Abstract:To improve the β-carotene content of rice endosperm, the synthesized phytoene synthase gene(psy) from maize and phytoene dehydrogenase gene(crtI) from Erwinia uredovora are transformed into rice under the control of rice endosperm-specific glutellin promoter. A single-copy inserted and marker-free psy/crtI homozygous transgenic line ky1-4 was selected by combining PCR screening with Southern blotting analysis. The flanking genomic sequence next to the right border of the T-DNA insertion site was determined by thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR (Tail-PCR). In the assistance of Southern blotting analysis, the insertion of ky1-4 was located on rice chromosome 11. The quantitative analysis by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) showed that β-carotene contents in seeds of different transformed lines ranged from (1.99±0.11) μg/g to (4.41±0.30) μg/g, and that of ky1-4 was (3.11±0.08) μg/g.

Abstract:Brown planthopper (BPH) is one of the serious pests in rice production of China.The breeding of rice varieties with resistance against BPH is an effective way to control this pest.Rice line B5 carrying two brown planthopper resistance genes Bph14 and Bph15 was used as donor parent to cross and backcross with recipient parent R1005 with molecular marker-assisted selection.Three lines (CY11711-14,CY11712-5 and CY11714-100) carrying Bph14 and Bph15 genes were bred through identifying the BPH resistance and evaluating main agronomic traits.The results showed that all three bred lines were highly resistant to BPH.The results of evaluating yield,growth duration,main agronomic and quality traits showed that CY11712-5 and CY11714-100 were similar as the recipient parent R1005.Both nine hybrids from crossing three bred lines with the Q2A,Chuannong 1A,Tianfeng A and three bred lines were not resistant angainst BPH,indicating that Bph14 and Bph15 genes did not have the dominant effect in the experiment.

Abstract:Utilizing endosperm-specific promoter can effectively improve the quality of rice in genetic engineering,and has good application value in rice seed bioreactor.Based on microarray data,a rice endosperm-specific expression gene DX35 was identified.A promoter named as DXCP35 with 1 356 bp in length of the gene was cloned from the genomic DNA of Minghui 63 by PCR.Promoter DXCP35 was fused with β-glucuronidas(GUS) reporter gene and transformed into rice callus through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.DXCP35 was identified as an endosperm-specific promoter in transgenic rice plants by histochemical staining.Results of analyzing its 5′ end deletion showed that promoter fragment with 308 bp length was sufficient to maintain the endosperm-specific expression model.The core function areas of DXCP35 were preliminarily identified.

Abstract:Carbonic anhydrase (CA,EC 4.2.1.1),catalyzing reversible hydration of CO2 to HCO3-,plays an important role in turbo-charge CO2 supply to photosynthetic organisms in plants.In order to understand the effect of CA on photosynthesis,four rice cultivars with different photosynthetic characteristics,i.e.,R49,N22,TXZ-25 and ITA312,were selected in the experiment,and their flag leaves at the filling stage (in the 5 DAF,15 DAF,and 25 DAF rice flag leaves) were used to study at the transcriptional,physiological and biochemical levels.The relative quantitative expression of OsCA gene,enzyme activity of CA protein and net photosynthetic rate were analyzed to reveal the relationship of CA and photosynthesis.Results showed that a significant correlation was found between the gene expression and enzyme activity of rice CA and the net photosynthetic rate.The CA enzyme activity and its gene expression quantity existed a cultivar-specific difference,and the corresponding values of R49 were highest among the four cultivars at the same stage.the CA enzyme activity showed a similar dynamic trend of a rise first followed by a decline with grouting process,of which the value reached a maximum at the middle filling stage (15 DAF); and the changes on net photosynthetic rate of the different cultivars were consistent,showing a trend of gradual decline.Therefore,the changes of OsCA gene transcripts and enzyme activity values can be considered as an indicator for physiological status to test the stability of leaf and/or to identify cultivar-specific difference in rice.

Abstract:To identify and analyze the promoter region of the gene aziU1 (PaziU1) in Streptomyces sahachiroi ATCC33158,the 183 bp DNA fragment upstream of aziU1 and the strong constitutive promoter PermE* (as the positive control) were cloned into the promoter-probe vector pIJ8660.The enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (egfp) was used as a qualitative and quantitative reporter of gene expression driven by the cloned promoters,PaziU1 and PermE*,with fluorescent intensity assay of mycelia.PaziU1 exhibited high level of promoter activities in three streptomycetes,Streptomyces sahachiroi,Streptomyces lividans ZX1 and Streptomyces albus.In the early growth phase (up to 36 h),the activities of PaziU1 were a little bit lower than those of PermE*.However,by 48 h,the activities of PaziU1 equaled and even exceeded those of PermE*.Therefore, that PaziU1 cloned from S.sahachiroi was identified as a strong constitutive promoter the same as PermE*.

