Abstract:General transcription factors are involved in a wide range of eukaryote gene transcription.Rice TBP (TATA-box binding protein) gene was amplified by PCR.Totally 104 individual mutagenic TBP genes were obtained by random mutagenesis and introduced into wild rice ZH11(Oryza sativa spp.japonica) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation.Various phenotypes were screened.In T1 and T2 generation,improved agronomic traits and tolerant to abiotic stresses were identified. One mutant with high yield and abiotic stress resistance was obtained.It is indicated that improving rice agronomic traits with general transcription machinery is workable.

Abstract:Pot experiments were conducted in the early seasons and the later season of 2013.In each season,the hybrid rice cultivar Jiyou716 was planted under saturated soil moisture of 95%-100% (W100),80%-85% (W85) and 65%-70% (W70).The results showed that the root growth was seriously limited by soil moisture of W70 at the stage of elongation.The root dry weight significantly decreased.The effect of soil moisture on root diameter was the biggest at the stage of heading,but that on root surface area,volume and dry weight was small.The root of W70 appeared early aging at the stage of mature.The length,diameter,surface area,volume and dry weight of root was significantly reduced.The root with diameter between 0.0-1.5 mm was crucial to the root growth regulation under different soil moistures.The root with diameter between 0.0 -1.0 mm played decisive roles.There was no significant difference on root shoot ratio under different soil moistures and at the different stages.The ratio of shoot and root of W70 was lower than those of W100 and W85 at the stages of elongation and mature.The ratio of shoot and root of W70 was higher than that of W85 at the stage of heading.The dry weight of root and aboveground biomass,grain yield was significantly positively correlated in no-tillage rice.The root growth was inhibited by severe water stress at the stage of elongation.The root of W70 showed earlier senescence than that of W100 at the stage of mature.The aboveground biomass reduced,leading to the decrease of grain yield.Mild water stress did not make the root senescence slow down.The root with diameter between 0.5-1.0 mm was crucial to soil moisture on regulating the root growth under different soil moistures.

Abstract:Dynamic analyses of prochloraz and imazalil residues in citrus during fruit storage

Abstract:The anthocyanins from “Falandi” strawberry fruits were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD).The stabilities of purified anthocyanins in “Falandi” strawberry fruits were studied．The results showed that there were four main anthocyanins including cyanidin-3-glueoside,pelargonidin-3-glueoside,pelargonidin-3-rutinoside and pelargonidin-3-(malonyl)-glueoside in“Falandi” strawberry fruits.Anthocyanins from strawberry fruits had poor stability under the high temperature and lighting conditions.When the temperature was above 40℃,the degradation rate of anthocyanin increased.The stability of anthocynains was different under different light quality.Most anthocynains in “Falandi” strawberry fruits were stable under the red light,following by the yellow light and green light.The stability of“Falandi” strawberry fruits was the worst under the white light.The anthocynains in strawberry fruits were stable at pH ranging from 1.0 to 6.0.Adding 5% simple sugars or organic acid had no significant effect on the stability of the anthocynains in strawberry fruits.Adding 10% simple sugars or organic acid decreased the stability of anthocynains to some extent.

Abstract:Melon cv. ‘Qingwang’ was adopted to study the effects of regulated deficit irrigation on the photosynthetic characteristics,fruit yield and quality of melon under plastic house conditions.The treatments included the sufficient water supply during the whole growing period (control),low and moderated water deficits at the stages of vine-extending or fruit-expanding.The results showed that compared with the control,low water deficit treatment at the stage of fruit-expanding had no significant effect on the net photosynthetic rate and fruit yield,increased the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance by 8% and 75%,respectively,decreased the amount of irrigation water by 6%,increased the water use efficiency and fruit firmness by 6% and 10%,and increased the ratio of total soluble solid/titrable acidity.Compared with the control,low and moderate water deficit treatments at the stage of vine-extending and moderate water deficit treatment at the stage of fruit-expanding decreased fruit yield by 25%,24%,27%,respectively,and decreased water use efficiency by 19%,11%,18%,respectively.Comprehensively considering the effects of water deficit treatments on each indicator measured in melon,low water deficit treatment during the fruit-expanding stage can improve the fruit quality without reducing yield,and increase water use efficiency.Thus,low water deficit treatment during the fruit-expanding stage has the potential to be popularized.

