Abstract:Our research paid attention to molecular evolution and structure of KsgA/Dim1 family in cyanobacteria,which catalyzes the dimethylations of two neighboring adenines in small ribosomal subunit rRNA. The phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA and ksgA gene from MEGA 5.2 showed evolutionary conservation of KsgA/Dim1 family in cyanobacteria. The homology model of KsgA protein constructed by SWISS-MODEL indicated that the fold of KsgA of cyanobacteria is two-domain architecture and relatively well conserved. The functional complementation assay was used to express KsgA from cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803, Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 and Synechococcus elongates sp. strain PCC 7942 in Escherichia coli mutant to detect dimethyltransferase activity. The results indicated that the functions of E. coli ksgA mutanats was complemented by cyanobacteria ksgA to some extent.

Abstract:The morphology,16S rDNA and phospholipid fatty acid composition of two isolates including CB001 and CB002 cultured in liquid medium and on the solid plate was studied.The result of morphology and phylogeny analysis confirmed that both CB001 and CB002 were belonged to Arthrospira platensis.The result of fatty acid composition analysis showed that 16∶00,16∶1 w7c,18∶1 w9c,18∶2 w6c,14∶0 anteiso and 16∶1 w7c alcohol were the main PLFAs in the genus Arthrospira.18∶1 w5c and 16∶3 w6c were the characteristic PLFA of strain CB001 and CB002,respectively.The PLFA patterns of both CB001 and CB002 were affected significantly by culture conditions.Further application of PLFA technique could be used to identify and classify Arthrospira,or estimate biomass or purity in large-scale bacterial proliferation.

Abstract:The cyanobacteria of Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 and Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 are important models in basic and applied studies.Both species are conventionally cultured in BG11,although they show very distinct physiology.The effects of several nutrients in BG11 medium on the growth of Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 and Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 were investigated.Results showed that the growth of Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 and Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 was best at 10 mmol/L NO-3 and 2 mmol/L NO-3,respectively.Different concentrations of KHCO3 and NaHCO3 had different effects on the growth,indicating that both metal ions and HCO3- had a major role.For Na2S2O3  and Fe,the growth of Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 and Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 was best at 10 mmol/L and 10 μmol/L,respectively.

Abstract:The filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 is able to undergo cell differentiation.When facing nitrogen deficiency,5%~10% vegetative cells will develop into heterocysts for fixing nitrogen.Thus this strain is an excellent material for studying nitrogen fixation and prokaryotic cell differentiation.Isolation of high quality heterocysts is a prerequisite to study their physiological changes and regulation of related gene.However,currently available methods for isolating heterocyst are usually time-consuming,low yield and low purity,unable to fullfill the requirements of many researches.An efficient method for isolating heterocyst was developed,in which vegetative cells were effectively broken in the presence of 2 mg/mL lysozyme and 0.1% Triton X-100,allowing heterocysts to be enriched with high purity and good integrity.This method will greatly facilitate heterocyst-related studies.

Abstract:A ftsZ-gfp fusion strain was constructed to observe the subcellular localization of FtsZ,in which the ftsZ-gfp was integrated into genome in situ by single-crossover recombination. The results showed that this method guaranteed the normal expression of the gene and accurately reflected the subcellular localization of the protein. It is a simple and effective method for studying the subcellular localization of proteins.

Abstract:The filaments were embedded in glass bottom plate to fix filaments by using low melting point agarose. A real-time observation of microscopic culture system for Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 was prepared. Results showed that Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 grew well in glass bottom culture dish,and exhibited normal activity of cell division and differentiation. The continuous dynamics changes of cell division protein FtsZ and DNA double-stranded damage response of protein RecN during cell division process through this cultivation method were observed. It is indicated that continuous fixed-point observation of the same filament was successfully achieved.