Abstract:The difference of tree growth and fruit quality between kumquat grafted on kumquat and kumquat seedling tree,sour tangerine and trifoliate orange were investigated in 2 years of Yangshuo in Guangxi.Results show that the stock is different,the kumquat tree growth and fruit quality also is different.The seedling tree growing upstanding produced the least fruits,had the smallest vertical and transverse diameter and fruit weight,the thickest peel,the highest total soluble solids (TSS)/titratable acid (TA) ratio and the lowest titratable acid content.Fruits on kumquat had the biggest transverse diameter and fruit weight,the worst peel brightness and the lightest color,vitamin C content and the lowest TSS.Trees on trifoliate orange showed the the thinnest peel,worst compatibility between scion and rootstock,the lowest edible rate,the highest TA content.Trees on Sour tangerine growing vigorously produced the deepest color,had the most fruits and the best fruit quality,the highest TSS,edible rate and Vc content,the best of peel brightness.Judged by overall performance,sour tangerine is the right stock to Yangshuo kumquat,could be applied in production.

Abstract:The bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) caused by Acidovorax avenae ssp. citrulli (Aac) is a sort of devastating seed-borne quarantine disease of cucurbits. The impact of seed infection was investigated to the disease severity of cucurbit rootstock seedling and the infection process of Aac during seedling stage through artificially inculcating cucurbit seeds with Aac.In greenhouse condition, the relationship between different carrier amount of bacteria and the disease level of BFB was established. The results indicate that during the seed-borne infection process, the Aac infected the cotyledons firstly, then infected the hypocotyls and colonized in the xylem and phloem, caused the disease of the hypocotyls. Moreover, the higher amount of bacteria the seeds carried, and the higher disease rate and index the young seedling was. 

Abstract:In order to prompt smut resistance levels of sugarcane varieties or clones,using mixed spores of Ustilago scitaminea Sydow collected in main sugarcane-producing areas in Guangdong Province as a inoculum.Adopt the method of combination of dipping inoculation with natural infection,smut resistance identification has been carried out to 34 sugarcane varieties or clones through new plant field experiments.The evaluation results showed that 00-319, 01-121, 00-256, 01-125 and 01-79 were highly resistant to smut (HR), accounting for 14.7%; 01-120, YT03-233 and CP93-1634 were of the resistance (R), accounting for 8.8%; YT96-86 and 99-57 were of the middle resistance (MR), accounting for 5.9%; 01-246, YT95-168, 01-160, YT91-1102, 01-244, YT00-318, CP89-2143 and CP94-1100 were of the middle sensitivity to smut (MS), accounting for 23.5%; 98-73, YT99-66, YT91-976, ROC22, NCo376, ROC20 and YT03-393 were sensitive to smut (S), accounting for 20.6%; ROC10, 97-639, YN83-88, F134, YT03-373, YT02-205, YT02-373, YT04-232 and NCo310 were highly sensitive to smut (HS), accounting for 26.5%. 

Abstract:An environment friendly biocontrol agents Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 9601-Y2 5.0×109 cfu/mL SC was formulated though screening surfactants, thickeners, UV protectants, preservatives, antifreezes,and defoamers. It included 5.00% B9601-Y2 powder,2.50% Nongyu 34,2.00% D-425, 1.50% emulsifier OP-10,0.15% xanthan gum，0.15% urea, 0.06% methylparaben, 5.00% glycerol, 0.20% n-octanol and 83.44% water. By wet grinding the product suspension rate was over 92.00% and stable after cold and hot storage.

Abstract:A pot experiment was conducted to investigate effects of applying molybdenum and selenium on antio-xidative defense system and osmotic-adjustment system of pakchoi cabbage under salt stress.The results showed that both Mo and combination of Mo and Se increased yield of pakchoi cabbage.Co-application of Mo and Se increased the capacity of pakchoi cabbage to eliminate active oxygen and increased the ability of osmotic-adjustment of pakchoi cabbage.Single Mo also increased the capacity of pakchoi cabbage to eliminate active oxygen and the ability of osmotic-adjustment of pakchoi cabbage.Single Se had a very small role in enhancing salt stress tolerance of pakchoi cabbage.Mo and Se had synergistic effects on increasing Mo and Se uptaking of pakchoi cabbage.Co-application of Mo and Se not only increased salt tolerance but also produced Se-enriched cabbage.