Abstract:The alcohol acyltransferase gene,named as OfAAT1,was isolated from Osmanthus fragrans‘Liuye Jingui’ flower. The full length of this gene was 1 386 bp encoding a protein of 461 amino acids.The result of qRT-PCR analyses showed that the expression of OfAAT1 was weak in young leaves and specific in the flower organs,with the highest level in the petals.The gene expression increased gradually with the opening of flowers and reached the maximum value at the stage of full bloom.During this stage,the expression of OfAAT1 had a significant circadian rhythm.Amino acids alignment andphylogenetic analysis showed that OfAAT1 contained conserved domain of the acyltransferase BAHD family,and had higher homology with PhCFAT from petunia,GmCHAT from soybean and StCHAT from potato.Combining with analyzing components of volatile esters,the OfAAT1 function was predicted to be the similar to that of PhCFAT,which catalyzes the synthesis of coniferyl acetate with coniferyl alcohol and the degradation of it to isoeugenol.Meanwhile,OfAAT1 might involve in the synthesis of fatty acid esters,the same as GmCHAT and StCHAT.It will be helpful for understanding the mechanisms of metabolism of volatile esters in O.fragrans Lour.

Abstract:The vegetative growth of Cymbidium hybridum plantlets could be promoted through artificial mycorrhizae. In this study, two endophytes（C2y1 and S1g1） obtained from roots of wild orchids exhibited obvious growth-promoting effects on the C. hybridum plantlets through increasing root length,biomass and chlorophyll content.Furthermore,isolate C2y1 increased the N,P,K,Fe contents of the symbiotic plantlets.Especially the Fe content of the treated plants increased by 163.24% compared with the control.Isolate S1g1 significantly increased the accumulation of Ca,Mn,Zn (by 62%,32%,and 68.09%,respectively) in symbiotic plantlets compared with the control.Combining with internal transcribed spacer sequence (ITS) and the morphological characteristics,isolate C2y1 and S1g1 was identified as Epulorhiza sp. and Cephalotheca sp.,respectively.Microscopic studies showed that hyphae of isolate C2y1 infected the root cortex cells and formed typical orchid mycorrhizae,whereas hyphae of isolate S1g1 aggregated in the host velamen cells.It is indicated that artificial mycorrhization can effectively promote the vegetative growth and mineral element absorption for Cymbidium plantlets.Different fungi exhibit some degree of complementary promoting effects.

Abstract:Temple garden is facing increasingly serious problems with the rapid development of the city.The Gude Temple in Wuhan City was used to analyze the situations of urban temple gardens,causes of its problems and integral protection.It is advised that the protection of temple garden in city should combine with buddhist culture,traditional temple garden culture,aesthetic concept of modern city dwellers and its rational development and utilization of urban temple garden to coordinate with the modern urban development and to better adapt to the changes in city life.

Abstract:In order to elucidate the biochemical differences of the sheath blight pathogens among rice (Oryza sativa L.),corn (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.),the total soluble proteins and esterase isozymes from 18 strains of Rhizoctonia spp. collected from these three crops were analyzed using vertical slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results showed that the patterns of total soluble proteins and esterase isozymes of Rhizoctonia strains from three crops were significantly different,of which total soluble protein were more diverse. The band numbers of total soluble proteins from rice and corn strains were 14 to 19,and those from wheat strains were 7 to 9. The band numbers of esterase isozymes from rice and corn strains were 5 to 7,and those from wheat strains were only 3，indicating obvious differences among them. The results of cluster analysis based on NTSYS software showed that the profiles of total soluble proteins and esterase isozymes of Rhizoctonia spp. from rice,corn and wheat had a rich diversity. These findings will lay a foundation for the biochemical identification of the crop sheath blight pathogens.

