Abstract:Selenium (Se),belonging to group Ⅵ of the periodic table,is an essential trace element for cell activity as it is required for its incorporation into selenocysteine,selenomethionine and its function in selenoenzymes.Se plays a key role on human immune function,antioxidant defense systems and anticancer.In contrast,insufficient supply of Se is associated with more than 40 diseases.Se exists as four metastable oxidation states in the environment:(-Ⅱ),(0),(+Ⅳ),and (+Ⅵ).Microorganisms take part in all transformation process of those different oxidation states.This review highlights recent advances and summarizes microbial selenium metabolisms in the following aspects: (1)the important function and mechanism of selenium in life; (2)chemistry characteristics and biogeochemical cycle of selenium; (3)diverse population of microorganisms related to oxidation,reduction and methylation of selenium; (4)microbial molecular mechanisms of selenium; and (5)providing a prelude to research spot and application in the future according to our results.In this article,we conclude that microbial metabolisms of selenium plays a fundamental role on biogeochemical cycle,biodiversity,selenium uptake of plant,human health and bioremediation.

Abstract:At present,the environmental pollution of heavy metals and toxic organic pollutants has been widely concerned in the community.Some researches indicated that manganese-oxidizing bacteria widely existed in the environment can remediate Mn (Ⅱ) pollution and produce biogenic manganese oxides.The biogenic manganese oxides have weaker crystalline,smaller particle size,higher Mn valence,more cavity structure in octahedral,larger specific surface area,stronger adsorption,oxidation and photochemical reductive dissolution characteristics than that of the chemical Mn oxides.The biogenic manganese oxides can absorb Cu(Ⅱ),Zn(Ⅱ),Pb(Ⅱ),Co(Ⅲ),Cd(Ⅱ),Hg(Ⅱ),oxidize Co(Ⅱ),As(Ⅲ),Cr(Ⅲ),U(IV),Ce(Ⅲ),degrade ethynylestradiol and other organic pollutants.The biogenic manganese oxides are environmental materials with wide application prospect.

Abstract:Antimony (Sb) is a highly toxic heavy metal which widespreadly exists in nature.With the increasing development of industry,the soil,water and agricultural products are severely polluted by antimony in some regions of our country.As an environmental pollutant,antimony poisoning can lead to heart failure,human diseases such as liver necrosis.Some organisms in nature,especially the microorganisms can grow in the high concentration of antimony,and can even use the element as an energy material,so the microorganisms play an important role in the cycle of earth’s materials.Study on metabolic mechanism of antimony has important practical significance to protect environment and human health.This study reviewed the researches of Sb distribution in the environment,the pollution status,microbial metabolism of antimony and bioremediation.At the same time it suggests that future researches should strengthen the following three aspects:(1) isolating more antimony resistance or antimony oxidizing microorganisms; (2) identifying more antimony resistant or oxidizing genes; (3) exploring microbial techniques to remediate Sb contaminated soil and water.

Abstract:The volatile dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is the most important biogenic sulfurous compound transferred from the oceans to the atmosphere.Its oxidation products in the atmosphere can affect environment and global climate,thus it becomes the highlight of research on weather variations.Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP),the main precursor of DMS,is widely distributed in the ocean and produced in large amounts by ubiquitous marine phytoplankton and a few terrestrial angiosperms.A variety of DMS-producing microbes were reviewed.Six currently-reported functional genes involved in DMS production including dddD,dddL,dddP,dddQ,dddY and dddW were summarized.Functions and biochemical characteristics of its encoding proteins were described in details.The updated progress on the studies of ecological distributions of DMS-producing bacteria and functional genes in the mangrove ecosystem China was briefly introduced.

Abstract:Strain M14 was isolated from manganese polluted soil and identified as Lysinibacillus sp.This strain was able to oxidize Mn(Ⅱ) to biogenic Mn oxide pellets (majored in the form of Mn (Ⅳ)).The adsorption and desorption analysis of gold ion Au(Ⅲ) were conducted using the biogenic Mn oxides.Results showed that the biogenic Mn oxides could successfully remove and recover the precious gold ion.This strain has been stored in China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC NO：M2012084).The results of current study will be valuable for the recycling of gold and bioremediation of gold-polluted wastes.

