Abstract:45S rDNA probes were used to analyze Oryza alta and O.latifolia both having CCDD genomes with fluorescence in situ hybridization.The results showed that the hybridization signals of 45S rDNA in O.latifolia chromosome preparations were distributed on different chromosomes with the number of 10-16.The same signal in O.alta chromosome preparations was 6 and distributed on the certain three pairs homologous chromosomes,with two pairs in short chromosome arms and the other one pair in long chromosome arm.The number and position of 45S rDNA signals were stabled in O.alta genome,but there were some dynamic changes of signals in O.latifolia genome.It is indicated that there were differences between these two kinds of CCDD genomes.Comparatively analyzing the karyotype of O.alta chromosomes and O.latifolia chromosomes based on the fluorescence in situ hybridization pictures showed that there were greater differences.It is proposed that O.alta maybe differentiate earlier and tend to be stable,while O.latifolia may be still in its evolutionary process.Based on the imbalance of evolution and differences of genomic structure,O.alta and O.latifolia were divided into two wild rice species,which may be well conformed with their evolutionary characteristics.The mechanism and characteristics of 45S rDNA’s distribution in the chromosomes were discussed.

Abstract:pCB302-3 is a plant mini-binary stable transformation vector.To investigate the transient expression of pCB302-3 vector in plant,GFP was inserted into pCB302-3 vector as a reporter gene,and various factors including density of Agrobacterium cell,supplementation of gene silencing suppression p19 and days post infiltration were optimized based on agroinfiltration method in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves.Results showed that high levels of GFP expression were observed in N.benthamiana leaves 3-5 d after infiltration by Agrobacterium cell suspension contained pCB302-3-GFP with an optical density （D600） of 0.8-1.0 co-infiltrated with p19 gene.

Abstract:Six peach cultivars were used to evaluate their susceptibility to gummosis through investigating the peach tree gummosis in the field and inoculating the pathogens on shoots in vitro.The results showed that ‘Spring Snow’ was highly susceptible,‘Qingfeng’ and ‘Kurakata wase’ were moderately sensitive,‘Xiahui No.5’,‘Etao No.1’ and ‘Dahongpao’ had moderate susceptibility.There was significant linear positive correlation between the disease index of peach gummosis and the lenticel density or length of peach shoots.It is indicated that the lenticel density and length of peach shoots can be used as the morphological index of gummosis resistance.

Abstract:The study was carried out with an 11-year-old clones test plantation from mixed super seedling of Larix kaempfer in the state-owned gaoyanzi forest farm in Jianshi county.The variations of growth traits and genetic variation at different ages were analyzed.A number of superior clones with fast-growth were selected for the popularization and application in sub-alpine area of western Hubei.The results showed that the clone coefficient of variation of DBH，height and volume in 11-year-old was ranged from 8.17% to 29.53%，5.13% to 23.08%，and 17.30% to 60.42%,respectively.There were extremely significant difference with DBH，height and volume within different clones of different age.The repeatability of DBH，height and volume of clones from 6-year-old to 11-year-old was ranged from 0.60 to 0.66，0.63 to 0.85，and 0.62 to 0.75,respectively.Correlations between DBH，height in different age and volume in 11-year-old were positive and big.Correlations between DBH and volume were higher than that between height and volume.5 superior clones were selected when select indicator was DBH and consideration was given to phenotypic variation in clone.Selective ratio was 8.6%.The genetic gain of DBH，height and volume of superior clones was 8.19%,12.20% and 34.45%.

Abstract:The female of Eucriotettix nigripennis Deng et Zheng, 2012 was discovered in Fangcheng of Guangxi and described for the first time. The specimens are deposited in College of Chemistry and Bioengineering,Hechi University,China.

