Abstract:A population with 237 F2∶3 families from the crossing of Zong 3×HB 522 was phenotypically evaluated at two locations to assay the genetic characteristics of six grain yield-related traits of maize (Zea mays L.).Results showed that the kernel row number and the ear diameter had higher broad-sense heritability (H2b),followed by kernels per row,kernel weight per ear,ear weight and ear length.The descending order of mid-parent heterosis of six traits and the over-parent heterosis in F1 generation was the kernel weight per ear,ear weight,kernels per row,ear length,row number and ear diameter.Obvious depression of inbreeding were observed in F2∶3 families.The coefficient of variation (CV) of kernel weight per ear was the highest,CV of the other five traits was as follows:ear weight,kernels per row,ear length,row number and kernel weight per ear.The kernel weight per ear was significantly correlated with the ear length,ear diameter,row number,kernels per row.Kernels per row were more effective in promoting kernel weight per ear.Results provided a method for estimating phenotypic values of target genes by using the correlation among six grain yield related traits of maize,thus helped to conduct fine mapping of related genes and gene cloning in maize.

Abstract:To explore the effect of spraying ABA treatment on the cold resistance of sugarcane,the changes of cell membrane permeability and the levels of endogenous hormones in leaves of sugarcane seedling were studied under cold stress and ABA treatment using two sugarcane cultivars GT28 with strong cold resistance and YL6 with weak cold resistance.The plants were sprayed with ABA before 12 h of cold treatment and leaf samples were taken at different time of cold treatment.The result showed that the cell membrane was injured.GA3 decreased while the relative electrical conductance,the contents of MDA,ABA and the ratios of ABA/GA3,ABA/IAA and ABA/ZR were increased under the cold stress.After spraying ABA,the injury of cell membrane was effectively alleviated,the contents of MDA and GA3were decreased but the contents of proline and ABA and the ratio of ABA/GA3 were increased,reflecting the improvement of cold resistance of sugarcane seedlings.It is concluded that the important physiological bases could be characterized with lower contents of MDA and GA3,higher contents of proline and ABA,and higher ratio of ABA/GA3 in leaves of sugarcane seedling.

Abstract:The Streptomyces lividans genome carries two gene clusters encoding the biosynthetic pathways of actinorhodin and undecylprodigiosin.However neither antibiotic is produced in S.lividans under the conditions of common laboratory growth.Malonyl-CoA as precursor was needed in the biosynthesis of both compounds catalyzed by the committed enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC).This study was aimed to clone the acc genes from Escherichia coli and introduce them into S.lividans to investigate their effect on the production of actinorhodin and undecylprodigiosin.The E.coli ACC subunits are encoded by 4 acc genes.These acc genes were cloned with adding ermE promoter to each through overlapping extension PCR to gain 4 recombined genes.The recombinant genes were then cloned into pSET152 successively to gain a heterologous expression plasmid.The constructed plasmid was transferred into S.lividans by conjugation,and the antibiotic production in exconjugants was examined.The exconjugants could not only produce actinorhodin but also showed a prominent increase in the production of undecylprodigiosin.acc from E.coli can improve the production of pre-existing antibiotics and activate the expression of silent gene clusters as well in S.lividans.

Abstract:Using cultivar ‘Hongdeng’ in vitro shoots as material,the in vitro regeneration system from micro shoot-tip of sweet cherry were established via optimizing the corresponding factors.The result showed that Murashige and Skoog macro-elements (MS) supplemented with the combination of 0.3 mg/L TDZ and 0.1 mg/L IBA had the best regeneration effect from the micro shoot-tips with the size of 1.0-1.5 mm,and the survival rate of the shoot-tips could reach to 78.3% after 30 days culture.Fifty days after the subculture under the same media,the multiplication efficiency was as high as 3.9,and the shoot height might get to 8.9 mm.The newly established system may facilitate the culture of virus-free plant in sweet cherry.

Abstract:To improve landscape characteristics in genus Callicarpa plants,the pollination,fruit development and progeny characteristics were investigated using C.dichotoma and C.bodinieri as parents.Results showed that no parthenogensis existed and no fruits obtained from the inbreeding of two tested species.The fruit setting ratio of C.dichotoma and C.bodinieri in natural crossing was up to 93.08% and 98.08%,respectively.In artificial crossing,the fruit setting ratio of 95.24% could be obtained but it decreased to 26.21%-37.07% during fruit development for external injury.The availability of successful crossing was confirmed from the leaves morphology of offspring varying between the parents.The coefficient variation in plant height,crown,and quantity of primary branches of offspring plants of C.dichotoma×C.bodinieri was up to 118.96%，125.06% and 130.62%,respectively,much higher than that of the counter-junctions combination.Excellent offsprings could be obtained easily using C.dichotoma as female parent and C.bodinieri as male parent.

