Abstract:A motif is a sequence pattern occurring repeatedly in a group of related DNA or protein sequences,and is an important concept for describing the common structure and function shared by the members of a protein family.However,the motif can be quite complex and is often difficult to predict the pattern of amino acid sequence.To get the desired results of the short motifs (2-4 polypeptides) derived from various bioinformatics is still a difficult task.The pep_pattern.pl can be used to solve this problem and provide a convenient set of Perl script for working with biological sequence motif.A Perl script pep_pattern.pl was written for searching very similar amino acid sequence pattern or motif in a group of related protein sequences by matching all the possible amino acids fragments permutation and counting frequency and position of each motif matched in sequence.

Abstract:A novel unknown MYB gene,designated OsMYB106,was isolated from rice,which was a typical R2R3-MYB transcription factor,and homologous to MYB106 in Arabidopsis.Subcellular localization indicated that OsMYB106 protein was located in nucleus.Real Time PCR showed that OsMYB106 was expressed highly in young panicle,and induced obviously by drought and cold stress.MYB106 RNAi plant showed dwarf and sterility.Further,pollen development related gene OsMS2 and CYP704B2 were down-regulated notably in plants MYB106 RNAi,the results indicated that OsMYB106 regulated OsMS2 and CYP704B2 involving in development of pollen cell wall to control the fertility of pollen.

Abstract:The response of different kenaf varieties to different methods and levels of fertilization were investigated to provide the rational fertilization for high yield and high efficient cultivation of kenaf.The effects of methods and levels of fertilization on the growth and yield of different kenaf varieties were studied with a pot experiment.The experiments included two kenaf varieties,i.e.Fuhong 992 and Hongyou 2,three fertilization levels,i.e.low fertilization (FL：N 0.10 g/kg,P2O5 0.05 g/kg and K2O 0.10 g/kg),middle fertilization (FM：N 0.15 g/kg,P2O5 0.075 g/kg,K2O 0.15 g/kg) and high fertilization (FH：N 0.20 g/kg,P2O50.10 g/kg,K2O 0.20 g/kg),and three fertilization methods,i.e.T1 (all N and K fertilizers as basal fertilizer),T2 (60% N and K fertilizers as basal fertilizer,40% N and K fertilizers as topdressing) and T3 (all N and K fertilizers as topdressing).Compared to FL,FM increased dry hide yield of kenaf by 16.31%-32.33% for Hongyou 2 and 6.51%-17.72% for Fuhong 992.FM significantly increased stem diameter,shoot dry mass,root dry mass and ratio of phloem to xylem and pith.Compared to T3,T1 and T2 increased dry hide yield by 21.30%-34.16% and 12.65%-29.36% for Hongyou 2 and 19.09%-40.92% and 7.45%-32.50% for Fuhong 992.T1 and T2 increased plant height,stem diameter and shoot dry mass.T2 increased skin thickness and root length,but T1 decreased root/shoot ratio and the ratio of phloem to xylem and pith.There was no significant difference of all indices between T1 and T3.For Fuhong 992 and Hongyou 2,both T1 (all N and K fertilizers as basal fertilizer) and T2 (60% N and K fertilizers as basal fertilizer,40% N and K fertilizers as topdressing) can increase the growth and dry hide yield of kenaf under middle fertilization level.

Abstract:Using continuous cropping as a contrast,changes of potato rhizosphere and bulk soil microflora under the different cultivation patterns were studied with plate count method.The results showed that the quantities of the bacteria and actinomyces under crop rotation and rotation interplanting were significantly more than that of the fixed interplanting with continuous cropping in the rhizosphere.The quantities of the bacteria and actinomyces in the fixed interplanting soil were more than that of the continuous cropping.There was no significant difference between crop rotation and rotation interplanting.The quantities of the fungi in continuous cropping soil were higher than that of the other processing.There was significant difference between crop rotation and rotation interplanting.The quantities of fungi in rotation interplanting soil were significantly more than that of crop rotation.The maximum number of bacteria and actinomyces in the crop rotation and rotation interplanting soil appeared on 25 d and 45 d of seedlings emergence.In fixed interplanting rhizosphere soil,the maximum number of bacteria appeared on 25 d of seedlings emergence and actinomyces appeared on 45 d of seedlings emergence.But in bulk soil,the maximum number of bacteria and actinomyces appeared on 25 d of seedlings emergence.In the continuous cropping rhizosphere soil,the quantities of bacteria and actinomyces focused on 25 d of seedlings emergence,but appeared on 45 d of seedlings emergence in the bulk soil.