Abstract:Insufficient or excess heavy metals in soils seriously affect the healthy growth of citrus.It is necessary to establish an accurate space model which can effectively reflect the spatial distribution of heavy metals content.This paper took the citrus production areas in Honghuatao county,Yidu City,Hubei Province were used to study heavy metal Cu in soil.Soil factors including total K,total Cr,CEC,total Pb and total N (P<0.05) closely correlated with Cu were chosen as the spare variables through Pearson’s correlation coefficient method.Total scores were calculated by principle components analysis (PCA) method and used as auxiliary variables to reduce the dimension and redundancy of original variables.Three spatial interpolation models including ordinary Kriging (OK) model,ordinary Cokriging (COK) models which took total scores (COKPCA) and total K (COKK) as auxiliary variable were constructed.The optimal space model was proposed by comparing the prediction accuracy of the models (OK,COKK,COKPCA).The most suitable model was used to predict spatial distribution of Cu in the area studied.The results showed that RMSE of OK,COKK and COKPCA models were 7.044,6.907 and 6.309,with R2 of 0.716,0.743 and 0.852,and AIC of 101.591,96.908 and 87.203,respectively.Interpolation results were comprehensively compared.COKPCA was found to be the best simulating model,followed by COKK but OK was poor.It will provide reference for accurately simulating soil heavy metals Cu in the small-scale area and a scientific basis for modern agricultural production and fine management of agriculture.

Abstract:Trifoliate orange was used to set the foliar application and root application with H3BO3.The effects of different ways of applying boron on agronomic traits of trifoliate orange,dry matter accumulation,the contents of boron (B),potassium (K),calcium (Ca),magnesium (Mg) in different parts,and contents of the sugar,malondialdehyde (MDA),proline (Pro) and the injured rate in the leaves were studied.The results showed that different fertilization methods led to quite different results.Foliar boron significantly increased dry weight of stem and leaf of trifoliate orange seedling,total dry weight and height,and promoted the growth of root.Concentration of boron in leaves increased by 126.5%.There was 1.3% boron in stems metastasis and accumulation.Foliar applied boron made boron content decrease by 11.1% in trifoliate orange roots.Contents of K,Ca and Mg in leaves under foliar boron were significantly higher than that of CK.Contents of elements were significantly higher by root giving boron than that by foliar boron (except leaf).Contents of sugar,MDA,Pro and injury rates in leaves decreased after applying boron.Foliar boron had a good effect in maintaining the balance of the elements in leaves,carbohydrate synthesis and improving the stress resistance of leaves.It can reduce the content of boron in root and aggravate boron deficiency.

Abstract:To verify the function of orf18,a type Ⅲ polyketide synthase gene isolated from Streptomyces sahachiroi ATCC 33158 was used to construct the knockout mutant strain by in-fame deletion of orf18 and the complementation mutant strain by ectopic expression of orf18 in the knockout strain.The results of HPLC and LC-MS analyses showed that knockout of orf18 significantly reduced the benzoic acid production.Complementation of orf18 recovered the yield of benzoic acid.It is indicated that orf18 is involved in the biosynthesis of benzoic acid in the original host strain.

Abstract:Using Mesorhizobium sp.S-15 and Paenibacillus sp.S-17 as experimental strains.After cell disruption,NH4OAc extraction,H2O2 solution digestion or without any pre-treatment,K+ content in the fermentation broth of potassium solubilizing bacteria was determined with flame photometer.The efficiency of K solubilizing by potassium solubilizing bacteria in the culture medium was calculated.The results showed that the standard curves of the three kinds of K series of standard solutions were similar with the R2 values of 0.994 4,0.999 7 and 0.999 8,respectively.After digested by H2O2 solution,concentration of K+ was detected.The efficiency of two strains was 101.1% and 125.1%,significantly higher than that of other groups.The efficiency of potassium solubilizing detected after H2O2 digestion well reflected potassium solubilization of bacteria.

