• Volume 34,Issue 2,2015 Table of Contents
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    • >Crop genetic improvement and cultivation
    • Effects of different sowing times of peanut on ecological factors of sugarcane-peanut intercropping and peanut yield

      2015, 34(2):1-8.

      Abstract (1153) HTML (0) PDF 1019.23 K (2331) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Sugarcane (Saccharum sinensis Roxb) is an important sugar crop produced mainly in the subtropical and tropical regions of China.Wide row spacing (1.0-1.2 m) and initial slow growth rate of sugarcane offers a suitable space and resources (water,nutrition,light) niche for intercropping in sugarcane.A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different sowing times of peanut on ecological factors of sugarcane-peanut intercropping and peanut yield.Seven treatments were used to evaluate appropriate sugarcane-peanut intercropping treatments.Results showed that peanut yield and the agronomic traits significantly increased in appropriate sugarcane-peanut intercropping treatments,especially in the IS3 treatment.The intercropping treatments significantly increased the concentration of soil ammonium nitrogen with 57.66%-85.69%.Meanwhile,it significantly decreased the concentration of soil nitrate nitrogen,especially in the IS3,IS4,IS5 treatments,which decreased by 24.33%-26.76%.The functional diversity and metabolic activity of soil microbial community was improved under intercropping,so did with soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen.Intercropping improved the condition of field microclimate.The soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were significantly correlated with yield.It is indicated that appropriate sugarcane-peanut intercropping could obviously increase the peanut yield and the agronomic traits,which had significant ecological effects.

    • >园艺.林学
    • Flowering characteristics and breeding system of Tagetes patula

      2015, 34(2):9-15.

      Abstract (1326) HTML (0) PDF 4.38 M (2640) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The morphologies of flower organs,flowering dynamics,pollen viability,stigma receptivity,pollination methods,out-crossing index,pollen-ovule ratio,pollination and bagging effects were investigated with observation in the outside to determine the breeding system of Tagetes patula.The results showed that heterotypic inflorescence of Tagetes patula was composed of female ray florets and bisexual disk florets.The flowering duration of a single inflorescence was 20-22 d.The flowering process of the inflorescence was classified into four stages including flowering of ray florets,flowering of disk florets,development of achene and maturity of achene.Pollen vitality only sustained 2-3 days after flowering,with the maximum values within the first and second days.The highest stigma receptivity of ray florets was kept from the second day to the fifth day after flowering,while that of the disk florets was kept from the forth day to the fifth day.Insect pollination was the major pollination method and bees and butterflies were the main insects.The combination of the out-crossing index,pollen-ovule ratio and hybridization experiment showed that the breeding system of Tagetes patula was belonged to cross pollination system and pollinators were required.The self-pollination could occur in same inflorescence via the spreading of pollens during the process of stigma elongation.

    • Analyses and utilization of the phenotypic diversity of carnation

      2015, 34(2):16-23.

      Abstract (1226) HTML (0) PDF 2.18 M (2357) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The phenological phase and morphological indicators of 23 carnation cultivars were investigated to provide reliable bases for the resource utilization and genetic improvement of carnation.The results showed that there were large differences between standard carnations and spray carnations.The differences among standard carnation cultivars were large while the differences among spray carnation cultivars were relatively small.The growing speeds of standard carnations usually were faster than those of spray carnations.Dianthus caryophyllus ‘Snow White’ which grew fastest among standard carnations came into its full-flower stage 163 days after planting.While D. caryophyllus ‘Samba’ which grew fastest among spray carnations came into full-flower stage 195 days later after planting.Among all of the phenotypic traits,flower number and branch number had the greatest variation degree,with the variation coefficient of 135.14% and 56.27%,respectively.The height of plant had the smallest variation coefficient,with the variation coefficient of 14.30%.When the genetic distance was 6.1,the 23 carnation cultivars were divided into two big groups,consistent with the results of classification based on the phenotypic traits.Standard carnation cultivars are suitable for forcing culture to bloom earlier while spray carnation cultivars can be used for retarding culture to bloom later.