Abstract:Using super hybrid rice Peizataifeng and super inbred rice Yuxiangyouzhan as materials,field experiment was carried out to access the effects of deeply mechanized fertilizer application on rice quality,fertilizer use efficiency,nutrient accumulation.Results showed that effects of mechanical deep application of slow-release fertilizer on rice quality and rice N,P and K total accumulation were different due to the dosage of fertilizer and the difference of variety.To some extent,mechanical deep application of slow-release fertilizer can improve milled rice rate,head milled rice rate,amylose content and protein content,reduce chalky rice rate when the increase of fertilizer rate ranged from 0 kg/hm2 to 1 500 kg/hm2.Total N,P and K accumulation and fertilizer (N,P and K) absorption of 100 kg grain showed positive correlation with rice,processing quality,amylase content and protein content,but negatively correlated with chalky rice rate and contrary to N,P and K used efficiency for grain and biomass.Deeply mechanized fertilizer application at rate of 1 200 kg/hm 2（F1）was well in obtaining high rice quality and enhancing nutrient absorption and utilization.

Abstract:The effects of PEG6000 on the growth and the contents of vindoline(VIN)，catharanthine(CAT) and vinblastine(VBL) of Catharanthus roseus seedling were investigated using soil cultivation in the greenhouse．The results showed that the developing trend of the relative water content（RWC）was declining and rising.The developing trend of proline (Pro) content was increasing slowly and increasing quickly with the development of time under the same concentration PEG6000 stress.Combining and optimizing various conditions,35%（V/V） PEG6000 stress on leaves of C.roseus was established.Contrasting with the control,the peroxidase activities increased gradually first and then decreased.Vindoline content decreased gradually then increased while catharanthine content increased gradually then decreased.Vinblastine content increased and reached the highest 0.168 0±0.003 6 mg/g(FW) on the 24th hour.The results showed that peroxidase activities could regulate the transform from monomeric indole alkaloids to bis-indole alkaloids under the osmosis stress.

Abstract:Effects of film mulching (FM) on the total soluble solution (TSS),titratable acid (TA),the contents of 6 mineral elements (K,P,Mg,Ca,Fe and Mn) in Ponkan (Citrus reticulata) fruit was investigated using 12-year-old Ponkan as material.Results showed that FM improved fruit quality by increasing TSS and decreasing TA.Under the FM treatment of leaf,contents of K and Mn decreased significantly while contents of P,Ca and Mg obviously increased.In the juice sacs,FM decreased the contents of K and Ca significantly but increased significantly the contents of Fe and Mn at 20 days after FM.At 40 days after FM,contents of P,Mg,Ca,Fe and Mn were obviously higher than those in the control except for K lower obviously than that in the control.Results indicated that the influence of mineral accumulation in juice sacs by FM might contribute to the improvement of fruit quality via the increase of TSS and the decrease of TA.

Abstract:The resistance to Chilo suppressalis (Walker) larvae and impact on arthropod community of a transgenic Bt gene rice was evaluated under both laboratory and field conditions. The results showed that the mortality of transgenic Bt gene rice against C.suppressalis larvae was more than 90% and significantly higher than the control rice. Both the occurrence and damage of C.suppressalis larvae in transgenic Bt gene rice plots were lower than those of the control rice plots. Compared with the control rice plots, there were no significant differences in community indices such as species richness, dominance index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and evenness index in transgenic Bt gene rice plots. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the five guilds dominance in the transgenic Bt gene rice plots and the control rice plots. It was apparent that the transgenic Bt gene rice had high resistance to its target pests and no significant adverse impact on the arthropod community structure and guild dominance under the field conditions.