Abstract:Field plot experiments were conducted to investigate the root morphology and architecture traits,shoot biomass and seed yield of Huashuang 5 (HS5,conventional variety) andHuayouza 10 (HZ10,hybrid variety) (Brassica napus L.) under three cultivation methods including direct seeding (DS),direct transplanting (DT) and assistant transplanting with hoe (AT) during the whole growth stage.The results showed that root traits such as root dry weight,primary root length,root diameter and root volume under DS were more (better) than that under AT,the latter were more (better) than that under DT at the same growth stage with the same density and sowing time.Significant difference was existed in shoot biomass and seed yield among the three cultivation methods in the order of DS＞AT＞DT at the same growth stage.Root traits,shoot biomass and seed yield of HZ10 were better (higher) than that of HS5 at the same growth stage.Shoot biomass and seed yield were significantly correlated with root traits in oilseed rape under all the three cultivation methods.Varieties with greater root dry weight,thicker primary root and more 1st order lateral roots can absorb more nutrient and water,and produce more biomass and seed yield.Root breeding would play more important roles in improving seed yield of oilseed rape.

Abstract:Based on the LTR sequences of dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) Ty1-copia retrotransposons,primers for IRAP were designed.The complete random orthogonal design L16(45) was used to optimize the IRAP-PCR system at four levels and five factors,namely,Mg2+,dNTP,Taq DNA polymerase,primers and DNA template.The results showed that the optimal system for IRAP amplification was 25 μL mixture containing 20 ng of template DNA,2.5 mmol/L MgCl2,0.10 mmol/L dNTPs,2.5 μL of 10×PCR Buffer,0.75 U of Taq DNA polymerase,0.25 μmol/L LTR primer.PAGE with 0.080 g/mL non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel could yield reproducible,clear and reliable bands,which facilitate the identification of dragon fruit germplasms,the elucidation of their genetic diversity as well as assessment of genetic variation.

Abstract:To reveal the seasonal dynamics of enzymes activities and the relationship with nutrients, the soil physical and chemical properties, enzymes activities for different seasons of the masson pine pure forests and Chinese fir mixed forests in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area were studied.The results showed that the minimum activitiy values of invertase, urease, polyphenol oxidase, catalase and cellulose were both found in winter, and the maximum were found in autumn except for polyphenol oxidase in summer.The same trend of seasonal variation of enzymes activities was found between invertase,urease and catalase, and it showed that the enzymes activities increased then decreased and then increased again from the summer to spring.Except polyphenol oxidase, the activities of other four enzymes had a significant positive correlation with soil organic matter, total nitrogen, soil water content, nitrate nitrogen.Significant positive correlations were found between the four enzyme activities.

Abstract:Based on plugin technology of .Net Framework,the C# and ArcEngine10.0 components were combined to design and develop the Green Subclass Management System of Swath Forest (GSMSSF) in Wuhan outer-ring expressway.The GSMSSF system fulfilled the subclass information storage temporally and spatially,provided the query,analysis and forecast function to all trees in plugin mode.Under this mode,all functions or modules in GSMSSF are treated as plugin coupling with the system framework,which is convenient to be expanded or upgraded.

Abstract:The male of Systolederus longipennis Zheng et Jiang was discovered in Qinzhou and Fangcheng of Guangxi and described for the first time. The specimens are deposited in College of Chemistry and Bioengineering,Hechi University,China（7♂5♀）.

Abstract:Diversity and species composition of microorganism assemblages on the leaves of 6 species of bamboo located in Sichuan Province were investigated based on the traditional forest pathology and modern molecular biology methods. The results show that fungi and bacteria are the large groups on the leaves. Although the bacterial quantity is larger than the amount of fungi, but the species of fungus are much more abundant than bacterial species. There are large differences among the six bamboo species about the microbial community structure. Ya′an area is obviously higher than that of Yibin and Luzhou area. All kinds of groups present seasonal differences which can been seen from the separating frequency.Cladosporium sp.,Saccharomyces sp.,Arthrinium sp.,Pleosporales sp.,Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. are the species existing persistently on the leaves. Finally, some biocontrol strains and beneficial microbes and even potential pathogenic microorganisms are obtained from bamboo leaves. In conclusion, this study provides the basis for the screening of bio-control strains, developing microorganism resource and preventing the diseases.