    • Cloning and expression analysis of a cold responsive zinc-finger protein gene PhTZF1 in Petunia hybrida

      2015, 34(2):24-30.

      Abstract (1137) HTML (0) PDF 2.10 M (2330) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Gene expression profile of Petunia hybrida was used to screen cold responsive gene,then one CCCH-type zinc-finger protein gene PhTZF1 was identified.Its corresponding full length cDNA in Petunia hybrida was amplified via RT-PCR.The full length of the coding region was 2 085 bp,putatively encoding 694 amino acid residuals,and contained 2 CCCH-type zinc-finger domains.The analyses of phylogenic tree showed that the PhTZF1 was similar to the AtSZF1 in Arabidopsis thaliana.Through analyzing expression profile of tissues with Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR,the PhTZF1 was found to express in root,stem,leaf and flower,but with very low level.The results of real-time PCR showed that PhTZF1 gene was up-regulated in different degrees under cold,drought,ABA,MeJA,salt and hypertonic stresses,while it was most sensitive to cold stress,indicating that the PhTZF1 gene was related with the responses to cold,drought and other abiotic stresses.

    • Analysis of variation of landscape pattern in Zhejiang coastal area

      2015, 34(2):31-35.

      Abstract (1120) HTML (0) PDF 911.17 K (2001) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Landscape pattern and changes of coastal area in Zhejiang during the recent 20 years have been analyzed,based on the classification data of the coastal land in Zhejiang in 1999,2000 and 2010.The results show that the proportion of various types of landscape in coastal area in Zhejiang is rather uneven; the size sort of various types of landscape is woodland>cropland>construction land>wetlands>grassland>unused land; the fragmentation sort of various types of landscape is unused land>grassland>construction land>wetlands>cropland>woodland and the degree of fragmentation of grassland and unused land is in the deepening year; landscape patch is built with tortuous border and irregular shape,and the interference intensity of landscape patches gradually increased by the human activity; in the rapid expansion of urban land,the farmland is mainly occupied,followed by woodlands and wetlands,and some kind of grassland and unused land portion has become urban land either; original wetlands have been damaged in varying degrees,mainly due to the urbanization and land reclamation; the utilization situation of unused land is better,mainly being used for afforestation.

    • >Plant protection
    • Effect of flooding stress on the nutrients of pest-resistant rice varieties and its relationship with feeding amount of rice brown planthopper

      2015, 34(2):36-40.

      Abstract (1180) HTML (0) PDF 941.45 K (2098) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Taking six pest-resistant rice varieties as test materials, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of flooding stress on the nutrients of the resistant varieties and its relationship with the feeding amount of brown planthopper(BPH),Nilaparvata lugens (Stl).The results indicated that the content of free amino acid in the stem of rice variety TN1, Babawee, RHT, Ptb33, RP1976-8-6-4-2 and 570011 was influenced greatly by the flooding stress. The content of free amino acid of the rice variety RHT after the flooding and that of RP1976-18-6-4-2 and 570011 after being flooded longer than 3 d were higher than that of the control. The content of free amino acid in the stem of rice variety IR56 was higher than that of the control only on the flooding 3d. The content of soluble sugar in rice variety TN1 was fluctuated and that of rice variety IR56, Babawee, RHT, Ptb33 and 570011 was greatly influenced by flooding stress, which was lower than that of the control after being drowned with water. The content of soluble sugar in rice variety RP1976-18-6-4-2 was higher than that of the control within the first 3 d of flooding and lower than that of the control by flooding more than 5 d .The regression analysis of relationship between the nutrients of rice variety and feeding amount of BPH showed that the feeding amount of BPH biotype Ⅱ and Bangladesh on TN1 and BPH Bangladesh on IR56, Babawee and RP1976-18-6-4-2 was influenced by the content of total free amino acid and soluble sugar after flooding stress. The feeding amount of BPH biotype Ⅱ and Bangladesh on RHT,Ptb33 and 570011 was correlated positively with the content of soluble sugar whereas the feeding amount of BPH biotype Ⅱ on Babawee was correlated negatively with the content of soluble sugar.