Abstract:The cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 is one of the most important models for studying photosynthesis and ecology.Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and semi-quantitative PCR are extensively exploited to investigate the gene expression of this cyanobacterium. The quality of quantitative PCR template has a decisive influence on final data and the experimental results.When preparing Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 RNA for quantitative PCR,degradation occurs frequently,leading to unreliable results.Methods for preparating quantitative PCR template from Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 were improved.Results showed that the RNA isolated with the improved method was more intact and can be directly reverse-transcribed to the cDNA template for quantitative PCR.Using the cDNA template obtained,detecting genes with high expression can be performed simply by semi-quantitative PCR,while detection of those genes with low expression requires real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.

Abstract:Two seedling age (Y1,15 d and Y2,20 d) and three sowing date (B1:25th June,B2:30th June and B3:5th July) were used to study the effects of sowing date and seedling age on grain yield of late rice with mechanical transplanting.The results showed that the yield of B2 and B1 were no significantly different,but 8.7% and 3.5% higher than that of B3.The yield components except 1 000-grain weight decreased with delaying the sowing date.The yield of Hyou 518 and EJ 403 decreased from the highest yield to lowest yield were 45% and 13.5%,respectively.The post-heading biomass accumulation of the former was significantly lower than that of the latter.The yield of Y1 of B2 and B3 was 0.2 t/hm2 higher than that of Y2 except B1,because the booting stage of B1 through high temperature led to a significant decrease of spikelet.The late indica rice under low temperature was more sensitive than the late japonica rice.The former must be sown early for high yield,because the delayed sowing date may be against the grain filling.The latter one for high yield should be sown early to have enough seeds.The seeding age of both should be less than 20 d.Further studies are needed to investigate the physiological changes caused by sowing date and seeding age.

Abstract:To study the Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) transmission pattern and symptoms,quantitative real-time PCR and RT-PCR assay and visual inspection were performed in differentiated banana shoots of different varieties infected by CMV. The results showed that there were no obvious symptoms of the differentiated banana shoots in different varieties such as ‘Yueyoukang No.1’,‘Williams’,‘Dajiao’ and ‘Huangdijiao’. The concentrations of CMV in the differentiated banana shoots of these varieties were not the same in different generations. However,the CMV concentrations of the top-one or (and) top-two leaves were higher than those in other leaves. Hence,the top leaves of differentiated banana shoots could be collected as samples for virus detection. 

Abstract:In order to screen out the appropriate agricultural wastes and their application amount,which could prevent root knot nematode,six kinds of agricultural wastes including banana stems and leaves,sugarcane leaves,mushroom residue,rice straw,corn stalk and tea bran were composted and the control effect of these wastes on tomato root knot nematode were evaluated by pot experiment.The results showed that application of tea bran compost of 200 g per pot and sugarcane leaves compost of 300 g per pot had the best control effect,which prevented 80.71% root-knot nematode.The control effect of other composts increased with the increase of their application amount,except that the control effect of mushroom compost of three application amounts had no significant difference.Six kinds of composts of different application amounts all had a certain positive effect on promoting the growth of tomatoes,among which the application of rice straw compost of 200 g per pot had the best growth effect,with an average plant height of 127.44 cm and average stem diameter circumference of 3.13 cm,which were significantly better than the contrast and other compost treatments.The results of the present study could lay a foundation for the control of root knot nematode with rational utilization of agricultural wastes.

Abstract:SEM (scanning electronic microscopy),LSCM (laser scanning confocal microscope) and GFP (green fluorescent protein) techniques were used to study the endogeneity and colonization rules of Bacillus pumilus strain LYMC-3,which has high nematicidal activity.The shuttle vector pGFP78 carrying gfpmut3a gene,was transformed into B. pumilus strain LYMC-3 for fluorescence-tagging by nature transformation and expressed successfully.The plasmid stability was then determined.After inoculating the bacteria in root surface of masson pine,the colonization of LYMC-3 tagged with GFP was studied by combining antibiotics plate recovery and LSCM.GFP-tagged LYMC-3 with bright green fluorescence was observed under 481 nm wavelength and the genetic stability was 96.8% after 8 continuous dilution culture.On 4th day after inoculation in masson pine root,a large number of labeled strains were recovered,followed by a downward trend,and the number decreased faster in the root than in the stem.On 40th day after inoculation,the number of the labeled strain was 0.3×102 cfu/g in the root,and 0.8×102 cfu/g in the stem.These results demonstrated that the tagged strain could successfully colonize and transmit in masson pine,which provide a scientific basis for the exploitation and utilization of strain LYMC-3.