Abstract:A pot experiment was conducted to study the application effects of acid soil conditioner on the growth, seed yield of winter oilseed rape and soil pH. The results showed that acid soil conditioner could enhance the growth and improve seed yield of winter oilseed rape by increasing pod numbers per plant, ratio of effective seed setting and seed numbers per pod. Compared with the control, the average height of plant treated with acid soil conditioner at seedling stage, stem-elongation stage, early-flowering stage and pod stage increased 19.6%, 12.5%, 12.2% and 11.6%, respectively. The SPAD values of leaf were increased with the average of 0.5%, 6.3%, 9.3% and 10.2% at those four stages. At mature stage, the primary branches numbers, pod number per plant, ratio of effective seed setting, seed number per pod were increased with the average of 41.7%, 42.7%, 10.5% and 20.9%, respectively. The average increase rate of yield was 25.4%. The soil conditioner could enhance soil pH. Compared with the control, the soil pH values were increased on average with 0.13, 0.03, 0.11 and 0.38 unit at seedling stage, stem-elongation stage, early-flowering stage and pod stage, respectively. It is indicated that the acid soil conditioner can be applied to improve the growth of oilseed rape and soil pH under acid soils. 

Abstract:A field experiment combined with the point observation method was conducted to study the relationship between the concentrations of mineral nutrient in the flowers and leaves of Nanfengmiju mandarin (Citrus kinokuni Hort.ex Tanaka) to determine whether flower analysis could be used for nutrient diagnosis.The results showed that concentrations of K,Ca and Mn in the leaves were significantly positive correlated with those in the flowers in two years.Concentrations of Mg,Cu and Fe in the flowers was significantly correlated with those in the leaves only in one year.Average concentrations of N,P,K,Mg,Fe,Cu and Zn in flowers were significantly higher than those in the leaves in 2011,whereas concentrations of the Ca,Mn and B in flowers were significantly lower than those in leaves.Average concentrations of N,P,K and Zn were significantly higher than those in leaves in 2012,whereas concentrations of Ca,Mg,Mn and B in flowers were significantly lower than those in leaves.Concentrations of Fe and Cu in flowers and leaves were not significantly different.Except the variation coefficients of concentrations of Fe and Mn in flowers in 2011 and concentrations of N,Cu and B in flowers in 2012,the variation coefficients of concentrations of other nutrients in flowers were lower than that in leaves.The best-fit curves were set up for concentrations of K,Ca and Mn,with the curve of K presenting exponential function relation,the curve of Mn presenting cubic function relation,and the curve of Ca presenting linear function relation ranged from 0 to 0.6% in two years.It is indicated that floral analysis as an early method could be used to diagnose the concentrations of K,Ca and Mn of Nanfengmiju mandarin (Citrus kinokuni Hort.ex Tanaka).

Abstract:The photocatalytic degradation of two widely used antibiotics including Oxytetracycline (OTC) and Tetracycline (TC) in the aqueous suspension containing Bi2MoO6 nanosheets with (010) facets exposed to visible light was studied.The effects of catalyst amount,initial pH,and initial concentrations of substrates on the rates of photocatalytic degradation were investigated.The radical scavengers were added into the reaction solution to evaluate the activities of the free radicals.Results showed that pH significantly affected the degradation of OTC and TC.The maximum removal rates of OTC and TC were obtained at pH 11.0 with concentration of Bi2MoO6 of 1.4 g/L and initial concentration of substrates of 20 mg/L.Under these conditions,42.1% of OTC and 58.8% of TC were degraded under visible light for 60 minutes.The disappearance of these two compounds followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics based on the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) model.The rate constants for OTC and TC were 0.006 64 min-1 and 0.008 45 min-1,respectively.The surface reaction on Bi2MoO6 played an important role in degrading OTC and TC.The further study of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) showed that the photo-generated hole (h+) was mainly responsible for the degradation of OTC and TC.

Abstract:To further improve the in vitro development systems of porcine embryos,we optimized the types of embryo culture media,the methods of serum treatment during embryo culture,the effects of coculture with cumulus cells on embryos development in vitro,using porcine parthenogenetic embryos as a model.The results demonstrated that porcine zygote medium-3(PZM3) was the suitable medium for in vitro culture of porcine embryos compared with Charles Rosenkrans 1 (CR1aa).Cultured in PZM3 from Day 0 to 4 and then added 10% fetal bovine serum from Day 4 to 6,porcine embryos showed the higher developmental capacity,with the cleavage rates,blastocyst rates,hatched blastocyst rates and cell number of blastocysts of 95.1%,56.5%,27.3% and 79.3 respectively.Based on the above,we cocultured porcine embryos with goat cumulus cells and further improved the hatched blastocyst rates to 36.6%,suggesting an efficient and stable in vitro development systems of porcine embryos was established preliminarily.