    • Identification and population distribution of Meloidogyne species from the vegetable base in Shenzhen City

      2015, 34(2):41-48.

      Abstract (1056) HTML (0) PDF 4.67 M (1826) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:In this study,a survey was carried out to identify Meloidogyne species from rhizosphere of vegetables in Shenzhen City by means of morphology, isozymes and molecular analysis. The results showed that among 121 samples of roots and rhizosphere soil from 13 different vegetable bases in Shenzhen City, Meloidogyne were found in 74 samples from 11 different fields, and the incidence rate of Meloidogyne was 61.16%. Seventy six populations of Meloidogyne were purified, and 4 species were detected and identified, including 69 populations of M.incognita, 3 populations of M.javanica, 1 population of M.arenaria and 3 populations of M.enterolobii. At the same time, mixed populations of M.incognita and M.enterolobii existed in 2 samples. In conclusion, Meloidogyne distribute widely in vegetable fields in Shenzhen City,and M.incognita is the dominated species.

    • Identification of the pathogen of pear valsa canker and screening of chemical fungicide against it

      2015, 34(2):49-55.

      Abstract (1510) HTML (0) PDF 4.43 M (2359) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:To identify the pathogen of pear valsa canker, the diseased branches of pear tree were collected from the fields of Hebei, Shanxi and Anhui Province respectively in China. Patthogens were isolated from the skin of these branches and then were cultured on PDA medium and purified by single spore culture. Identification of the pathogenic fungus was carried out according to the characteristics of fungal morphology, pathogenicity and sequence analysis of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (Rdn-ITS). Twenty two chemical fungicides were used to test their antibacterial effect on the mycelium growth and conidiophores germination in vitro and the control effect of the disease in the field by diseased spot cure. The results show that the five strains of purified pathogenic fungus from the six isolates were identical and the same to the reported pathogen Valsa mali var. pyri according to fungal morphologic characteristics. The symptoms induced by artificial inoculation with the five strains were the same as that found in the field. The five strains belonged to the same pathogen by analysis of rDNA-ITS sequence and had been submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) with the accession number JQ618018, which had 100% similarity to V.ceratosperma from pear tree in Italy (DQ241769), Valsa mali var.pyri from pear tree in Shanxi (GU174590) and V.ambiens from pear tree in Xinjiang (HM013819) in the database of NCBI. Furthermore, another isolated strain was homologous up to 99% with Paraconiothyrium brasiliense, a kind of plant endophyte by analysis of rDNA-ITS sequence. In the fungicide in vitro assay, there were eight fungicides efficient to suppress the mycelia growth, and eleven fungicides efficient to inhibit the conidium germination. The field tests revealed that the 25% emulsifiable concentrate of Prochloraz in dilution of 1500 times, 20% suspension concentrate of Coumoxystrobin in dilution of 165 times and 97% Azoxystrobin technical in dilution of 15000 times were the most appropriate fungicides. Therefore, it was confirmed that the pathogen of pear valsa canker isolated from the three provinces above was Valsa mali var. pyri and Prochloraz, Coumoxystrobin and Azoxystrobin were high efficient chemicals in control of pear valsa canker in the production.

    • >Resources and environment
    • Characteristics of iron and manganese migration and deposition in soil columns under leaching condition

      2015, 34(2):56-64.