Abstract:Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine,playing important roles in immune defense. To better understand the transcriptional principle and immune mechanism of fish il-6,five reporter plasmids of the Megalobrama amblycephala il-6 promoter were constructed,co-transfected with the internal control plasmid pRL-TK into carp EPC cell,induced by LPS,and the luciferase activity was then detected after 24 h.The results showed that compared with the negative control PGL3-basic group,the luciferase activity of the PGL3-IL-6P-0,PGL3-IL-6P-1,PGL3-IL-6P-2,PGL3-IL-6P-3 and PGL3-IL-6P-4 groups were increased,and the PGL3-IL-6P-4 group showed the highest luciferase level,suggesting that the promoter deletion (-379 to +34) contains the core promoter region of the il-6 promoter.After stimulation by 100 ng/mL LPS,the luciferase activity of the PGL3-IL-6P-4 group was significantly activated,while that of the other groups did not change significantly,further indicating that PGL3-IL-6P-4 indeed contains the core promoter region and the potential transcription factor NF-κB and C/EBPβ in this promoter region may play primary roles in response to LPS induction.

Abstract:In the present study,the expression levels of the leptin and its related genes including leptin receptor (leptin-R) and leptin receptor overlapping transcript like-1 (leprotl-1) in Megalobrama amblycephala during embryonic and larval development as well as in various adults' tissues were studied using qRT-PCR.The results showed that the three genes were ubiquitously expressed in all the examined adults' tissues,which suggested their multiple physiology functions in M. amblycephala.During embryonic and larval developmental,the leptin-R and leprotl-1 genes had lower and fluctuant expression levels.Expression levels of the three genes had no differences before 5 days post-hatching (dph),which suggested that these genes may be related to the regulation of energy during early developmental stages.Expression levels of both the leptin-R and leprotl-1 genes reached the peak at 12 dph,but the leptin expression increased from 5 dph and reached the peak at 15 dph,which indicated that the three genes may participated in the M. amblycephala sex differentiation during larval developmental stages.The correlation coefficients among leptin,leptin-R and leprotl-1 mRNA levels indicated that these three genes were positively correlated during embryonic and larval developmental stages in M. amblycephala.

Abstract:We cloned the DNA and cDNA sequence of the Pentraxin 3 gene (PTX3) from Carassius auratus,and examined its expression patterns in various tissues and after Aeromonas hydrophila infection.Bioinformatics analysis showed that the C. auratus PTX3 gene consists of three exons and two introns,encoding 453 amino acids with the signal peptide (1-22 aa) and a pentraxin domain (241-453 aa).Sequences analysis revealed that the C. auratus PTX3 amino acids sequence is closest to that of zebrafish (79%).Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. auratus fall in the fish clade.Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that the C. auratus PTX3 is constitutively expressed in the heart,liver,spleen,head kidney,kidney,gills,brain,muscle,intestine,blood,and gonads.The mRNA levels of PTX3 in the liver,spleen,head-kidney,intestine and blood increased significantly after A. hydrophila infection.At 3 h post-infection,the PTX3 mRNA levels in spleen were significantly increased (P<0.05) and at 6 h post-infection,the PTX3 mRNA levels in the blood reached a peak.These results indicated that PTX3 is an acute phase protein which can protect fish against infections.

Abstract:Gonadal differentiation of yellow catfish (Pseudobagrus fulvidraco Richardson) under different water temperatures was investigated by histological sectioning,and the effects of different temperatures on sex determination were studied.The results showed that the histological differentiation of yellow catfish occurred firstly at 15 days post hatching (dph) under (27±1)℃.There were two types of primordial gonad and one with cavity will develop into ovary,and the other one without cavity will develop into testis.Ovarian cavity firstly appeared at 15 dpt (the total length reached 13.99±0.24 mm) and the occurrence of spermaduct and seminiferous lobule began at 60 dpt (the total length reached 47.58±1.74 mm).This experiment showed that germ cell division in the female was earlier than that in the male.Gonads of the larva reared under higher water temperature (32±1)℃ differentiated about 5-10 days earlier than those under moderate temperature (27±1)℃.Gonads under lower water temperature (32±1)℃ differentiated about 25-30 days later than the larva under moderate temperature (27±1)℃.The sex ratio under moderate or lower water temperature was close to 1∶1 (1∶0.96 and 1∶1.17 respectively).However,the sex ratio under higher water temperature was 1:2.10,and the proportion of males were 67.70%±0.54% (P<0.05).This result suggested that temperature can influence gonad differentiation of P.fulvidraco and higher water temperature (32±1)℃ can induce masculination.

