Abstract:Rice gene OsVDAC3 is predicted to encode one out membrane protein of mitochondrion containing twelve transmembrane helices with bioinformatic analyses.Data of microarray showed that OsVDAC3 highly expressed in the root and floral organ of rice,and was obviously induced by drought,salt and multiple hormones.Over-expression lines of OsVDAC3 from T1 transgenic plants were identified with real time PCR and treated with salt stress and mannitol stress.The results showed that over-expression of OsVDAC3 obviously enhanced rice tolerance to stresses of both salt and drought,indicating that rice OsVDAC3 was the positive regulating factor under the abiotic stress.

Abstract:Seven cultivars of rapeseed and treatments of different temperature controlled by illumination incubator(GDN) were used to study the seed germination and seedling development of rapeseed.The results showed that the germination and emergence process of the cultivars was basically the same under the control condition.There was no obvious difference between them.With the decrease of temperature,the process of germination and seedling of all cultivars became slow compared with the control.Shengguang 77,Deyou No.8 and Fengyou 730 were more sensitive to low temperature.With the decrease of temperature,germination index(GI) and seedling vigor index(SVI) decreased significantly with the decrease of 29.5%-99.5% and 8.7%-97.5%,respectively.Mean time of germination prolonged significantly when the temperature decreased.The seeds under 15℃/10℃ and 10℃/5℃ extended by 0.5-4.0 d and 4.6-12.0 d,respectively.Root length,total length decreased when temperature decreased.Among them,Fengyou 823 was less affected by low temperature while Shengguang 77 and Deyou No.8 were more sensitive to low temperature.Under 10℃/5℃,the root to shoot length ratio reduced 15.1%-47.5%.The dry weight per plant of all cultivars increased under 10℃/5℃,except Shengguang 77,whose fresh weight per plant reduced significantly.The reduction of its rate of total dry weight/total fresh weight reached 26.0%-48.9%.

Abstract:miRNAs (microRNAs) are a type of conserved,endogenous and non-coding small RNAs in plants,and regulate their target genes at post-transcriptional level,which plays important roles in plant.Poncirus trifoliata is a cold-tolerant citrus relative and is often used as rootstock in citrus industry.The mature sequence and precursor sequence were identified in this study.The results showed that ptf-miR168a sequence was highly conserved in plants.The target genes of ptf-miR168a were analyzed and predicted to be NAC transcription factors and zinc finger genes.The over-expression vector was constructed and transformed to tobacco.A total of 18 transgenic lines were obtained.It will provide valuable materials for further studying the regulatory role of ptf-miR168a in response to cold stress.

Abstract:The leaves of Dianthus chinensis were used to transform ACO gene with Agrobaceriumtumefaciens-mediated system to obtain the new Dianthus with extending flowering period.Results showed that H58Ⅱ，X82I and H68Ⅲ had high differentiation rates of 56.9%,31.7% and 93.2% when the concentrations of BA and NAA in the MS medium were 1.0 mg/L and 0.3 mg/L.The optimal concentration of kanamycin，hygromycin and cephalosporin was 40.0 mg/L，4.0 mg/L and 400.0 mg/L in the selective medium during selective culture of transformation.Transformed leaves and plants presented blue color after being stained.Molecular test showed that the positive rate of transgenic plants was 89%.The vase life for a single flower of plants transformed with ACO gene was 12 days compared with the wild plants flowers of 6 days.The population flowering period of transformed plants in pots was 45 days while that of wild plants was 30 days.

Abstract:From April to December,2012,the sap flow of 10 years old E. urophylla plantations on the Leizhou Peninsula was continuously measured by the thermal dissipation probe(TDP).The results showed that the changes of sap flow had significant circadian rhythm.With the similar changes of intensity of solar radiation,there was a single peak on a sunny day and multi-peak on a rainy day.Compared with the solar radiation,the inflection changes of sap flow were lagging about 1 h.During the day,the sap flux of E.urophylla was significantly positively correlated with atmospheric temperature,wind speed,photosynthetically active radiation and vapor pressure deficit,and was significantly negatively correlated with the relative air humidity.At night,it was only significantly negatively correlated with the air relative humidity.There was no significant correlation with other environmental factors.During the observation period,the average daily water consumption per plant of 10-year-old E.urophylla Plantation was 28.03 L/d.The total stand transpiration water consumption was 963.3 mm,representing 58.61% of total precipitation during the same period.