      Abstract (1300) HTML (0) PDF 1.11 M (2357) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The mixed or single solution with different Fe-Mn molar concentration(0-0.08 mol/L)with a pH value of 3.5 to leach the soil columns of brown red soil for 40 times was used to study the characteristics of iron-manganese migration and deposition in alternating of wet and dry conditions with different leaching ways (simultaneously or alternately).Results showed that the pH of soil column leachate decreased gradually with progress of the leaching.After leaching 40 times,the pH of leachate was lower than that of the leaching solution,while the contents of iron and manganese oxide were similar in leachate and leaching solution.After leaching,iron and manganese oxide in the soil was in the order of the free state>amorphous state>the complex state.The deposition of iron in the soil columns was greater than that of manganese,of which the amount of free state and amorphous state iron were much higher than the corresponding amount of manganese.The content of complex state Fe and Mn were relatively close.Iron deposition amount in soil columns treated with simultaneously iron and manganese leaching were higher than that of the corresponding alternate leaching,while the amounts of manganese deposition were higher than that of iron.In alternate leaching treatments,the higher the concentrations of leaching solution of manganese,the greater the amounts of iron deposition in soils.Exchangeable sodium,potassium,calcium and magnesium ions were lost with the leaching of manganese,among which the lost amounts of calcium and magnesium ions were larger.

    • Fishnet grid based construction of health evaluation system of Lanlingxi small watershed ecosystem

      2015, 34(2):65-71.

      Abstract (1222) HTML (0) PDF 1.42 M (2748) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Quantitatively evaluating the ecological health of a small watershed is a basis of carrying out scientific planning of ecology and formulating scheme of practicable treatment.The small watershed of Lanlingxi was selected as an example and pressure-state-response model was used to systematically study the indicator composition of health assessment system,screening of indicators,determination of weight,processing of grid data,establishment of source database of evaluation indicator,determination of health evaluation model,and health grading based on Fishnet grid.Results showed that the model integrated twelve independent factors into health assessment of ecosystem.The methods could achieve combined application of statistic data and natural data of geographical element,and enhance the accuracy of health assessment of small watershed ecosystem and reflect the differentiation characteristics of health status of assessment units.It will provide theoretical and technical foundation for the health assessment of small watershed ecosystem.

    • >Animal science.Veterinary medicine
    • Cloning and coding region mutation of FN1 as an anorectal malformation candidate gene in pigs

      2015, 34(2):72-77.

      Abstract (1135) HTML (0) PDF 1.07 M (2478) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) chips were applied to screen the candidate genes linked with anorectal malformation,and the Fibronectin1 (FN1) gene on porcine chromosome 15 was captured as a candidate gene.By direct sequencing using the cDNA pools,we obtained the porcine FN1 mRNA sequence with a 7 437 bp ORF,encoding 2 478 aa.And 21 SNPs as well as three regions subject to alternative splicing were also identified.Of these SNPs,two (148 A>G in exon 22,50 G>C in exon 27) were non-synonymous (1 167Ile>Val,1435Glu-Asp).PCR-RFLP analysis of these two SNPs suggested that the allele and genotype frequencies in the AA pigs and unaffected pigs were different (P<0.05).Therefore,FN1 mutations may affect the normal development of anorectal process,but the result need to be further verified.

    • Inhibition and related mechanisms of different selenium compounds on canine breast cancer cells CTM1211

      2015, 34(2):78-85.

      Abstract (1390) HTML (0) PDF 3.43 M (1930) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:To evaluate the effect of different doses,forms and compatibility of selenium on canine breast cancer cells CTM1211and to explore the related mechanisms,CTM1211 cells were intervened by different doses of CTX(cyclophosphamide:1,2,4 mg/mL),SSE(selenite:10,20,40 μmol/L),MSA(methylseleninic acid:10,20,40 μmol/L),MSC(selenocysteine:200,400,800 μmol/L),CTX+SSE(0.5 mg/mL+5 μmol/L,1 mg/mL+10 μmol/L,2 mg/mL+20 μmol/L),CTX+MSA(0.5 mg/mL+5 μmol/L,1 mg/mL+10 μmol/L,2 mg/mL+20 μmol/L) and CTX+MSC(0.5 mg/mL+100 μmol/L,1 mg/mL+200 μmol/L,2 mg/mL+400 μmol/L) for 24 h,48 h and 72 h,and the cell viability of each group was determined by MTT.While simplified cells were intervened by CTX(2 mg/mL),SSE(40 μmol/L),MSA(20 μmol/L),MSC (400 μmol/L) and CTX+MSA(2 mg/mL+20 μmol/L) for 48 h and the cell apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry,the protein and mRNA expression of VEGF-a(vascular endothelial growth factor a),PTEN(phosphatase and tensin homolog),Ang-2(angiopoietin-2) and HIF-1a(hypoxia inducible factor 1a) were measured by immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR,respectively.The cell viability of each group at 48 h/72 h was significantly lower(P<0.01 or P<0.05),while the apoptosis ratewas significantly higher at each time point (P<0.01) than that of the control group,and the effect of group CTX + MSA was the most significant.Generally,the expression of VEGF-a,Ang-2 and HIF-1a protein and mRNA were significantly low,while that of PTEN were significantly up regulated.In conclusion,selenium,especially MSA,could significantly inhibit breast cancer cell CTM1211,which is partly due to the induction of apoptosis and regulation of tumor angiogenesis-related factors VEGF-a,PTEN,Ang-2 and HIF-1a by selenium.