Abstract:This study determined the effects of Probenazol on the activities of the defensive enzymes in rice plants and control effect against rice blast. The enzyme activity of PAL, POD and PPO in rice was higher than that in the control, and the enzyme activity is greatly increased with the increase of drug concentration after the 8% Probenazol G dressing; the growth rate of the defense enzyme activities and the high activity duration for the treatment with high concentration Probenazol were significantly higher than those of the control after the inoculation of blast fungus. The control effect of 8% Probenazol with the concentration of 300 g/m2 (the seedling disc dose) against rice leaf blast was 69.98%, that of fungicides 75% Tricyclazole (26.7 g per 667 m2) on the rice blast was 76.73%. Furthermore, the control effect of 8% Probenazol G with different doses against rice blast field trials was conducted, the results show that the control effect of 300 g/m2 (the seedling disc dose) against rice leaf blast and panicle blast were 75.74% and 66.26% comparatively, those of fungicides 75% Tricyclazole (26.7 g per 667 m2) against rice leaf blast and panicle blast were 82.05% and 71.64% respectively.

Abstract:The effects of chlorpyrifos and exogenous salicylic acid on anti-oxidant defensive response of Brassica chinensis were investigated by indoor cultivation experiments. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in B.chinensis were suppressed significantly, whereas the activity of peroxidase (POD) was increased significantly within 4 days after being sprayed with chlorpyrifos. In addition, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), proline and glutathione (GSH) significantly increased in a short period (2-4 day) after the spraying. These results indicated that the usage of chlorpyrifos caused stress on B.chinensis seedlings. The inhibitions of chlorpyrifos on activities of SOD, CAT and GSH could be relieved by high concentrations of exogenous salicylic acid, whereas exogenous salicylic acid almost had no influence on the activity of POD and the contents of MDA and proline. These results suggested that exogenous salicylic acid only relieved stress on B.chinensis to some extent.

Abstract:The 16-year-old satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) planted on an acid yellow brown soil of Yiling district in Yichang city was used as experimental materials,effects of liming on improving soil acidification,plant nutrient absorption and fruit quality of satsuma mandarin were studied.The results showed that application of 1.5 kg/tree lime could increase soil pH in 0-20 cm,20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layer by 0.87 units,0.99 units,0.47 units,respectively.Liming could significantly increase soil available N,P,Ca,Mg contents by 30.82%,71.13%,64.06%,14.27% in 0-20 cm soil layer and improve the foliar N contents and pulp K contents.Soil available Fe,Mn,Zn contents decreased by53.61%,54.83%,51.06% in 0-20 cm soil layer,leading to the decline of foliar total Fe,Zn contents and peel,pulp Mn contents.Moreover,liming could reduce fruit acidity,improve fruit quality.Therefore,rational application of lime could increase soil pH,soil available N,P,Ca and Mg contents,alleviate Mn toxicity,and then improve citrus plant nutrition and increase fruit quality of satsuma mandarin in a viscous yellow brown soil with serious acidification.

Abstract:Twenty three soils and 8 vegetables around Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation were collected and the contents of heavy metals Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni in these samples were investigated. Results showed that Cd content in all soils was higher than the background index of Hubei Province soil (BIHBS), indicating that there was serious soil Cd pollution. The average contents of Pb, Cr, Ni for all soils were below the BIHBS. Cu and Zn for most soils were medium or severe pollution. There were correlations between Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni contents and soil organic matter, and soil physical clay contents. When organic matter and physical clay contents were controlled, the cation exchange capacity and Cu, Zn contents showed significant partial correlation. Through Q type cluster analysis, soils from four sites were divided into 4 types based on the pollution degrees. Cluster I had the lowest pollution, which was consisted mainly with some samples from site 1 and site 4; Cluster IV had the severest pollution, which was consisted mainly with soils from site 2.

Abstract:Grain size distribution of marine sediments is an important indicator used for various topics in sedimentology,environmental change and many other fields.However,current methods of grain size determination are either very labor intensive or lack of accuracy.Feasibility of using major element compositions as proxies of grain size distribution for tidal flat sediments was studied.One hundred and fifty-two tidal flat sediment samples from coastal areas of East China Sea were collected and analyzed for grain-size distribution and major element composition.The results showed that the contents of sand,silt,clay and the median of grain size were significantly correlated with major element concentrations of sediment samples.The contents of silt,clay and the median of grain size are positively correlated with the contents of Al,Fe,Mg and K while the content of sand is negatively correlated with the content of Si.The regress equations were obtained to predict grain size parameters using major element compositions.It is proved that using major element compositions as proxies of grain size distribution for tidal flat sediments is feasible.