Abstract:Based on the porcine SIRT1 mRNA sequence from GenBank，primers of porcine SIRT1 gene were designed and coding region of SIRT1 gene was amplified.The epitope sequences located on the rear section of SIRT1 protein were then inserted into pET-28a(+) by Ω-PCR.The SIRT1 protein was expressed in E.coli,purified and its polyclonal antibody was produced by immuning rabbit，the protein weight is about 45 ku and the antibody titers is about 212.The results showed that antibody is capable of detecting the porcine SIRT1 protein specifically and provided a new tool for studies of the cellular path way involving in porcine SIRT1.

Abstract:The geno-variation and genetic evolution of the ORF3 gene of porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses (PEDV) prevailing in China were studied.Phylogenetic analysis of the ORF3 gene from two representative PEDV isolates from Zhejiang area and 65 PEDV reference strains from other area in China were conducted.The results showed that the 67 ORF3 sequences were clustered into four groups.The strains obtained from Zhejiang in the study fell into G4-2 subgroup,which included the majority of strains studied.The newly obtained strains in this study were highly homologue with the CH-S strain,with a nucleotide identity of 98.4%-98.5% and a deduced amino acid identity of 99.1%-99.6%.The ORF3 gene of strains isolated from south China during 2011 and 2012 constituted G1 group,which had identities of 95.0% to 97.2% in nucleotide and unique nine nucleotide variations compared with other strains.In summary,the strains from Zhejiang area and most other strains studied were clustered into the G4-2 group,while the strains from Southern China were clustered into the G1 group,indicating that there were two different genotypes of PEDV prevailing in China during 2011 and 2012.

Abstract:The age and growth of Paramisgurnus dabryanus (385 individuals) and Misgurnus anguillicaudatu (177 individuals) sampled from Zhengzhou city,Henan Province were studied using scale and otolith in October,2012.The results showed that the scale and otolith were suitable for determinations of age structure and growth of these two kinds of loaches,which had 5 different age groups and most of them belong to the 1-3 year group.The relationships between body length and scale radius for P.dabryanus and M.anguillicaudatus were beeline correlative and the expressions were LP=4.4602r+5.3128 and LM=8.5110r+3.0081,respectively.The growth rates for body length and weight were similar of these two loaches,with the equations of WP=0.008L3.051(R2=0.886 0) and WM=0.009L2.992(R2=0.869 3),respectively.The body growth pattern could be well described by von Bertalanffy equation of LP=21.84\[1-e-0.129(t+3.638)\] and LM=28.02\[1- e-0.097(t+3.521)\],respectively.The rapid growth stage for P.dabryanus and M.anguillicaudatus was before the age of 2 and 3,respectively.In addition,the results showed that the minimum fishing specifications length for these two loaches was 13 cm.

Abstract:In order to understand the distribution of the SpHtp1 gene among different saprolegnia strains,using Saprolegnia parasitica (ATCC200013TM) genomic DNA as the template,a pair of gene-specific primers was designed,a PCR method was developed and the parameters for PCR amplification was optimized.The PCR product was extracted,linked into pMD18-T vector and then cloned into E.coli DH5α.The recombination plasmid was identified by PCR and sequenced to prove the amplification of the target gene.As a result,a 224 bp DNA fragment of the SpHtp1 gene can be amplified from the saprolegnia genome,which had an identity of 99% in sequence with that of other Saprolegnia strains.Additionally,17 samples from all over China were tested using this method and the SpHtp1 gene was present in 8 (47%) samples.The results indicated that the SpHtp1 gene is expressed specifically in S.parasitica,which can be used potentially for detection of Saprolegnia.

Abstract:Antioxidant activity of crude（exopolysaccharides,EPS）and purified（EPS-1）extracellular polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris BYB-08 were studied.The result showed that both crude and purified polysaccharides had scavenging activity against DPPH radical,·OH,O2-·,ferrous ion chelating ability and total reducing capacity (T-AOC).The scavenging rates of EPS and EPS-1 on DPPH radical at 10 mg/mL were 96.07% and 95.51%.The scavenging rates of EPS and EPS-1 on ·OH were 74.00% and 68.39%.The ferrous ion chelating capacity,scavenging rates of O2-·and the reducing power of EPS and EPS-1 were 54.12%,28.13%,75.10%,62.12%,62% and 54%,respectively.The crude polysaccharides EPS showed stronger antioxidant properties than purified polysaccharides EPS-1.