Abstract:In this research, the genomic DNA of mating type isolate of Sporisorium scitamineum was used as the template, five impact factors, namely, template DNA, Mg2+, dNTPs, primer and rTaq DNA polymerase, which were the components of PCR reaction system, were optimized respectively by single factor test. Based on the results, L16(45) orthogonal design was applied for establishing the best SCoT-PCR system for Sporisorium scitamineum, of which the total 25 μL reaction system contained 12.50 ng template DNA, 0.17 mmol/L dNTPs, 0.46 μmol/L primer, 1.7 mmol/L, 0.85 U rTaq DNA polymerase and 1×Buffer (Mg2+ free). Furthermore, 10 polymorphic primers were screened out of 30 tested primers based on the above optimized system, and then used for testing 10 mating type isolates of Sporisorium scitamineum with different geographical origins and different hosts. A total of 86 bands were generated from the 10 SCoT primers, of which 58.67% was polymorphic and each primer generated 8.60 bands in average. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that 10 isolates could be divided into 3 groups with a coefficient of 0.75, and the genetic diversity has certain correlation with geographical origins. 

Abstract:In order to construct the phylogenetic relationship of Tetrigoidea and explore the differences between the molecular phylogenetic relationship and the tradition taxonomy, the COI gene sequences of 16 species of Tetrigoidea were amplified and sequenced. Furthermore, the record of NCBI was also taken into consideration. Inferred from the COI gene sequences (597 bp) of the 6 family, 17 genera and 41 species of Tetrigoidea, the phylogenetic relationship of Tetrigoidea was reconstructed by using Neighbor Joining (NJ), Maximum Parsimony (MP), Most Likehood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. The results indicate that Tetrigoidea is a monophyletic group. Tetrix is the most evolved group and followed by Scelimenidae, but the phylogenetic relationship of other families is not clear in Tetrigoidea. Cladonotidae,Scelimenidae,Metrodoridae,Tetrigidae are not monophyletic groups. In the category of genera, Saussurella, Eucriotettix, Thoradonta are monophyletic groups,Eucriotettix and Thoradonta are sister groups, but other genera are not monophyletic groups. Pseudepitettix of Cladonotidae should be included in Tetrigidae. In the category of species,the intraspecific differentiation of Hedotettix gracilis, Tetrix grossus and Tetrix japonica is obvious.

Abstract:The influence of different culture methods on the pathogenicity of six populations of Radopholus similis from imported ornamental plants were tested on carrot disks and with pot experiment in greenhouse. R.similis can spread virulence to Anthurium andraeanum with both long-term culture on carrot disks and rejuvenation on A.andraeanum, but the influence of the two methods on the pathogenicity of R.similes were different. The lowest incidence of root was 24.4% while the highest was 90.0%, the lowest productive factors was 0.20 while the highest was 2.80. The pathogenicity of six R.similis populations were reduced after long-term culturing on carrot disks, and can be stronger after rejuvenation on the host plant, but the pathogenicity would only be steady after continuous 2 rejuvenations.

Abstract:Bioinformatics analysis of Streptomyces sp.SH-62 genome sequence showed that there was a type Ⅱpolyketide synthase gene cluster (ents) having high homology with the enterocin biosynthetic gene cluster in Streptomyces maritimus.The entire ents cluster was cloned by constructing and screening the genomic bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of Streptomyces sp. SH-62.The ents cluster was introduced into Streptomyces albus for heterologous expression.The results of HPLC and LC-MS analysis confirmed that the ents cluster is responsible for the enterocin biosynthesis in Streptomyces sp. SH-62.

Abstract:126 samples of citrus orchards in Nanfeng and 51 samples from Quzhou were collected.Boron (B) contents in soil and leaf were investigated.Results showed that the soil in most regions of Nanfeng and Quzhou was in B deficiency.The average content of soil available B were 0.20 mg/kg in Nanfeng and 0.24 mg/kg in Quzhou,where the proportion of B deficiency soil were accounted for 98.4% and 96.1%.There was no obvious B deficiency in citrus leaf of Nanfeng and Quzhou.Only 12.70% orchards of Nanfeng exhibited leaf B deficiency.Sangtian Town of Nanfeng had the lowest average leaf B concentration (77.41 mg/kg),and there was 20.00% orchards in low level of leaf B concentration.The boron deficiency in citrus leaf of Quzhou was more serious than that in Nanfeng,and about 41.18% orchards of Quzhou existed leaf B deficiency.Leaf B concentration in Kecheng was the lowest (20.67 mg/kg) in Quzhou and about 54.84% of orchards lack of B.There were near half of the citrus orchards in B optimum and high levels.There was no significant correlation between soil available B content and citrus leaves B concentration in most citrus orchards of Nanfeng and Quzhou.There was a negative correlation in the area of Sangtian,Changshan,and Kecheng.The B nutrition status of soil and tree should be defined before applying B fertilizer properly.Soil combined with leaf fertilization may be the better way to supply B fertilizer in citrus orchards.