Abstract:Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) is a severe seed-borne disease on melons. The type Ⅱ secretion system (T2SS), one of bacterial virulence factors, may contribute to bacterial colonization and transmission. In this study, genes encoding T2SS and the genetic organization of T2SS clusters in Acidovorax citrulli (Ac) strain AAC00-1 were compared with those in other plant pathogen species via KEGG and STRING databases. In addition, T2SS secretory proteins in Ac strain AAC00-1 with homology to experimentally proofed T2SS secretory proteins in other phytopathogenic bacteria were identified based on BLASTP search. The secretion signals, possibly involved metabolism pathways, presumed protein interaction, subcellular location in plant cells of T2SS secretory proteins in Ac strain AAC00-1 were analyzed. These results provide valuable information for further investigation of the underlying molecular mechanisms of the secretory proteins of Ac during the seed colonization and seedling transmission.

Abstract:Induced resistance of benzothiadiazole (BTH), a new inducer of plant disease resistance, to banana fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense race 4 (Foc 4), was investigated. Firstly, in vitro toxicity of BTH to Foc 4 was tested with the growth rate method. The results showed that the EC50 of BTH was 929.9 μg/mL, showing a very weak antifungal effect compared to carbendazim, a routine fungicide. Secondly, the sensitivity of banana fusarium to BTH in three different concentrations was studied in vivo, and the results indicated that 50 μg/mL of BTH had the greatest effect of induced resistance with the disease control efficiency of 66.6%, and its control efficiency was descending gradually along with the increase of BTH concentration. Finally, the changes in activities of six defensive enzymes in banana plantlets treated with BTH were determined, and the results demonstrated that BTH could increase the banana resistance to banana fusarium wilt by improving the activities of several defense-related enzymes. Taken together,BTH is a promising plant disease resistance inducer by activating the defense response of banana plantlets. Therefore, BTH has a potential application prospect in the control of banana fusarium wilt disease.

Abstract:In this study, the field experiment was conducted to investigate the control effect of 62% Butachol·Oxadiazon microemulsion on three weeds in the transplanted rice field, including Echinochloa crusgalli L. Beauv, Cyperus difformis L. and Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.). Additionally, the influence of weed control on the absorption of nutrition and the yield of weeds was examined as well. The results revealed that 62% Butachol·Oxadiazon microemulsion can effectively control the three dominant weeds, with the control effects of weed density and fresh weight being 88.09%-98.91% and 88.06%-98.31%, respectively. After weed control, the light penetration rate in the rice field was significantly increased 3-4 folds, the weeds' absorption of water and nutrition was significantly decreased more than 85%, and the yield of rice was increased 33.46%-40.04%. 

Abstract:To determine the relationship between sigC(all1692) and heterocyst development in Anabaena sp．PCC 7120,sigC mutant named as MsigC was constructed by double homologous recombination.Results showed that when combined nitrogen sources became limited in the growth medium，MsigC had a pronounced reduction in heterocyst frequency compared to the wild type,while heterocyst frequency was recovered by complementation with the ectopically expressed sigC gene in the complement strain CsigC.It is indicated that sigC is involved in regulating the differentiation of heterocyst.

Abstract:An investigation was made from north to south in china to study the soils’ chemical and clay mineral composition characteristics of < 2 μm clay.Four different types of soils (including brown earths,yellow-brown earths,red earths and humid-thermo ferralitic) developed from granite and gneiss were collected to find some clues to prove that climate conditions affect the composition of soil clay minerals in some degrees.The results showed that in brown earths,the clay minerals were mainly 2∶1 type.Illite was a ubiquitous mineral,followed by vermiculite and kaolinite.A small amount of montmorillonite did exist.In yellow-brown earths,kaolinite and vermiculite occupied the main part,followed by illite and montmorillonite.In red earths,vermiculite and montmorillonite disappeared and was substituted by kaolinite,illite and 1.4 nm intergrade minerals.1.4 nm intergrade minerals and vermiculite did not exist in the humid-thermo ferralitic.The content of kaolinite was up to 90%,followed by illite and a small amount of gibbsite.Annual average temperature and average rainfall were significantly positively correlated with kaolinite,and significantly negatively correlated with vermiculite and montmorillonite (P< 0.05).