Abstract:The cereal cyst nematode （Heterodera avenae Wollenweber） is the most threatening nematode on wheat and cereal crops in China. The occurrence and distribution of Heterodera spp. were investigated by random sampling method from 19 town or counties of Shandong Province. The species was identified as Heterodera avenae with the morphological and rDNA-ITS analysis. The cereal cyst nematode was detected from 70.9 percent samples collected from Linyi City,Laiwu City,Zibo City,Weifang City,Dongying City,Weihai City and Yantai City. The highest cyst and egg number appeared in Dongying City and Weifang City,the lowest cyst and egg number appeared in Yantai City.

Abstract:To define the difference of the resistance level of asparagus stem blight fungus Phomopsis asparagi (Sacc.) Bubak from different provinces on systemic and protective fungicides,the resistance levels of 24 isolates from 6 provinces on carbendazim and mancozeb were determined by using the mycelial growth rate method. The isolates from Shandong Province expressed the most resistance on carbendazim with an average EC50 value of 1.10 mg/L, followed by the isolates from Jiangxi Province and Fujian Province, with an average EC50 values of 0.58 mg/L and 0.33 mg/L respectively. The isolates from Fujian Province expressed the most resistance on mancozeb with an average EC50 value of 34.53 mg/L,followed by the isolates from Hebei Province and Shandong Province, with average EC50 values of 15.88 mg/L and 14.19 mg/L respectively. Compared to mancozeb,it's easier for carbendazim to produce resistance,with 7 resistant isolates,3.66 as the resistant level and 29.17% as the resistant frequency,while 4 resistant isolates,with 1.90 as the resistant level and 16.67% as the resistant frequency, were included in mancozeb. Of 24 isolates,SD4 revealed resistance on both of carbendazim and mancozeb,with the resistance levels of 10.44 and 3.01 respectively,which expressed multiresistance.

Abstract:To investigate the moisture characteristics of soil cultivated indoors by bio-organic fertilizer,effects of different fertilizer were analyzed under varied bulk density conditions.Parameters of moisture,moisture constants,and moisture availability of soil were evaluated by using VG model.The results showed that the VG model can well fit with the moisture characteristic curve of soil.Under the same bulk density with different processing conditions,applying EM organic fertilizer influenced soil moisture mostly,following by applying a soil modifier,the least is the case without any agent.As the increase of diluted concentrations of EM dope,soil moisture increased.Under different bulk density with the same processing conditions,soil moisture-keeping nature and the availability of soil moisture reduced gradually as the increase of bulk density.

Abstract:A pot experiment was carried out to study the effect of spraying exogenous substances YCL2 and Z5 after topping on the nicotine content,enzymatic activity of arginine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase regulating the metabolism of nicotine,and total nitrogen,total sugar,chlorine,potassium.The results showed that spraying YCL2 and Z5 could significantly reduce the nicotine content with few influence on the other chemical qualities.With application of exogenous substance reducing the activity of arginine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase,YCL2 decreased nicotine content by 20.47% in upper leaves,and Z5 decreased 34.36% and 32.38% in upper and middle leaves,respectively.It indicated that the effect of spraying YCL2 and Z5 on reducing nicotine content may be significantly related with its roles in decreasing the activity of arginine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase.It would be one potential pathway to control nocotine content in burley tobacco production.

Abstract:Effects of salinity changes on variation of cell shape and single cell glycerol content of Dunaliella salina were investigated and effects of salinity changes on the gene expressions of a (NAD+)-dependent G3pdh (EC1.1.1.8) among G3pdh isozymes in D.salina were detected by real-time quantitative PCR.Results showed that the changes of shape and volume of D.salina cell cultured chronically at various salinities were minor.When the salinity changed rapidly,the variations of cell shape and cell volume of D.salina were significant,which were recovered basically after 2 h except treated by high salinity.It was found that some lipid globules in the surface of D.salina cells when the salinity increased from 2.0 to 4.0-5.0 mol/L NaCl rapidly.When D.salina was cultured chronically at various salinities,the accumulation of single cell glycerol increased with increased salinity, and D.salina also could rapidly decrease or increase single cell glycerol contents to adapt to hypoosmotic or hyperosmotic shock.The expression level of G3pdh in D.salina grown at various salinities was significantly inversely correlated with the salinity.There was no significant correlation between the expression level of G3pdh and salinity after two hours of treatment by hyperosmotic or hypoosmotic shock.