Abstract:The contents and accumulation status of heavy metals of the surface soil in Wuhan urban including Pb,Zn,Cu,Cr and As were analyzed.The soil pollution states and the rank of potential ecological hazards of heavy metals were evaluated with single factor index,Nemerow index and potential ecological risk (RI) of the surface soil.The spatial distribution of all elements was studied with the spatial interpolation in ArcGIS.The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals including Pb,Zn,Cu,Cr and As were higher than the background value of Hubei Province,with the exceeding rate in the order of 38.9%，62.2%，85.5%，83.3%，98.9%,indicating that As,Zn,Cu and Cr were the main pollution elements.The highest of coefficient of variation(CV) was Zn,expressing the strong variation.The low variation of Cu,Cr and As was uniformed at spatial distribution.The results of single factor index showed that elements were in the order of Pb(0.12)< Cu(0.45)

Abstract:The risk matrix was used in risk zonation of cold injury to citrus in Hubei Province.The results showed that the method of risk zonation based on risk matrix was valuable and convenient to be applied in practical citrus production.Hubei Province can be divided into four risk levels.The first one is the no freezing damage zone including the Three Gorges Valley,valley basin and hilly region in southwestern Hubei Province and hilly area in northwestern Hubei Province.The second one is the low risk zone including Hanjiang River,Danjiang River Valley in the northwestern Hubei Province，Jianghan Plain,hilly area in the southeastern Hubei Province.In this zone,the cultivation of citrus is the main income.The third one is the moderate risk area including the major part of Jianghan Plain and the northwestern Hubei Province.In this area,citrus has 2-3 years’ experience of freezing injury every 10 years.Shennongjia forest region,the Wudang Mountains,Tongbai Mountains,the Dabie Mountains belonging to the high risk area is not suitable for cultivating citrus.

Abstract:Selection of the donor cell is critical for the success and efficiency of animal cloning.To establish a preliminary procedure for porcine cloning,this study was undertaken to systematically examine the effects of serum starvation and passage numbers of the donor cells on the development of nuclear transferred pig embryos.When donor cells were cultured for 0 d,2 d,4 d and 8 d under 0.5% serum starvation,the cleavage rate of reconstructed embryos was not significantly different (P>0.05),but the blastocyst formation rates at 2 d and 4 d were significantly higher than the other groups (P＜0.05).Cells were passaged for 0,2,4,8 generations and used for nuclear transfer.The results showed that the cleavage rates of reconstructed embryos were not significantly different among donor cell generations (P＞0.05),but significantly higher than that of the unpassaged cells (P＜0.05),with cells passaged for 6 generations showing the highest cleavage rate and blastocyst formation rate (86.29% and 23.36%).Reconstructed embryos with donor cells cultured under serum starvation for 2 d and passaged for 4 generations were transferred to six surrogates.Three surrogates returned to estrus,one was abortion after transplantation for 45 d and six cloned piglets were obtained from one of the two remaining pregnant pigs.

Abstract:To explore the expression profile of the CaNAα gene in phenotypically distinct muscles during early growth development,quantitative real-time PCR was applied to detect the CaNAα mRNA in the lateral gastrocnemius,soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles at different weeks of ages (0,1,3,5,7,9 w) in Recessive White chicken (fast-growing chicken breed) and Qingyuan partridge chicken (slow-growing chicken breed).The results showed that except for the soleus muscle in Qingyuan partridge chicken,the CaNAα mRNA of other muscles in the two chicken breeds was firstly increased,then decreased and finally increased again.The highest CaNAα mRNA level in the entensor digitorum longus in both chicken breeds peaked at 1 w,and the lowest level appeared at 7 w in Qingyuan partridge chicken while at 5 w in Recessive White chicken.The CaNAα mRNA in the lateral gastrocnemius and soleus muscles in Qingyuan partridge chicken peaked at 3 w,while at 9 w in Recessive White chicken.Overall,the CaNAα expression in the soleus was lower than that in the extensor digitorum longus and lateral gastrocnemius muscles.The CaNAα mRNA of the three phenotypically distinct muscles in Qingyuan partridge chicken was higher at 0 and 3 w,but lower at 9 w than that of Recessive White chicken,with extremely significantly difference appeared at 3 w (P＜0.01).Overall,the CaNAα gene in the chicken muscle showed specific developmental patterns,which may be related to the breed,age,phenotype,and the chicken meat quality as well.