Abstract:Aphids are major pests of a wide variety of commercially important plants in agriculture,horticulture and forestry.In the present study,we surveyed the population dynamics of aphid species and the dominant natural enemy species in citrus orchards in Hubei Province.The two-year successive survey under field conditions indicated that five species of aphid damaging citrus,including Aphis gossypii,Aphis spiraecola,Toxoptera citricidus,Toxoptera aurantii and Aphis craccivora were found,and among which T. citricidus and A. spiraecola were dominant species.These two dominant species were present throughout the year and peaked in late spring,summer and autumn.The main natural enemies included spider,ladybug,hoverfly,lacewing,parasitoid,and stinkbug etc.Specifically,population increases of spider,ladybug and hoverfly often followed that of the aphids’,indicating strong top-down forces exerted by these natural enemies.

Abstract:Soil fertility change of farmland is extremely easy and has a great potential to be improved.Comparative studies of soil samples from 26 counties (cities,districts) in Hubei Province between recent soil survey and second soil survey in 30 years ago were carried out.Results showed that the whole cultivated area in Hubei Province decreased by 17.43% for the last three decades.The area of the first-class decreased by 28%,whereas the sixth-class increased by 225%.The high-quality cultivated land resource is lost due to the “occupying the high-guality while compensating the poor”.Results of the soil fertility evolution indicated that the contents of soil total nitrogen,available nitrogen and available phosphorus have been increasing.The contents of the available potassium have decreased.The contents of soil organic matter are at the same levels.The situation of soil acidification is serious.

Abstract:The method for predicting essential proteins based on protein-protein interaction network is not deep enough to discover biological functions.In order to solve this problem,we utilize the protein complex information and propose an algorithm named RWP based on random walk model combining with the edge clustering coefficients in PPI network to recognize essential proteins.In protein-protein interaction network of Saccharomyces cerevisiae,5 criteria of statistics evaluation criteria such as SN etc were taken to experiment with RWP and five centrality measure methods (DC,etc.) contrastively.The results showed that the number of essential proteins predicted by RWP was more than that predicted by other five centrality measure methods.

Abstract:A security algorithm based on trust is proposed to deal with the security threats of host and network communication in trading system of distributed agricultural products.First,mobile agents are used to conduct a comprehensive statistical calculation of the user transaction records to calculate the behavior trust value.Then,the user feedback is analyzed and selected to calculate the recommended trust value.Finally,a variety of trust value is analyzed and the comprehensive trust value is obtained.The trading system of distributed agricultural products established is running correctly and can ensure the security of network transactions.