    • Construction and prokaryotic expression of multi-epitope chimeric gene of sheeppox virus

      2015, 34(2):86-90.

      Abstract (1213) HTML (0) PDF 1.95 M (2464) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:To design a new gene encoding the multi-epitope chimeric antigen of sheeppox virus (SPPV) and express the chimeric gene,the dominant epitopes of ORF90,ORF112,ORF117,ORF55 and ORF134 gene of SPPV were analyzed and selected by computer software and reported references.A recombinant multi-epitope chimeric gene including SPPV six multi-epitope genes was constructed and cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pET-32.The recombinant plasmids pET32-mE were induced by IPTG.The SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the concentration of the fusion protein in E.coli protein was about 32,with a molecular weight of 41 ku.The optimal temperature,concentration of IPTG and induced time for the recombinant protein were 37 ℃,0.5 mmol/L and 4 h,respectively.The fusion protein was identified correctly by positive serum against capripoxvirus by Western-blotting,suggesting potential value of genetically engineering vaccine.

    • Antibacterial activity of crude extract from twenty traditional Chinese medicines like Artemisia argyi against Pasteurella multocida in vitro

      2015, 34(2):91-94.

      Abstract (1507) HTML (0) PDF 923.33 K (2306) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Active ingredients of 20 traditional Chinese medicines were extracted by ethanol circumfluence,water decoction,and ultrasonic extraction.Double dilution method is used to determine the antibacterial activity on Pasteurella multocida in vitro.And then the joint bacteriostatic activities of a few traditional Chinese medicines were evaluated.The result showed that the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was in a range of 6.25~50 mg/mL mugwort leaf (Artemisia argyi),Rhizoma coptidis,Cortex phellodendri,Cortex fraxini,Garden burnet,Giant knotweed’s extracts,in range of 50 to 100 mg/mL for Radix paeoniaerubra,Radix-polygonimultiflori,Herba artemisiae capillaris,Rhizomabelamcandae,Licorice root,Dandelion,Cortex dictamni’s extracts,and more than 100 mg/mL for Honeysuckle,Radix bupleuri,Radix isatidis,Prunella vulgaris,Herba andrographitis,Rhizoma anemarrhenae,Radix sophorae flavescentis’s extracts.The results of joint bacteriostatic test showed that the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of R.coptidis,C.phellodendri,C.fraxini,G.knotweed,and A.argyi were less than or equal to 0.5 and the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of C.phellodendri,C.fraxini,R.coptidis and G.knotweed,Qin leather,G.burnet and C.phellodendri were more than or equal to 2.In conclusion,R.coptidis,C.phellodendri,G.burnet,and A.argyi had good antimicrobial activities against P.multocida. R.coptidis,C.phellodendri,G.burnet and Mugwort showed additive or synergy action,while Sanguisorba and C.phellodendri showed antagonistic action.

    • Dynamics and budgets of nitrogen and phosphorus in intensive crucian carp culture ponds

      2015, 34(2):95-100.