Abstract:Collaping hill is a special form of soil erosion in red soil region of southern China,and causes extremely serious harm. Gan County Gang slope cutting open staircase collapse control areas collected in different years of growing citrus were used to make correlation analysis of soil samples to study the dynamic changes in different years and to develop the process of governance in the area of soil particles collapse post body composition and soil nutrients. The results showed that soil silt,clay contents had a significant increasing trend (P＜0.05) with the increase of planting years,toward the loamy soil texture and fine direction of development. At the same time each soil nutrient content also showed a significant increasing trend (P＜0.05). Gravel,sand and soil nutrient was significantly negatively correlated with the nutrient of silt and significantly positively correlated with clay content. After a comprehensive analysis,a deep cutting open staircase was used to develop cropping area to restore dilapidated granite soil. Effect of desertification was obvious and effect of soil restoration with longer years of planting was more significant. The results will be helpful for scientific controlling collapsing erosion and improving the economic efficiency of controlling.

Abstract:Trifoliate orange which was the rootstock of Gannan ‘Newhall’ navel orange intended to promote as test material and the method of nutrient solution culture was used to study the effects of boron deficiency on the seedling growth of orange rootstock and the changes among different elements.The results showed that boron deficiency inhibited the growth of plants,decreased dry matter accumulation and significantly reduced the contents of boron in leaves.The new leaves reduced by 39.5%-49.1% and the old leaves reduced by 33.3%-39.4%.Potassium content in tips of trifoliate orange seedling under boron deficiency significantly reduced by 18% more than that under the normal boron level.Calcium content in tips of trifoliate orange seedling and in new leaves under boron deficiency decreased 12%-49% and 11%-13%.Magnesium content had a tendency to increase under boron deficiency.The content of nitrate and soluble protein significantly reduced under boron deficiency.

Abstract:A pot experiment was conducted to investigate effects of cadmium stress on nitrogen metabolism and photosynthesis of low nitrate accumulator and high accumulator of Chinese cabbages (Brassica campestris L.ssp.) Cd was applied with five levels of 0,0.5,1.0,5.0 and 7.0 mg/kg soil.The fresh weight,concentrations of nitrogen,ammonium,free amino acid,and soluble protein,activities of nitrate reductase (NR),glutamine synthetase (GS) of leaves,net photosynthetic rate (Pn),stomatal conductance (Gs),intercellular CO2 (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr) were determined.The results showed that the fresh weight of the low nitrate accumulator decreased significantly with the increase of Cd concentration.The concentrations of nitrogen and soluble protein in the leaves of the low nitrate accumulator decreased with the increase of Cd concentration.Accumulations of ammonium and free amino acid in the leaves of both Chinese cabbage cultivars were detected under the Cd stress,especially in the low nitrate accumulator.Cadmium induced a significant inhibition on the activities of nitrate reductase(NR) in both cultivars.Under the Cd stress,activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) in leaves of the low accumulator were lower than those in leaves of the high accumulator.Treated with both 0.5 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg,net photosynthetic rate (Pn),stomatal conductance (Gs),intercellular CO2 (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr) of both Chinese cabbage cultivars increased.Treated with high Cd concentrations (5.0 mg/kg and 7.0 mg/kg) these parameters were decreased.It is indicated that cadmium disturbed nitrogen metablism and decreased net photosynthetic rates of both Chinese cabbage cultivars.All indexes of changes for the low nitrate accumulator were greater than that for the high nitrate accumulator.