Abstract:Based on literature and previous studies, risks of alien invasive ornamental plants in China were assessed for the first time, taking into consideration of their composition, growth characteristics, detection or introduction time and place, and geographical origin. The results show that there are 84 invasive plants belonging to 30 families in China. Most of them were part of Asteraceae, Onagraceae, Leguminosae, Solanaceae and Convolvulaceae. Perennial and annual herbs account for the majority. Most of these ornamental plants could reproduce by seeds and a part of the plants have asexual reproduction ability. They were mainly detected in or introduced to China from 1890 to 1969 in coastal provinces and Yunan Province of China. America was the primary geographical origin of these alien invasive plants. The number of the strongest invasive plants, the stronger invasive plants and the weaker invasive plants are respectively 8, 56 and 20. The majority of the alien invasive ornamental plants are moderately dangerous.

Abstract:Apoptosis in leaves and protoplasts from homokaryon maize Mo17-C and Mo17-N treated by Helminthosporium maydis race C （HMC） toxin were detected by DNA ladder and hoechest 33258 respectively. The DNA ladder result indicates that DNA ladder appeared in both Mo17-C and Mo17-N, and the obvious DNA ladder in Mo17-C appeared after 12 h induction when the concentration of HMC reached 250 μg/mL, but appeared in Mo17-N when the concentration reached 300 μg/mL. Protoplasts of both Mo17-C and Mo17-N revealed apoptotic features such as apoptotic bodies, ring chromatin or chromatin margination. The apoptosis rate of Mo17-C maize protoplasts were significantly higher than that of Mo17-N in the same treatment, and it increased with the increase of treatment time and concentration. So, it is concluded that Mo17-C was more sensitive than Mo17-N.

Abstract:The toxicity bioassay of Verticillium lecanii （Zimm） KMZW-1 to Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley under five different concentrations ranged 3.0×104， 3.0×105， 3.0×106， 3.0×107， 3.0×108 spores/mL was studied in laboratory by topical application, when the 1st, 2nd and 3rd larvae and the female adults were vaccinated respectively. The results indicated that the virulence of V.lecanii KMZW-1 to P.solenopsis was high. The accumulative mortality gradually increased with the increase of the concentration, and is highest at the concentration of 3.0×108 spores/mL. The accumulative mortality of vaccinated female adults was higher than the vaccinated larvae. The highest median lethal concentration of 1st, 2nd and 3rd and adult in 9th day were 1.486 8×105, 3.661 7×103, 9.817 6×104, 2.796 0×104 spores/mL respectively, and the median lethal time were 5.21, 5.55, 5.44, 4.87 d respectively.

Abstract:The joint action of the mixtures of chlorpyrifos, emamectin benzoate, chlorantraniliprole and abamectin were studied on Chilo suppressalis Warker. The results showed that when the ratio of chlorpyrifos to emamectin benzoate was 1∶1, chlorpyrifos to chlorantraniliprole was 10∶1, abamectin to chlorantraniliprole was 1∶1 and abamectin to chlorpyrifos was 1∶1, the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) of the mixtures were the maximum. The CTC were 376.77, 254.84, 247.10 and 682.34 respectively. The field trials showed that these mixtures could control C.suppressalis effectively, the control effect were all above 76.4%, and the mixtures were safety to the rice. 

Abstract:The spatial distribution of Valley County land use degree in 2009 was studied and the spatial autocorrelation of land use degree and its driving factors in different scales were analyzed.A spatial autoregressive model and geographically weighted regression model was established from the perspective of global local.The results showed that there was a certain spatial autocorrelation in land use degree and its driving factors with scale effect.Spatial regression model could estimate the overall parameter of various factors while geographically weighted regression model could give the local parameter of various factors.Scales of geographical weighted regression model could reflect the detailed geographical information to some extent.

Abstract:Based on the LANDSAT-TM images in 1987,1996 and 2008 years and the present land use maps (1∶10 000) of Qianlianghu polder in Dongting Lake region and by applying to GIS technologies and FRAGSTATS analyzing software,landscape pattern dynamic changes of Qianlianghu polder were analyzed on the patch type and landscape scales,and its driving forces were further analyzed through establishing the transfer matrixes and calculating transfer contribution rates in last more than 20 years.The results showed that landscape element types changed significantly in Dongting Lake region from 1987 to 2008,which were proofed wholly by area continuous decreasing in the types of dry land and garden plot,area continuous increasing in the types of water,paddy field,road and building land,and for the woodland area were firstly decreased and then increased.The overall changing trends in landscape patterns of Qianlianghu polder were increased in diversity,evenness,and degree of fragmentation,and became complexity in the shapes of landscape.The three main driving forces for landscape pattern changing were population increase and urbanization construction,industrial structure adjustment,together with the project implement of converting polders back into wetlands.

Abstract:The Schiff base transition metal complexe, [Cu(Sal-β-Ala)(3,5-DMPz)2]·2H2O,was synthetized.The electrodeposition method was used to prepare \[Cu(Sal-β-Ala)(3,5-DMPz)2] modified electrodes.The electrochemical behavior of hydroquinone on the modified electrode surface was studied.The results showed that [Cu(Sal-β-Ala)(3,5-DMPz)2] modified electrodes had good catalytic effect on hydroquinone and the electrochemical process of hydroquinone on modified electrodes was diffusion-controlled.The modified electrode showed a widely linear concentration range for hydroquinone from 4 μmol/L to 120 μmol/L with a detection limit of 0.28 μmol/L(S/N=3).