Abstract:To elucidate the possible function of the RPS27a and SDC2 genes during ovarian development,relative expression of the RPS27a and SDC2 in 17 tissues and follicles of Sichuan white geese were determined by quantitative real-time PCR.The highest RPS27a expression was detected in the ovarian stroma (P<0.05) and the lowest was in the cerebellum.The highest expression of SDC2 was in the liver (P<0.05),and the lowest was in the breast and thigh muscle (P<0.05).In the ovarian hierarchical follicles,the RPS27a and SDC2 mRNA was significantly lower in the small yellow follicles (SYF) than that in the small white follicles (SWF).The RPS27a expression of F2 was significantly higher than that of F5 and F3.The SDC2 of F2 was as 2.05 folds as that of SWF,and was significantly higher than that of F5,F4 and F3.The SDC2 mRNA was not significantly different between F2 and F1.During the postovulatory,the RPS27a and SDC2 expression decreased significantly.The lowest expression of RPS27a and SDC2 was observed in POF3 (P<0.05).The RPS27a and SDC2 are expressed ubiquitously and tissue-specifically,suggesting that they may play an important role in maintaining the ovarian function and they may also play important roles in accelerating the process of ovarian development and postovulatory follicles degenerating.

Abstract:In order to investigate the effects of ginseng polysaccharides on growth index and mRNA expression of antioxidant enzyme in Sparus inacrocephalus,S. inacrocephalus were fed with three different doses of ginseng polysaccharides (0.2,0.4,0.8 g/kg).Growth data were collected and statistically analyzed.Expression levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) mRNAs were detected by real-time PCR at 42 d in the liver.The results showed that dietary ginseng polysaccharides affected the weight gaining rate and hepatosomatic index of S.inacrocephalus significantly.The spleen index,head kidney index and survival ratio had no significant difference with the NC group.The expression of SOD,CAT,GSH-PX mRNA showed an increasing trend.The expression of CAT mRNA in group I was significantly different from the NC group.The expression of SOD,CAT,and GSH-PX mRNA in groupⅡwas significantly increased by 137.28%,57.00% and 117.62%.The expression of SOD mRNA in group Ⅲ was not significantly different changed,and the expression of CAT,GSH-PX mRNA was significantly increased by 38.87%,170.59%.Ginseng polysaccharides can promote the growth and affect non-specific immune function of S.inacrocephalus,with 0.4 g/kg dose of ginseng polysaccharides having the best performance.

Abstract:To study the effect of light application time on genomic DNA methylation in rice field eel (Monopterus albus),three light application time (8 h,10 h,12 h) were arranged and the genomic DNA methylation patterns of seven tissues ( heart,liver,muscle,brain,spleen and kidney) were analyzed by MSAP ( methylation sensitive amplified polymorphism) technology.The results showed that different tissues had different methylation patterns among three treatments.The muscle was sensitive to light application time,in which total DNA methylation was significant different among three treatments and hemimethylation of 12 h treatment was significant different.Both the Kidney and brain were not sensitive to light application time,with no significant differences found in hemimethylation,methylation and total methylation among three treatments.Complicated changes were found in the liver,intestine,spleen and heart.In the liver,no significant differences of hemimethylation and total methylation were found among three treatments,while methylation of 8 h was significant different from the other two treatments.In the intestine,no significant differences of hemimethylation and methylation were found among three treatments while significant change of total methylation was found between 10 h and the other two treatments.In the spleen,significant differences of hemimethylation and total methylation were found between 10 h and 8 h treatments,while hemimethylation of 12 h was different from the other two treatments.In the heart,significant differences of hemimethylation were found in the treatment of 10 h.

Abstract:In order to set up a rapid detection method and facilitate immunological tools to screen target antigens of Myxosporidiosis,the polyclonal antibody (PAb) against Myxobolus honghuensis were prepared from mice immunized with soluble protein,which was aquired through freeze-thaw and grinding purified spores after sucrose density gradient centrifugation.Validity and specificity of the PAb was then estimated by ELISA,IFAT and Western blotting.The ELISA titer of the PAb is 1∶25 600.The PAb mainly bound to polar filaments,posterior and the periphery of spores through immunofluorescence analysis.The Western blotting assay showed that the PAb reacted with nearly 10 soluble proteins (180 ku，130 ku，78 ku，75 ku，62 ku，52 ku，42 ku，36 ku，34 ku，28 ku).Cross-reaction between the PAb and several Myxobolus and Thelohanellus species was found.