      Abstract (1423) HTML (0) PDF 999.94 K (2404) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:An experiment was conducted to study the dynamics and budget of nitrogen and phosphorus in two crucian carp(Carassiusauratus var.pengzenensis) pondsfor about three months.The results showed that the concentrations of different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water column were increased significantly during the late experimental period.The concentrations of total nitrogen and phosphorus were increased by 7.8 times and 4.4 times in pond A,and by 3.6 times and 2.4 times in pond B,respectively.The concentration of total nitrogen and phosphorus in pond mud had no significant changes.Feed is the major source of nitrogen and phosphorus in the pond,accounting for 88% and 96% of the input of nitrogen and phosphorus on average,respectively.The accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in fish body accounted for 29.73% and 10.06% of the total expenditure in pond A,31.29% and 9.03% in pond B,respectively.Most of the nitrogen (53%) and phosphorus(87%) were deposited in the mud or left the water body through leakage,denitrification and ammonia volatilization.

    • Weighted gene co-expression network analysis based on Copula function

      2015, 34(2):101-105.

      Abstract (1138) HTML (0) PDF 2.75 M (2993) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:In order to improve the WGCNA model,we utilized Frank-Copula function to calculate correlation coefficient in this paper.Meanwhile,we applied the improved model to mine the mice genetic data,and discovered that there were 67 genes related to weight problems resulted from obesity in the maximum correlation coefficient module.The efficiency of the model was up to 62.6%,which justified the scientificity,effectiveness and feasibility of this model in functional genetic screening application.

    • >Food science and agricultural engineering
    • Optimal technology of preventing rice storage pests and mildew by pulsed microwave

      2015, 34(2):106-112.

      Abstract (1189) HTML (0) PDF 1.02 M (2519) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Effects of pulsed microwave on fatality rate of rice weevil and Aspergillus parasiticus and rice quality (rice temperature,the ratio of broken-rice and cracked-rice,and sensory quality) were investigated to provide a suitable microwave processing technology for rice storage.Based on the single factor experiments of width,dose,total time and intermittent time of microwave,the fatality rate of rice weevil and Aspergillus parasiticus increased dramatically with the increase of irradiation intensity.Meanwhile,the rice temperature increased gradually,weevil hatchability declined dramatically,the ratio of broken-rice and cracked-rice increased slightly with no obvious changes in overall sensory.By orthogonal test,the optimal pulsed microwave condition was found to be pulsed microwave dose of 7.5 W/g,pulse width of 300 ms,interval time of 50 ms,the total processing time of 30 s.Under the optimal condition,the fatality rate of rice weevil and Aspergillus parasiticus was 100.0% and 83.2%,respectively.The rice temperature was 53.8℃.The ratio of broken-rice and cracked-rice increased by 1.2% and 1.5%,respectively.The sensory score was 7.3.

    • Hypoglycemic effects of two tea polysaccharides

      2015, 34(2):113-119.

      Abstract (1663) HTML (0) PDF 993.19 K (3130) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Effects of T01-TPS extracted from Yingshuang (Camellia sinensis) and T09-TPS extracted from Yunnan Dayezhong (Camellia sinensis) on alloxan-induced diabetes mice were studied.Different groups of normal mice and diabetic mice induced by alloxan were administered TPS for 14 days.Fasting blood glucose,weight of body,and immune organs were determined before and after treatment.The glucose tolerance tests were carried out.The results showed that both T01-TPS and T09-TPS significantly decreased the blood glucose level in alloxan-induced mice which was correlated with the dosage of TPS to some degree and increased the glucose tolerance in alloxan-induced mice.Both T01-TPS and T09-TPS improved the index of thymus and spleen.It is indicated that T01-TPS and T09-TPS had remarkable hypoglycemic effect and immune-enhancing activity.The effect of T01-TPS was better than that of T09-TPS.

    • Effects of background and optical path length on predicting the contents of tea polyphenol with NIR models

      2015, 34(2):120-124.

