant different from that preferring surface gap (20 cm below the surface).The 310 days old larvae and 2132 days old juveniles preferred habitat in bottom water (less than 20cm from the bottom),and 1120 days old juveniles showed a fluctuation preference in different water layers.The results could help to improve yellow catfish fry rearing methods and increase the survival rate of fry rearing.

Abstract:Three kinds of industrial proteases were applied to investigate the effect of hydrolysis process on the functional properties of crass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus) scale derived collagen peptide.The results revealed that collagen peptide with different DH and the same DH by different proteases showed different properties.For alcalase 2.4L FG group,after 4 h of hydrolysis,the clearance of DPPH free redical,emulsifying activity index (EAI) and DH were 82.14%,70.12 m2/g and 9.5%,respectively.For protamex group and neutrase 1.5 MG group,after 4 h of hydrolysis,the DH of collagen peptide were 8.7% and 7.2%,the clearance of DPPH free redical were 86.32% and 70.15%,and the EAI were 32.93 m2/g and 36.88 m2/g,respectively.

Abstract:A pneumatic precision drilling planter of rice was designed to meet agronomic requirement of planting rice budded seed in dry land.It levelled the land,opened the fertilizer ditch,fertilized under the rice budded seed,opened the furrows and seeding ditch with simultaneous sowing,covering and rolling.The drilling planter in dry land used doublesided pneumatic precision seed metering device to absorb 2 to 4 rice budded seeds with no damage to rice budded seeds.The microlevel swing plow was used to open the furrows and the before and after double helical blade was used to level the land.The double disc opener and fertilizer metering device with outer sheave was used to put fertilizer under the rice budded seeds.To reduce the longitudinal length of the drilling planter and prevent the tilt of tractor affecting the sowing depth while walking，a seeding device of copying monobloc was designed.Results of field trials showed that the qualified rate of thedrilling planter was 86.7%.The broken ratio of rice budded seed was 0.8%.This drilling planter fully meets requirement of the relevantnational standards.

Abstract:An unpowered orchard transporter relied on its own gravity was developed to solve the difficulties of fruits transportation in large slope mountain. The design was mainly composed of adaptive gravity damping device, fast braking apparatus, remotecontrol system, gearbox, cooling fun, carriages, etc. The system can achieve one side of the carriages with fruits driving down in the cement trough or slope at the degrees of 20 to 50 relying on the gravity of fruits in a moderate speed and the other side of the empty carriages driving up the hill. The transporter only requires a storage battery(12 V) to provide the power when the control system makes the fast brake apparatus to work. The transporter can realize reliable barking at any point along the cement trough. Results showed that the transporter kept the temperature of the bark drum between 20 ℃ and 50 ℃ when the carriages was driving at the speed of 0.7 m/s with the maximum load of 1 000 kg. The transporter operated simply, worked reliably and run smoothly with no extra power, which is suitable for the remote large slope mountainous area with energy conservation and environment protection.

Abstract:A dynamic scanning detection device combining with the the linear optical image acquisition,the synchronous belt transmission technology and the crusher screen breakage recognition system based on virtual instrument development platform LabVIEW was developed to figure out a rapid and automatic identification method of screening crusher based on characteristics of pulverized material particles.Two kinds of corn and wheat grain were used to verify the effectiveness of the system.Using the average area of a particle as judging index,the average recognition rate of crushed corn screen breakage under the screen pore sizes of 2,4 and 6 mm was 91.25%,82.50% and 96.25%,crushed wheat screen breakage average recognition rate was 93.75%,86.25% and 78.75%,respectively.Using coefficient of variation in particle area as judging index,average recognition rate of crushed corn under the screen pore sizes of 2,4 and 6 mm was 93.75%,98.75% and 97.50%,respectively.The average recognition rate of crushed wheat screen breakage was 93.75%,87.50% and 96.25%,respectively.The results showed that the effect of using the coefficient of area variation as judging index of distinguishing screen breakage recognition was better than that of the average area.The automatic identification system developed can realtime identify grinder broken and screen automatically.

Abstract:The inclined vibration platform and silver carps were used to explore theoretical basis of the vibration device for orientating fish’s head and tail.The motion rules of silver carps on the platform were theoretically studied.After obtaining parameters of a fish,the movement of the fish on the inclined vibration platform was simulated by Matlab.The relationship of orientation time with size of excitation force,angle between excitation force and platform,dip angle of platform and frequency of excitation force was investigated.Taking self manufactured orientation equipment as test equipment,highspeed camera as monitoring device and silver carps weighted about 1 kg as research objects,the orientation time and orientation success rates under different input parameters were studied.Based on the results of numerical simulation and experiment,the rules of orientation time and success rates with size of exciting force,angle between exciting force and platform,dip angle of platform and frequency of exciting force were discribed,which will provide important basis for designing the orientation device of freshwater fish head and tail.