Abstract:For the impact of oxidative stress on animal husbandry industry,this study aimed to investigate the antioxidant property of Enterococcus faecium HDRsEf1,which would provide a new method for development of new biological antioxidants.To assess antioxidant activity of the strain in vitro,the resistance to hydrogen peroxide,scavenging activity of the free radical (DPPH free radical,hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical),and reducing activity were analyzed.And to evaluate the antioxidant property of the E. faecium HDRsEf1 in vivo,the D-galactose induced aging model were built.The results showed that the strain could survive under 2.0 mmol/L of hydrogen peroxide.The fermentation broth of HDRsEf1 not only had good scavenging activity of the DPPH free radical but also had a strong reducing activity.The intact cell,cell-free extract,fermentation broth of E. faecium HDRsEf1 also displayed good scavenging activity of hydroxyl radical,but weak superoxide radical.The experimental investigation demonstrated that the cell and fermentation broth of E. faecium HDRsEf1 displayed effective function of antioxidation and antiaging by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) level prominently in the D-galaetose treated mice.Therefore,E. faecium HDRsEf1 had good antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract:Ten microsatellite markers were employed to analyze the genetic structure of four silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) populations from Yangtze River,Ganjiang River and Poyang Lake and a total of 148 alleles were detected.The number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 24,the effective alleles ranged from 6.4 to 7.1,the average observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.802 to 0.821,and the average expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.817 to 0.839,indicating a high level of genetic diversity in the four silver carp populations.The genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.922 2 to 0.944 1,the genetic distance of these populations ranged from 0.057 6 to 0.081 0,the fixation index Fst values ranged from-0.012 35 to 0.005 28,which revealed that genetic consistency in the four silver carp populations was high,the genetic distance was small and the genetic differentiation was not significant.AMOVA analysis showed that genetic variation mainly came from within populations,and gene flow analysis indicated that genetic exchange of silver carp in Yangtze River,Ganjiang River and Poyang Lake was frequent.Our study provided valuable information on the germplasm resources of silver carp in Yangtze River,Ganjiang River and Poyang Lake,which could help develop appropriate policies on the conservation and utilization of silver carp.

Abstract:Fertilized eggs of Culter alburnus were obtained by induced spawning and artificial fertilization.The observation and characterization of embryonic and larval development processes were systematically carried out in May 2014 in Miaohu Lake.The results showed that the fertilized eggs were spherical,cinerous,slightly sticky,pelagic,(1.17±0.15) mm in diameter and (3.26±0.37) mm after hydration.At water temperature of 23-25℃,the process of embryonic development could be divided into 21 stages.First cleavage stage,organofaction stage and hatching-out stage happened at 40 min,9 h and 45 min and 20 h and 15 min post fertilization,respectively.The accumulative temperature were 483.4℃·h.The newly hatched larvae had the total body length of (3.39±0.37) mm and the yolk sac volume of 0.134 mm3.The yolk sac of the 4-d-old larva disappeared and the total body length of them was (4.85±0.31) mm.The long diameter increased at the first day and reduced later,while the short diameter reduced invariably.The correlate equation between the yolk sac volume (V) and the hour after hatching (h) was V=10-5 T2 -0.0027T + 0.1342 (R2 = 0.966 7).

Abstract:The age structure and growth characteristics of Triplophysa orientalis,collected in the middle of the Yarlung Tsangpo River,were investigated by examining otolith.The results indicated that there were 7 age groups of the collected T. orientalis,and the 4-6-year-old accounted for about 80.87% of the total.According to the comparison of coefficient among linear function,exponential function,polynomial function and power function,the relationship between body length (L) and otolith radius (RO) could be expressed as L=253.81RO-26.725 (n=183,R2=0.97，P<0.001) and indicated no remarkable dissimilarity between females and males.According to the results of t-test,there was no remarkable difference between measured body length and back-calculated body length in each age group between females and males (t = 1.313,P > 0.05).However,the relationship between body length (L) and body weight (W) could be expressed as W=0.00001L2.9797 for female and W=0.00002L2.8475 for male,and indicated remarkable difference between females and males.Von Bertalanffy growth equation was more accurate than others to describe the growth of T.orientalis and the formula was Lt=151.65\[1-e-0.133(t + 0.01786)\] and Wt = 31.496\[1-e-0.133(t + 0.01786)\]2.9797 for female,Lt = 125.19\[1-e-0.177(t + 0.0695)\] and Wt= 18.787\[1-e-0.177(t + 0.0695)\]2.8475 for male.In addition,the growth inflexion points were 8.19 years for females and 5.83 years for males,and the corresponding standard lengths and body weights were 100.77 mm and 9.32 g for females,and 81.13 mm and 5.46 g for males,respectively.