      Abstract (1176) HTML (0) PDF 1.30 M (2186) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:In order to establish the stable models,the air and pure water background NIRS models were compared.2 mm,3 mm,5 mm,8 mm and 10 mm optical path length NIR spectra of black tea’s solution on air and pure water background were attained to set up single-optical and multi-optical path length NIR models through using partial least squares (PLS) and principle of permutation and combination.The results of using NIR models to predict unknown samples of black tea were examined by t-test statistical method.The results showed that there was no difference between the NIR models with the same optical path length and different background.There was significant difference (P<0.05) between models with different optical path lengths on the pure water background.In the multi-optical path length models,the performances of NIR models on air background were better than that of the models on water background.The best NIR model combined 5 mm and 8 mm optical path length,whose predictable accuracy was better than that of single-optical path length models.The NIRS models of air background was better than that of pure water background.

    • LAI measurement from horizontal direction for precision spraying

      2015, 34(2):125-130.

      Abstract (1146) HTML (0) PDF 1.51 M (2311) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Leaf area index (LAI) of fruit trees provides significant references for precision spraying. However, measuring LAI from the vertical direction conventionally does not conform to the actual demand of lateral precision spraying. In this paper, using measuring system of citrus LAI with near-infrared transmittance technique, LAI of citrus trees was measured from the horizontal direction, the total leaf area was calculated, and then the real leaf area was obtained by direct method as standard values to measure the error. The experimental result was that the average absolute value of the absolute errors were 0.45 and 0.40 respectively, and average absolute value of the relative errors were 17.37% and 14.91% respectively when measuring in east-west direction and south-north direction. Besides the error of measuring the total leaf area was not much different with the error of measuring from vertical direction by using the system or WinSCANOPY Canopy analysis system. It shows that the accuracy of measuring LAI or total leaf area from horizontal direction meets the requirement of the experiment.

    • NIRS rapid detection of elemental analysis for straw biomass based on PLS algorithm

      2015, 34(2):131-135.

      Abstract (1185) HTML (0) PDF 1.38 M (2229) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:To investigate the feasibility of fast detection of the elements of N, C, H, S and O of straw biomass by using the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology, 199 straw samples have been collected and prepared, including the straw of rice, wheat, canola and corn. Near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy combined with PLS chemometric algorithms has been used to compare the calibration effect with different spectral pretreatment methods in 7400-5550 cm-1 wavelength range, and the optimal calibration analysis models for N, C, H, S and O element of straw biomass have been established, then the independent samples of validation set were used to validate the model. The validation results show that the established quantitative analysis model for N element can be used in practical detecting; the established quantitative analysis model for O element can be used in practical estimation; the quantitative analysis model of C element by using near-infrared technology is feasible, but the model needs to be further optimized; H and S element can not be quantitatively analyzed by using NIRS technology.

    • An identification method based on multi-feature and Adaboosting_SVM of eggshell crack

      2015, 34(2):136-140.

      Abstract (1159) HTML (0) PDF 997.88 K (2384) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:With good eggs and crack eggs as experimental subjects,the machine vision and support vector machines (SVM) were used to study the differences between good eggs and crack eggs, and multi-feature parameters were extracted to achieve automatic recognition of crack eggs. Firstly, an algorithm would be run to eliminate bright spots on the preprocessed image of the surface of eggs before marking them by region. Secondly, 13 characteristic parameters from five different domains to identify the good eggs and crack eggs were extracted, and these parameters were as follows: the marked region parameters of images (the number of markers and the marker area points), the geometric parameters (the major axis and the minor axis), the shape parameters based on Freeman chain code (the shape number), the texture parameters (the mean, the standard deviation, the smoothness, the third moment, the uniformity and the entropy) and the spectral parameters (the maximum amplitude and the maximum phase). Thirdly, to highlight the greater impact factors between 13 parameters and to shorten the detection time, adaboosting algorithm was used to optimize the above parameters, which was the input vector of SVM. Finally, the recognition model was built by SVM. The results indicated that the accuracy rate of the recognition model was 97.5%, which could meet the requirements of enterprises basically.

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