Abstract:The methods of calculating pathogenic day,influencing coefficients of pathogenic and fitness of flowering days,and continuous pathogenic days were firstly proposed by using probability and weighted mathematical statistics with data of developmental stages and daily meteorology of early rice in Hubei province.The disease indexes of six stations in Jingzhou,Huanggang and other regions during the period 1971-2009 were fitted by the model of disease indexes of early rice panicle blast based on the pathogenic days and influencing coefficients.The model fittings of disease index were compared with actual situation of early rice panicle blast in six stations to determine the threshold of four meteorological grades of disease indexes.The model for monitoring/forecasting meteorological grades of early rice panicle blast in Hubei province was finally constructed and validated by comparing the historical fact with results of monitoring and forecasting.Results showed that the model could well reflect the actual occurrence of early rice panicle blast.It can be used to monitor and forecast the early rice panicle blast in Hubei Province.

Abstract:To identify new DNA markers which have significant impact on pig production traits,full coding sequence of the porcine OLR1 (oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1) gene were isolated using in silico cloning and PCR.A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP,A246G) in intron 4 were found and the PCR-Pag1-RFLP method was used to genotype the polymorphic site.In all the four detected pig populations,the western commercial pig breeds (Large White and Landrace) had higher frequencies of the G allele,and the Chinese indigenous breeds (Meishan and Large White×Meishan) had higher frequencies of the A allele.Association analysis showed that the polymorphic site had a significant or dominant significant effect on thorax-waist fat thickness,average backfat thickness,water content of longissimus dorsi,intramuscular fat of longissimus dorsi,dress percentage,leaf fat weight,6-7 rib fat thickness,meat marbling of longissimus dorsi and meat marbling of biceps femoris.Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses showed that the porcine OLR1 gene was highly expressed in the heart tissue,followed by the back fat in Enshi black and Large White pigs,and it was differentially expressed in different tissues.These results indicated that the OLR1 is a fat relevant candidate gene.

Abstract:The present experiment aimed to estimate mRNA transcriptions of IFITM1 and RSAD2 in the peripheral blood of Chinese Holstein dairy cows during early pregnancy.Peripheral blood at five different time points (0 d,14 d,18 d,21 d,and 28 d) after artificial insemination (AI) were collected.Real-time PCR was employed to detect the relative gene expressions of IFITM1 and RSAD2,while plasma P4 was detected by Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) at the same time.Transcriptions of RSAD2 were evaluated in the whole blood of heifers with spontaneous cycles of estrus and/or synchronization of estrus.In addition,typical peripheral blood leukocyte subsets (lymphocyte,natural killer cell,and monocyte) were isolated at 0 d,18 d,and 21 d after AI and gene transcriptions of RSAD2 were detected.The results showed that pregnant cows had significant higher (P＜0.05) plasma P4 levels than non-pregnant cows at 21 d and 28 d.At 14 d and 18 d,transcriptions of bovine IFITM1 in peripheral blood were significantly declined compared with cows at 0 d (P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between pregnant cows and non-pregnant cows.Although transcriptions of RSAD2 in pregnant cows were elevated significantly at 21 d (P＜0.05),expressions of RSAD2 in pregnant heifers were significantly higher than those in non-pregnant cows as early as 18 d.Further analysis discovered that transcriptions of RSAD2 in pregnant cows with spontaneous cycles of estrus were significant higher than those in non-pregnant cows at 18 d.There was a same trend in cows with synchronization of estrus,but the difference was not statistically significant.At 18 d and 21 d,there was no significant difference of RSAD2 expression in the blood leukocyte subsets between the pregnant cows and non-pregnant cows.These results indicated that transcriptions of bovine IFITM1 was not reliable for early pregnancy diagnosis,while RSAD2 could be applied in bovine pregnancy diagnosis at 18 d in heifers.Further study on the standard which could increase the sensitivity of the test is needed.