Abstract:A 2-month feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different plant protein sources on growth performance in rice field eel，Monopterus albus.Soybean meal,rapeseed meal,cottonseed meal and white fish meal,fermented soybean meal were used as the main protein source.Three diets with 46% total protein from different plant resources were formulated to fed the fish with an average weight of 12.56±1.17 g.The results showed that eel had the best performance in weight gain,specific growth rate,protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion ratio in the cottonseed meal group (CMP).In the soybean meal group(SMP),the crude protein content of eel muscle was significantly higher than the CMP group and rapeseed meal group(RMP).In the RMP group,the crude fat content of eel muscle was significantly higher than the other two groups.There were no significant differences of viscerasomatic index,hepatosomatic index,condition factor among different treatments.

Abstract:Body composition,growth,faecal production,nitrogenous excretion and nitrogen budget of juvenile mandarin fish ［Siniperca chuatsi (Basilewsky)］ (initial body weight 2.52-3.79 g,average 3.11 g) at different ration levels (starvation,1%,2%,3%,4% of initial body weight per day,and satiation) were investigated in this study.The relationships between growth,nitrogenous excretion,faecal production and ration were studied and the regression equations were established.Water temperature was controlled between 26.5℃ and 28.0℃,and the average level was 27.3℃.The results showed that with the ration level increasing,the contents of dry matter,protein and lipid increased,but ash content decreased.With the increasing of ration level,feed conversion efficiency (FCE,%) tended to increase,feed absorption efficiency (FAE,%) tended to increase within a narrow range and specific growth rate increased with a linear pattern.Excretion nitrogen [UN,mg/(g·d)] and faecal nitrogen [FN,mg/(g·d)] increased markedly with increased ration level (LR,% per day),with the regression equations of UN=0.449 6LR+0.097 9 and FN=0.078 1LR+0.019 2,respectively.With the ration level increasing,allocation of nitrogen to growth increased,proportions of excretion nitrogen and faecal nitrogen decreased,and the nitrogen budget of juvenile mandarin fish at satiation was:100CN=45.20GN+7.46FN+47.34UN.

Abstract:ETS activity and oxyen consumption rate (R) of the Japanese eel,Anguilla japonica,were determined at different temperature (22，27 and 32 ℃) and ration levels (starvation,1%,2% and satiation).On satiation,the ETS activity and R increased with the increasing of temperature,but the R/AETS ratio was not significantly affected by temperature,with the value maintained at about 0.38.While at 27 ℃,the ETS activity,R and the R/AETS ratio increased with the increasing of ration level.The regression relation between ration level and R/ETS was:R/AETS=0.046 3 LR+0.249 5(r 2=0.823 2).

Abstract:Effects of 9 morphometric traits on body weight of three aquaculture populations of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) were analyzed by using correlation analysis,multiple regression and path analysis.Data of body weight,total length,standard length,body depth,head length,eye diameter,trail length,caudal peduncle length,caudal peduncle depth were collected in this study.Results of correlation analysis showed that there were significantly correlations between most morphometric traits and body weight (P<0.01).According to the regression coefficient test,there was significant difference among different populations and multiple regression equation were set up to estimate body weight.Path analysis indicated that total length and body depth bared strong direct effect on body weight,and the path coefficients (Pi) and determination coefficient (di) decreased with the month age increasing.The comprehensive coefficient of determination of total length and body depth maintained stable,which indicated that body weight was mainly affected by total length and body depth at early age.This paper provides theoretical evidence and perfect measure target for breeding of Siniperca chuatsi in aquaculture.