Abstract:The kidney cells of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) were exposed to 28 ℃,32 ℃,36 ℃ and 40 ℃ for 2 h or 12 h,respectively.The 28 ℃ group was taken as control.LDH leakage rates of CIK cells were determined by the trace detection of LDH kit.The cell cycles were measured by flow cytometry.The polyubiquitinylated protein was measured by dot blot,and the expressions of caspase-3 and bcl-2 genes of cells were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.The results showed that the LDH leakage rate,the content of polyubiquitinylated proteins,and the caspase-3 expression increased significantly with the increase of incubation temperature.While the expression of bcl-2 and the cells at G0/G1 phase decreased significantly with the increasing incubation temperature.Acute thermal stress could induce the damage of cell membrane,protein,and even promote cell apoptosis.

Abstract:Development of mucous cells in different parts of the digestive tract of larval and juvenile (1-45 dph) loach was observed and analyzed by histological sections and AB-PAS histochemical staining techniques.The results showed that:there were four types of mucous cells (typeⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ) during the development of digestive tract of loach.Mucous cells in digestive tract were first detected in buccopharygeal cavity and esophagus on 3 dph and appeared in every part of the digestive tract on 7 dph.Mucous cells were few before 10 dph and were widespread in digestive tract after 15 dph.As larvae grew,mucous cells changed from infantile types (typeⅠand typeⅡ) to mature types (typeⅢ and typeⅣ).According to the development and distribution of mucous cells in the digestive tract of fish,3 to 10 dph were critical periods of development of digestive tract in loach.Functions of digestive tract developed well on about 20 dph.In order to improve the survival rate of loach larvae and juvenile,appropriate managing measures based on the developmental process of the digestive tract was necessary.

Abstract:To study the function of the estrogen receptor α (ERα) gene,the recombinant pMAL- ERα was constructed and expressed in TB1 E.coli.Partial cDNA encoding ERα was amplified from total RNA of swamp eel (Monopterus albus) ovary by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The analysis of the sequence data indicated that the cDNA fragment was 945 bp in length,encoding 315 amino acid residues.The amplified cDNA fragment was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector,pMAL-c2x and the recombinant plasmid was then transformed into E.coli TB1.ERα-MBP fusion protein was obtained after the IPTG addition into the growth media.SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the ERα-MBP was expressed after induction by IPTG for 4 h.A protein band of 78.1 ku appeared on SDS-PAGE gel and was identified by Western blot.The production of the recombinant protein was about 42.3% of total bacteria protein.After purification and cleavage of the fusion protein,purified ERα protein was obtained.Then the purified protein was used to immunize ICR mice to produce anti- ERα antibody.This purified protein could significantly elicit specific antibody response in immunized mice compared with the control groups,and the titers against ERα reached the peak (1.158±0.232) at the 7th week.The immunohistochemical analysis showed that the polyclonal antibody can induce specific reaction with ERα receptor in ovary and produced brown precipitation on the ovary cell membrane.

Abstract:The present study aimed to investigate the effect of initial stocking density on the weaning and growth of juvenile yellowcheek carp (Elopichthys bambusa R.).Five groups were assigned in triplicate in the net cages (1.0 m×1.0 m×1.0 m) with different initial stocking densities of 100 ind/m3 (D1),300 ind/m3 (D2),500 ind/m3 (D3),700 ind/m3 (D4) and 900 ind/m3 (D5).The experiment was carried out for 28 days.The results showed that MR,CV decreased and then increased with the increasing of initial stocking density.CV in D1,D2,D5 was significantly higher than that in D3,D4.CR increased with the increasing of initial rearing density.WSR with the increasing of initial rearing density firstly increased and then decreased.Relationship between WSR and stocking density based on quadratic regression analysis was:Y=-1.101X2+13.590X+44.093，correlation coefficient R2=0.931,the optimum initial stocking density was 617 ind/m3.SGR decreased with the increasing initial stocking density.It was concluded that the optimal initial stocking density of net cage for the weaning of juvenile yellowcheek carp was 500-700 ind/m3 based on WSR,weaning efficiency and manipulation strength.

Abstract:The aim of this study was to isolate the pathogens of ulceration on the body surface in Plectropomus leopardus.Two strains were isolated from the skin,blood,kidney and spleen of mortal P.leopardus.One strain coded 1031 could cause the mortality of healthy P.leopardus independently in artificially infected experiment and were proved to be pathogen to ulceration of P.leopardus.Based on the results of morphological observation,physiological and biochemical characteristic analysis,strain 1031 was identified as Vibrio.16S rDNA gene sequence further proved that strain 1031 belonged to V.harveyi.Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA gene and hsp60 gene indicated that strain 1031 showed the highest level of similarity to V.harveyi with bootstraps of 97%.The expected 382 bp-nucleic acid fragment of V.harveyi toxR gene was amplified using stain 1031 as a template.These results indicated that the pathogen of ulceration on the body surface in P.leopardus was V.harveyi.The antibiotic sensitivity analysis showed that strain 1031 was susceptible to florfenicol,gentamicinum (120 μg) and rocephin,but high resistant to norfloxacin,enrofloxacin,azithromycin,doxycycline,etc.