Abstract:In order to understand drug resistance and tetracycline resistance gene of Streptococcus agalactiae epidemic strains,the prevalent strains of S. agalactiae from the main bovine culture area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were detected through Kirby-B auer（K-B） method and PCR.Drug susceptibility testing indicated that the S. agalactiae isolated strains were sensitive to most antibiotics.The S. agalactiae isolates were susceptible topenicillin,cefotaxime,cefazolin,amoxicillin,erythromycin,ciprofloxacin,enrofloxacin,ofloxacin,clindamycin,nitrofurantoin,and vancomycin with susceptibilities rates of 90％ to 100％.In contrast,the S. agalactiae isolates were resistant to tetracycline with resistance rates of 77.27%.Four resistance genes including tetM,tet O,tetK,and tetL were characterized by PCR. All strains carried the resistance gene tetM and 7 strains also carried the resistance gene tetK. The resistance genes tetO and tetL were not detected.The results indicated that the resistance gene were related to the resistant type of antimicrobial agents and was important for further research and clinical therapy resistance mechanisms.

Abstract:To label the CD4+ T cells F-actin，the lifeact gene was synthesized and cloned into vector pEGFP-C1,CD4+T cells were then transfected with pEGFP-C1-Lifeact plasmid and imaged by the real time super-resolution 3D-SIM fluorescence microscopy.The results showed that F-actin is distributed around the cellular membrane with steady state of depolymerization and polymerization.It was indicated that the spatial resolution of the fine SIM imaging of F-actin was two to four times higher than the wide field fluorescence microscope imaging.

Abstract:Taking the 60K-S shape-fixing machine as the experimental subject,orthogonal design experiment of three factors including the water content (20%,25%,30%),temperature (105,120,135℃) and quantity (3.5,4.5,5.5 kg) of shape-fixing leaf was conducted to optimize mechanical shaping process of Enshi Yulu green tea.The results showed that contents of tea polyphenols and amino acids increased and the contents of soluble sugar and chlorophyll decreased with the increase of shaping temperature.Too high temperature led to the breakage of leaf and destruction of chlorophyll which decreased the green degree of dried tea.The water content and leaf quantity had no significant effect on the polyphenol,chlorophyll,amino acid and soluble sugar of tea,but significantly affected the content of chlorophyll.Small masses and breakage appeared with the increase of leaf quantity and water contents.The optimal parameters of 60K-S shape-fixing machine were 25% the water content of leaf,3.5 kg or so leaf,and 120℃.

Abstract:A prototype of head spike harvester was designed based on a transplanter with high ground clearance and without transplanting device.The harvester was used to harvest ratoon rice in field.The harvester contained helix transport,cutting platform,conveyor trough,grain tank and the second power.The parameters of structure and motion were calculated based on the agronomic requirements of ratoon rice in China.Its cutting width is 1.6 m and feeding amount is 1.8 kg/s.The three dimensional model of the harvester was designed by Pro/E.The performance test of the prototype harvester was conducted in the experiment farm on Huazhong Agricultural University campus.Rice varieties were “Liangyou28” and “Huanghuazhan”.The soil firmness was 1 081.21 kPa and 1 898.55 kPa,respectively.The soil moisture content was 25.56% and 19.71%,respectively.The results showed that the mass distribution and equilibrium ability of prototype harvester was well.The rate of stubble pushing was less than 25.15%.The stubble height can be adjusted from 250 mm to 650 mm.The pure field work efficiency was more than 0.24 hm2/h meeting the practicial requirements.