Abstract:The maBD-1 cDNA partial sequence of Megalobrama amblycephala was cloned using RT-PCR,its distribution in different tissues and expression after pathogen invasion was investigated.The target gene was then ligated with the Plasmid pGEX-KG vector and the pGEX-KG-maBD-1 was transformed into the prokaryotic cell BL21 and expressed by chemical inducer.The polyclonal antibody of the fusion protein was acquired by the immunity to rabbit and the titer of the antibody was measured.The results showed that the length of maBD-1 open reading frame was 204bp,encoding 67 amino acids.The maBD-1 gene was widely expressed in many tissues,and the expression in the head kidney and spleen was upregulated along with the pathogen invasion.Western-bloting analysis showed that the antiserum had the ability to combine with the GST-maBD-1 protein.

Abstract:In order to acquire vaccine antigen of triple outer membrane protein (omp) which can simultaneously prevent three common pathogens in eel,three genes of ompU,ompA and omp porin П were selected from Vibrio vulnificus, Edwardsiella tarda and Aeromonas hydrophila,respectively.Three gene fragments which encoded the outer regions of the three omps and showed rich epitopes were amplified and combined by two times of “two-steps” fusion PCR.According to the restriction sites of the expression vector (pGEX-2T-his plasmid),two restriction sites of BamHⅠand EcoRⅠwere added to the 5′ points of two primers which are used to amplify fragments of ompU and omp porin П,respectively.The fusion fragment was connected with pGEX-2T-his plasmid and the recombinant expression vector which expressed the fusion omp was constructed.After the vector was transformed into E.coli BL21,the fusion omp with a molecular weight of 85 ku was highly expressed by using 0.25 mmol/L IPTG to induce the tansformant (E.coli BL21) overnight at 16 ℃ in a suitable bacteria concentration (D600 nm=0.8).The expressed protein was eluted and purified by nickel column,and then renaturated by dialysis with gradient of urea.

Abstract:The aim of this study was to determine the impact of Chinese medicinal herb compound additives on the growth performance,proximate body composition,fatty acids profile,amino acid composition and texture profile of amur sturgeon（Acipenser schrenckii).The fish (mean body weight of 137.61±22.26 g) were fed diets with 0.5%,1%,2% supplement of Chinese medicinal herb compound additives (consist of Poria cocos，Radix Paeoniae Alba，Houttuynia cordata Thunb，Rheum palmatum Llnn at a certain rate) for 8 weeks.The control group was fed diets without Chinese medicinal herb compound additives.The crude protein,crude fat,crude ash,moisture,amino acid composition and fatty acid composition of muscle in amur sturgeon were assayed by biochemical analysis methods.The parameters of muscular texture profile,including hardness,springiness,cohesiveness,gumminess,chewiness,and resilience,were analyzed using a texture analyzer.Double compression was applied to construct the texture profile analyses (TPA) on raw fillets.The results showed that the 0.5% and 1% group had higher ash content than the control and 2% group.The 0.5% group showed a higher crude protein content than other groups (P<0.05).No significant differences were found in TAA and HEAA among the four groups.However,the 0.5% group showed higher Asp,Glu,Gly and FAA than the control group (P<0.05).The 0.5% and 1% group had higher n-3 and n-6 than the control group.The control group had the lowest C18:2n-6,C18:3n-6,EPA,DHA,which showed significant differences with the 0.5% and 1% group.No significant differences were found in TAA and HEAA between the 2% group and the control group.The treated group showed a higher cohesiveness than the control group,and the 2% group showed lower chewiness than control group (P<0.05).No significant differences were found in hardness,gumminess,springiness,and resilience among the four groups.The results suggested that the 0.5% supplementation of herbs additives could increase the crude protein content,FAA and fatty acid composition in muscle of Acipenser schrenckii.Furthermore,medicinal plants used in this study could improve flesh quality and taste of amur sturgeon.