Abstract:Effects of processing methods including ice,freezing and heating at 120℃ on the nutrition of fish bone pastes made from silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) using wet milling were studied.Results showed that crude protein,fat,ash and calcium in the micro-sized fish bone paste was 35%,20%,32% and 9%.Processing methods had no significant effect on contents of crude protein,ash and calcium (P>0.05).The first limiting amino acid in the micro-sized fish bone paste was Ile.Most of amino acids between the micro-sized fish bone pastes added with ice and subjected to freezing were not significantly different (P>0.05).Percentage and index of essential amino acid for the fish bone paste subjected to 120℃ heating were significant higher than those of other groups (P<0.05).In vitro calcium and protein digestibility for the fish bone paste subjected to 120℃ heating were significant higher than those of the samples added with ice or subjected to freezing (P<0.05).It is indicated that the micro-sized fish bone paste subjected to 120℃ heating was more nutritious.However,crude fat content and peroxide value of the micro-sized fish bone paste subjected to 120℃ heating were higher than those of other pretreatments (P<0.05).

Abstract:The changes in freshness and biogenic amines content of Monopterus albus during storage were studied.Through direct slaughter, electricity stunning, cold stunning and heat slaughter, the total number of colonies, acidity, amino-N, TBA, TVB-N, K value and biogenic amines content and its changes under cold storage were investigated. The results showed that the amino-N, TVB-N, K value of Monopterus albus muscle under direct slaughter and electricity stunning were significantly lower than that of the other two methods(P<0.05). The TVB-N of Monopterus albus muscle under direct slaughter, electricity stunning, cold stunning, heat slaughter were 9.92, 9.94, 8.99, and 8.58 mg/100 g, respectively. After 6 days storage at 4 ℃, the increases of TVB-N were 4.48, 8.06, 11.66, 16.55 mg/100 g. Cold stunning effectively controlled the lipid oxidation of muscle and weaked the increase of total bacterial count.When Monopterus albus died in high temperature, biogenic amine accumulated maximum to 17.23 mg/100 g. Monopterus albus killed by cold stunning produced lowest biogenic amine, 8.15 mg/100 g. Cold stunning effectively controlled the content of total biogenic amines, cadaverine and putrescine of Monopterus albus muscle.

Abstract:A novel detection method combining gradient magnitude with confidence measure was established to detect eggshell crack. Images of brown eggshell crack were acquired to obtain ROI edge map using the edge detector proposed. Then, images of the boundary of brown eggs were extracted with a maximum margin algorithm. Finally, crack images were extracted with reference to edge map and images of the boundary of eggs. Three typical images of eggshell crack were analyzed and compared among the improved edge detection algorithm and traditional edge detectors including log operator, sobel operator and canny operator. The results showed that the established method overcame the adverse effect brought from the fixed threshold and had a better performance with an advantage over the traditional edge detectors in effectively suppressing the influence of the noise and detecting weak edges.

Abstract:The intelligent manipulator with a haptic system used for poultry slaughtering and evisceration was designed.The thin film pressure sensor was used to detect the force signal of manipulator finger pressure on poultry offal.LabVIEW software was used to display/process the pressure data in real-time,and send control signals to single chip.Then single-chip microcomputer produced PWM signal to control the sevro arm movement of manipulator.If the haptic system detected pressure value greater than the maximum pressure set of visceral,SCM opened the claw machine automatically.Otherwise it was folded and the manipulator fingers moved to the bottom of the abdominal cavity,rotated to peel the mucous membrane between the purtenance and the abdominal cavity.The entrails were finally removed.The system had two eviscerated modes including manual mode and automatic mode.The trial results showed that the manipulator with touch sensor system produced smaller damage in the process of taking the internal organs out and had less requirement of individual poultry difference compared with the traditional evisceration manipulator,indicating that the degree of automation is high.