Abstract:To establish a molecular genetic marker for identifying different populations of Pelodoiscus sinensis,pomc gene was amplified by PCR and identified by RFLP using four restriction endonucleases including AccⅡ,BscBⅠ,AsuⅠ and TscⅠ.At the same time homology were compared and phylogenetic trees were constructed.The results showed that a 786 bp fragment was amplified from four P.sinensis populations.The relationship between Taiwan-introduced and Pelodiscus axenaria populations was closer and the relationship between Taihu Lake and Huanghe River population was closer.For AccⅡ digestion,the P.axenaria population carried two bands of 303 bp and 483 bp,while the other three populations carried only one band of 786 bp; for BscBⅠ digestion,Taiwan-introduced and P.axenaria population carried two bands of 351 bp and 435 bp,while the other two populations carried only one band of 786 bp; for AsuⅠ digestion,Taiwan-introduced and Huanghe River population carried two bands of 349 bp and 437 bp,while the other two populations carried only one band of 786 bp; for TscⅠ digestion,Taihu Lake and Huanghe River populations carried two bands of 349 bp and 437 bp,while the other two populations carried only one band of 786 bp.Combined application of the four restriction endonuclease could clearly identify the different population of P.sinensis at the molecular level.All results suggested that the pomc gene could be used as a molecular genetic marker for identifying different population of P.sinensis.

Abstract:Macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α or CCL20),a member of the chemokine family,plays an important role in the immune response.In this study,the Mauremys mutica CCL20 (Ma CCL20) cDNA sequence was initially obtained by screening the constructed full-length cDNA library and were verified by gene cloning method.Then the structure and function of the MaCCL20 gene were predicted by using software and the gene expression in different tissues was analyzed by using real-time quantitative PCR.The results showed that the full-length cDNA of MaCCL20 gene is 2 318 bp,containing a 261 bp open reading frame and encoding 86 amino acids.The MaCCL20 protein is hydrophobic and has no trans-membrane structure.Homology analysis indicated that the MaCCL20 shared high similarity with Anolis carolinensis,followed by Gallus gallus and shared the lowest similarity with mammalian.Real-time PCR results showed that the MaCCL20 gene was highly expressed in the spleen and was also expressed in other tissues including liver,kidney and heart.The study laid a foundation for further research of the function of MaCCL20.

Abstract:In this research,a kind of sensor nodes which uses CC2430 chip as the core was designed and used to monitor the environment of a greenhouse，and it consists of sensors of temperature,humidity,illuminance and the like. Additionally,every sensor node keeps some accesses open to other sensors. Every node works effectively in the communicational form of frequency division multiple access (FDMA) to transmit information,which consists of a relative small wireless sensor network (WSN). The nodes which are in a greenhouse canopy and collect data transmit information through their own channels to gate node which is out of the greenhouse canopy and eventually transmits the collected information making use of serial port to personal computer that reserves them via a software. In the process of practical production,it indicates that under the communicational system of FDMA，the wireless sensor nodes were stable，highly efficient and much lowlier in energy consumption to monitor the greenhouse canopy.

Abstract:Bacterial canker is a devastating disease of kiwifruit. In recent years,the disease is showing a tendency to outbreak in such countries as Italy and New Zealand,where kiwifruit is a major crop,and has the trends to further spread worldwide,which will be a serious threat to the development of the kiwifruit industry. Based on the latest research reports, this paper summarized the symptoms,pathogen identification,rapid detection methods,virulence differences,infected mechanism,epidemiology and control technology of the disease. Meanwhile,the future research prospect of kiwifruit bacterial canker was also discussed in order to reduce the loss and risk of the kiwifruit industry.

Abstract:Conservation tillage technology represents the tendency of the world agricultural development at present. Drawing lessons from the experiences of successful implementation and application at home and abroad has important realistic meaning for promoting sustainable development of agriculture in double cropping areas of Southern China. In order to improve the application of conservation tillage in areas,the research status of conservation tillage was analyzed, the application situation of conservation tillage in double cropping areas was summarized,and the existing problems and future development trend were discussed.