Abstract:In order to decrease the cutting table loss rate of the rape combine harvester, a novel method to collect the falling rape seeds by airflow of positive pressure was proposed in this paper. To investigate the drifting characteristics of rape seed in the positive pressure airflow field, the movement process of the seeds was simulated by coupling of Fluent and EDEM. And then the results of the simulation were verified by a test bench. Experiments show that in an airflow field without stalks and with a certain initial height of the seeds, the collection amount of seeds falling from the position above nozzle increased first and then decreased with the ascending of the monomer vertical height, but descended with the increasing of the monomer longitudinal length. With the consistent structural parameters and exit conditions, in a certain range, the larger the airflow velocity value is, the better the collection effect is; outside of this range, the collection effect declined when the airflow velocity value continued to climb up. Under the condition that the collection monomer vertical height is 435 mm, the longitudinal length is 620 mm and the initial height of falling seeds is 700 mm, the optimum inlet airflow velocity of the simulation results is about 20 m/s, while the most preferably outlet airflow velocity of the bench test results is about 30 m/s. At this time, the corresponding collection rate of the seeds falling from the position above the nozzle is 97.30% and 92.10% respectively.

Abstract:In order to meet the need of partition harvest and picking of peanut, a kind of half feeding type peanut picker was designed through the investigation on the present situation of peanut production mechanization and picking methods in China. The structure and working principle of the half feeding type peanut picker were briefly introduced. The power of the transmission system adopts a diesel engine. The transmission system has two branches, which is respectively clamping and conveying transmission system and picking transmission system. The picking device adopts the differential phase matching structure of the two blade type picking roller, and the roller is inclined configuration installation. The clamping and conveying device adopts the clamping structure of the single clamping chain coordinated with conveyor guide. Through the performance test of the picker, the influences of the roller rotate speed and clamping and conveying speed to peanut picking rate and picking breakage rate are tested. The test results showed that the influence of the picking roller rotate speed was extremely significant to peanut picking rate and picking breakage rate; the influence of the clamping and conveying speed is significant to peanut picking rate, but is not significant to peanut picking breakage rate; on the condition of the working requirements, all performance indexes of the peanut picking machine can satisfactorily meet the operation quality requirements of the half-feed peanut picker. The research played a significantly practical guiding role in the design of the new type half-feed peanut picker, and can provide technical foundation for designing peanut harvesting machinery in the future.

Abstract:In view of the non-standard ellipsoidal shape of the preserved eggs, it is difficult to adopt the defining methods to determine the elastic modulus. This research adopts the elastic modulus (E) proposed by ASABE solving method and Poisson′s ratio (μ) determination method to describe the calculation principle based on the mathematical relation between the coefficient λ of the basic physical quantities of the preserved egg such as the sphericity, appearance of size，curvature radius and and cosine theta. TMS-PRO food property analyzer and small displacement transducer are used as the main measuring instruments to carry out transverse and longitudinal compression experiments on the preserved egg respectively to obtain the stress strain curve of different directions. The load-resistance elastic module of the preserved egg is as follows: the intermediate pressure is 3.204 MPa, and the pressure on both ends is 3.666 MPa; Poisson′s ratio: the intermediate pressure is 0.1554, ans the pressure on both ends is 0.3830. 

Abstract:Soil salinity is a major environmental constraint to agricultural productivity.It is a complex network for plant adaptation to salt stress,and it is still a great challenge to improve crop salt tolerance.Mechanisms of SOS signal transduction pathway on Na+ exclusion and compartmentation,the regulation of microRNA and transcription factors involved in salt stress were reviewed.It will provide a fundamental understanding and knowledge for studying salt resistance and breeding salt tolerance in plants.

Abstract:Tea plant which has strong ability to accumulate fluoride is one of the several plants containing richest fluoride.In this paper,the absorption and distribution of fluoride in tea tree and the influences of fluoride on physiology of tea plant was reviewed.The possible mechanisms including the uptake and transfer way of fluoride for fluoride-resistant,the role of secondary metabolites in reducing poison of fluoride,the defense system against the free radical injury under fluoride stress,the toxic effect of the combined forms on fluoride and the detoxification of cell walls in fixation of fluorine were discussed.