Abstract:In view of the great loss of the headers and the jam of the threshing device due to the thick rapeseed stalks, a new rapeseed combine harvester with the function of preliminary cutting and separation as well as the traditional incision and pushing has been designed.The parameters of structure and operation of its critical components have been defined. The test showed that the header has an integrated function of cutting, dialing the grain, pushing, preliminarily cutting and threshing. The rapeseed stalks can be cut into pieces less than 450 mm， so the blocking of threshing device can be effectively prevented，and the reliability, stability and adaptability of the rapeseed combine was greatly improved.

Abstract:An improved design has been applied to the self propelled monorail transporter, which removed the complex remote control device from the original design and used simpler, more reliable and economical mechanism of the four-bar-lever linkage clutching and braking by striking so as to realize the transporter′s clutch separating and automatic, reliable braking at any point along the orbit. In this way, the unmanned driving of the vehicle can be realized. Besides,air-cooled gasoline engine has replaced the original diesel engine, which increased the horsepower and reduced the weight and overall dimensions of the machine. The design of the T grip wheel has been optimized to prevent the transporter from skewing. The turning radius has been reduced, the original auxiliary orbit has been removed and its altitude has been cut so that the difficulty of the installation of the orbit has been reduced and the construction costs has been lowered by 40%.The results of experiment showed that the transporter could climb up the slope of 40° with a load of 500 kg, and climb down with 1000 kg and the minimum turning radius is less than 4 m. At the same time the monorail transporter worked reliably, ran smoothly and operated simply, which is perfectly suitable for mountainous transportation. 

Abstract:An automatic double spiral wire rope ranging device was designed to resolve the problems of wire rope disorder and extrusion when the mountain orchard traction double-track cargo vehicle was used in the curved track. Based on the analysis of the design requirement, the basic components and the operational principle of this device, the structure parameters of the chain transmission, the slide steering curve, and the guide fork of this wire ranging device was analyzed in this paper. Several synthetic wire rope ranging tests about this device were carried out after analyzing the force of the ranging rope wheel. The experimental results indicated that, in average，the wire rope ranging coefficient of original driving device was increased by 22.6% within the 16 m wire rope after installing the wire rope ranging device. Meanwhile, the power consumption increased by 0.026 kW·h in average and the driving device vibration noise was reduced by 0.75%. This wire rope ranging device has the advantages of ranging wire rope, low power consumption and reducing the driving device vibration noise. 

Abstract:In order to study the compression stress relaxation characteristics of cotton stalk particles, 22 different varieties of cotton stalk particles have been collected from different growing areas and environments and crushed by 40 mesh sieve, and then stress relaxation test have been implemented on them by RGM-6010 universal material testing machine. The stress relaxation curve of cotton stalk particles is fitted to the three-element generalized Maxwell model, the five-element generalized Maxwell model and the Peleg model. This article uses the obtained information and the fitting coefficient of determination as the evaluation indexes to establish the powder cotton straw stress relaxation constitutive equation. Results show that the stress relaxation curve showed an exponential, and had equilibrium stress. The five-element generalized Maxwell model is best to depict stress relaxation characteristics of cotton stalk particles and the fitting coefficient of determination, balance elastic modulus, the first stress time, and the second stress time are 0.999, 4.477 MPa, 4.39 s and 48.65 s respectively. Therefore, stress relaxation characteristics of cotton stalk particles were depicted best by the five-element generalized Maxwell model.

Abstract:The spectral data measured from spectral measurements are easily affected by human,environmental,equipment and other factors leading to the abnormal spectral characteristics and impacting analyses especially in spectral measurements in the fields.According to the situations of traditional spectral data in preprocessing and analysis,a novel algorithm used for abnormal data excluding adaptively and spectral data classifying automatically based on artificial intelligence was established.The Mahalanobis distance threshold by genetic algorithm searching was determined to exclude abnormal spectral data adaptively and to quantify the effect of excluding abnormal spectral consistency index (ACI).With the self-organizing neural network,spectral characteristics of various types of observing objects were used as input and classified automatically after removing the abnormal.The results showed that the algorithm achieved good excluding (ACI more than 86%) and classification (overall classification accuracy of 94%).It can be used to well automate the handling of excluding spectrum and spectral classification.