Abstract:The isoenzymes of polyphenol oxidase from Camellia sinensis var. Longjing 43 fresh leaves were isolated and purified with ammonium sulfate precipitation,ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography.One single isoenzyme (PPO Ⅴ) was purified.Its subunit size was about 80 ku.It will be useful for further studying the properties of tea PPO isozymes.

Abstract:To deal with the problem that 4SY-1.8 rape windrower worked with large frame amplitude because of the random and uncertain exciting force of the reciprocating cutter the movable knife, the causes were analyzed that led to different vibration amplitudes in various parts of the cutting table. Based on the characteristics that the cutter drive shaft was driven by hydraulic motor and its speed was infinitely adjustable, the torque and the power consumption of the cutter drive shaft were tested. The top twenty natural frequencies and mode shapes of the frame were obtained by modal analysis simulation. The correctness of modal analysis simulation was verified by hammering method. The functional relationship between the cutter drive shaft torque, the cutter shaft rotational speed, the first order total deformation values of modal analysis and each test point average peak vibration displacement were fitted by RBF neural network. Neurons weights of each layer were obtained and the correctness of the RBF neural network model was tested. Results show that the fitting relations between frame test point average peak vibration displacement and cutter shaft rotational speed conformed to the exponential distribution and the correlation coefficient were higher than 0.944. 

Abstract:In order to design the drying equipment which has the advantages of low cost, low energy consumption and high efficiency for farmers, a kind of small rapeseed layered bed-typed drying equipment is manufactured. The equipment uses a biomass semi-gasification combustion furnace which burns straw and wood as the heat supply, heats the air by a heat exchanger, and dries rapeseed by the exchange of air. The numerical simulation based on computational fluid dynamics （CFD） and porous medium model was carried out to analyze the distribution of airflow in the drying chamber. An optimization scheme was put forward to improve the dry uniformity. The result shows that the drying equipment can meet the requirements of rapeseed drying. There is dead zone in the drying chamber when the drying only relies on the longitudinal ventilation. The combination of transverse and longitudinal ventilation has higher dry uniformity and drying efficiency than single longitudinal ventilation. It increases the air contact area between rapeseed and hot air and the uniformity of wind velocity distribution in the drying chamber. The use of biomass energy can achieve the requirement of energy conservation and emission reduction.

Abstract:This paper addresses the design of a synthetic environmental monitoring system based on Mesh wireless sensor network to find out the laws of the environmental change and harmful gas emission in the pig farm. This monitoring system provides long-time,multi-point,real-time environmental data of the piggery.Within the Mesh network, the number and the variety of the sensors can be improved with reliable communication. DSDV-routing-protocol-based multi-hop transmission is realized on TinyOS. Software for remote visit and monitoring of the data of the pig barns through internet is designed by using database and network technology. Experiments in nursery barn show the steadiness of the system, which realizes functions such as information selection,real time monitoring,remote visit and data storage. These provide efficient data for pig barn environmental researches.

Abstract:In the summer, high temperature is a key factors of affecting milk yield,and spray cooling is the most effective way to decrease cows body temperature and reduce their heat stress response. This study designed a practical and effective automatic cooling system, In this system,a PC software which is based on the MODBUS protocol was designed by LabVIEW, the sensor information was collected by the MODBUS analog quantity acquisition module, the opening and closing time sprinkler are controlled by the temperature and humidity indexes (THI), which implement the automatic cooling of dairy farm. The test results show that the system has good cooling effect. Compared with the control group respiratory rate of the test group with sprinkler cooling drops maximum of 18 beats per min,and a minimum of 1 beats per min.

Abstract:Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation is one of the most important technologies for plant molecular breeding.However,the Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system is plant genotype-dependent,and there are still a lot of recalcitrant plant species hard to be transformed.Taking advantage of plant genes that involved in the transformation steps might be a new pathway for improving transformation efficiency.VIP1,a bZIP transcription factor that is involved in the plant immunity responses.Recent studies demonstrated that Agrobacterium is able to activate and use VIP1 for transformation.Optimalizing the tissue culture condition to increase the expression of VIP1 can improve the transformation efficiency.Understanding the plant-Agrobacterium biological interaction processes could help developing new strategies for improving the transformation efficiency of the recalcitrant plant species.

Abstract:Flavonoids,with diverse physiological functions and beneficial effects,are widely distributed and naturally found in different plants.Flavonoids have a common C6-C3-C6 skeletal structure.For better selection and utilization of flavonoids,studying physiological and structure activity relationship of flavonoids is very important.Advances on studies of structure-activity relationship of flavonoids were reviewed from the initial structure-activity relationship studies to a two-dimensional,three-dimensional and holographic quantitative structure-activity relationship studies,which greatly improved the efficiency of studying the activities of flavonoids.