Abstract:The effects of pinocembrin on the mycelia respiration of citrus blue mold(Penicillium italicum) were studied by clark oxygen electrode.The results showed that pinocembrin treatment significantly inhibited the mycelia respiration of P.italicum in a concentration-dependent manner.The inhibitory effect of mycelial respiration increased with the prolonging of pinocembrin treatment.When the treatment time was extended to 2 h,the inhibition rate was changed from 53.37 % to 84.35%.The inhibitory effect of pinocembrin on the respiration was most significant for young mycelia (cultured 12 h),and the inhibitory rate was up to 78.97%.With the increment of cell age,the inhibitory effect of pinocembrin on mycelia respiration declined.The respiration inhibitory rate of mycelia cultured for 60 h was only 29.25%.Results showed that pinocembrin treatment had an obvious inhibition on the mitochondria respiration of P.italicum at low concentration.Comparing synergistic inhibition of the typical respiratory inhibitors (antimycin A,rotenone,salicyl hydroxamic acid and sodium azide) and pinocembrin on the respiration of P.italicum,the results showed that pinocembrin and rotenone had the same pathway on the mycelia respiration of P.italicum.Therefore,pinocembrin had a significant inhibitory effect on P.Italicum by affecting respiration metabolism．

Abstract:To improve rubber roller′s performance in rail transportation, a power drive mechanism for rubber roller was designed by using linkages and differential bevel gears for the purpose of adjusting vertical pressure automatically to reasonable value according to the driving force and achieving torque equalization and differential speed. In the experiment, Abaqus was applied to conduct dynamic simulation of rubber roller in the rolling process, which was to study effect of the mechanism on rubber roller.In the simulation,Mooney-Rivlin model and nonlinear contact algorithm,both from Abaqus, were applied in numerical calculation. The relation between vertical pressure and power in rolling process and the relation between speed and efficiency were obtained from simulation. By contrast, it was found that the effect of the vertical pressure on power was basically in accordance with the experiment results. The experiment indicated that the efficiency of rubber roller was 0.7. The results showed that the mechanism can make good use of driving force of two rubber rollers, automatically adapt to curve and save energy in the state of low load, and thus it improves robber roller′s performance in orchard transportation.

Abstract:Computer technology is increasingly used in the path planning and the optimization of agricultural machinery′s field operation. In this paper, the optimal path sequence strategies to minimize the total operating length and time of the vehicle′s headland turning are introduced, taking into consideration of the direction of the parallel paths in fields of rectangle boundary,a variety of possible strategies of headland turning,the agronomic requirements of different operating modes and the turning characteristics of machineries.First two kinds of new turning strategies were put forward after the analysis of the generation principle of the existing turning strategies. Then the scheduling problem was formulated into the traveling salesman problem (TSP), and the greedy search algorithm was utilized to address it. Simulation experimental results showed that the algorithm is efficient and robust, and the turning efficiency is significantly improved compared to the commonly-used scheduling and sorting strategies.

Abstract:An ultrasonic atomization system was designed by using the ultrasonic atomization principle to study atomized ethanol and it was tested through the inlet in a small swirl chamber diesel engine to find the effect of ultrasonic atomization ethanol in substituting for diesel fuel in diesel engine. During the test, the ethanol supply was calibrated to be 20% of the oil, the amount of diesel fuel supply was changed for load adjustment, and the fuel consumption and emissions performance of the engine were tested under different load with standard rotation speed. The results show that the diesel engine fueled with ethanol/diesel dual-fuel shows stable performance in the work. NOX, CO and soot emissions are lower than the original engine supplied with diesel fuel alone, especially at full capacity with a reduction up to 60% of soot. The energy consumption rate is roughly equal to the original engine, while HC emissions are higher than those of the original engine. 

Abstract:In order to find out the real velocity of the small multifunctional chassis so as to improve the work efficiency and quality, a set of measurement system was designed. The system uses STC89C51 microcontroller and peripheral hardware circuit as hardware platform and employs the serial communication technology and C language software programming techniques. The velocity measured was displayed on the LED digital tube. The system has strong anti-interference capacity and ultra low power consumption. The experimental results show that this system is precise in speed measuring, and the average accuracy is 98.2%, which can meet the requirements on the design speed of the system.