Abstract:To use chemical fertilizers rationally,reduce the resources waste and enhance fertilization efficiency,42 “3414” field experiments for late rice were conducted in 13 counties and regions in Ji′an city,Jiangxi Province from 2008 to 2010 to study the effect of soil testing and formulated fertilization on rice production.The results showed that the relative yield of late rice was 60%-85% when soil alkali-N content ranged from 116 mg/kg to 209 mg/kg.The recommendation of fertilizer N rate for late rice was 110-210 kg/hm2.The relative yield of late rice was 85%-100% when soil available K content ranged from 61 mg/kg to 119 mg/kg,indicating applying potassium fertilizer could improve yield.The recommended amount of K fertilizer application was 0-130 kg/hm2.There were high soil available P content and relative yield of late rice in the experimental regions,which were 11-31 mg/kg and 85%-100%,respectively.Fertilizing quantity recommended for P was 0-80 kg/hm2.The effect of P fertilizer was inferior to N and K.The recommended nitrogen fertilizing level calculated according to the high soil alkali-N content and low relative yield of late rice was relatively high.

Abstract:A quick method was developed for determining clofentezine residues in oranges by HPLC with dispersive solid phase extraction.The residues of clofentezine in samples was extracted by acetronitrile,cleaned up by PSA and C18 adsorbent.HPLC was performed on a C18 column with UV detection at 268 nm using acetonitrile-water(70∶30,V/V) as mobile phase.The newly developed method showed a good linear relationship at the range of 0.05-5.00 mg/L with good precision and accuracy for clofentezine(R2=0.999 3).The limit of quantification (LOD) of clofentezine in orange pulp and peel was all 0.05 mg/kg.With RSD lower than 8.1% for pulp and peel,the average recoveries were 77.6%-91.6% and 79.3%-105.6% for pulp and peel samples spiked with 0.05-1.00 mg/kg of clofentezine,respectively.

Abstract:The experiment was undertaken to evaluate the effects of active immunization against the gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist（GnRHa） on the expression and immuno-localization of FSHR in uteri,as well as uterine development in the ewes.Forty two ewes (Ovis aries),five-to-six months old,were randomly assigned into six groups (n=7).The animals in the experimental groups EG-Ⅰ,EG-Ⅱ and EG-Ⅲ were subcutaneously injected with 200 μg,300 μg and 400 μg alarelin antigens twice (on day 0 and 14),respectively,in groups EG-Ⅳ and EG-Ⅴ were subcutaneously injected with 200 μg and 300 μg alarelin antigens four times (on day 0,7,14 and 21),respectively and in control group (CG) were injected subcutaneously with 2.0 mL solvent twice (on day 0 and 7).The samples of the uterine horns of each ewe were collected aseptically on day 70 after killed by bloodletting from carotid.The FSHR distribution in the uteri was studied by the methods of Immunohistochemistry SP (streptomyces avidin- peroxidase) and image analysis,the mirostructure and ultrastructure changes of the uteri were observed under the optical and electron microscope,respectively and the expression of FSHR was detected by Western blot.The results showed that the expression of FSHR increased with the increasing of alarelin dose and injection times and the expression levels of FSHR in EG-Ⅲ and EG-Ⅴ were significantly higher than (P＜0.01) in CG.The FSHR were predominantly concentrated in the cytoplasm and nuclei of the uterine endometrial cells and glandular epithelium cells.The gray values of microscopy images in EG-Ⅰ,EG-Ⅱ and EG-Ⅲ increased gradually and were significantly higher in EG-Ⅲ and EG-Ⅴ than in CG (P<0.01).The uterine weights,endometrial epithelium thickness (EET) and uterine wall thickness (UWT) in all experimental groups reduced and were significantly lower in EG-Ⅲ and EG-Ⅴ than in CG (P<0.05).The uterine cavities and glandular lumen volumes narrowed,and the uterine wall became clearly thinner in all experimental groups.The quantities of mitochondria and mitochondria cristaes decreased and the microvilli became shorter,especially in EG-Ⅲ.In conclusion,alarelin active immunity enhanced distribution of FSHR,promoted the expression of FSHR protein in the uteri of the ewes,changed the mirostructure and ultrastructure of the uteri,inhibited the uterine development of ewes,and especially suppressed the growth of uterine endometrium.

Abstract:The mitochondrial CR and Cyt b gene segments of 24 Squaliobarbus curriculus from Yangtze River and Pearl River were amplified by PCR technique and sequenced.Analysis of the 1 345 bp combined mtDNA CR and Cyt b gene sequence showed that there were 23 haplotypes,22 single-base mutation and 102 parsimony-informative sites.In the 139 variable sites,there were 100 transition sites,30 transversion sites and 14 insertion/deletion sites.The content of A+T (61.5%) was much higher than that of C+G (38.5%).The genetic variation among the 4 populations ranged from 0 to 7.43%.The haplotype diversity(H),mean number of pair-wise differences (K±SD) and nucleotide diversity (π) were 0.977 8,17.271 0 and 0.002 7,respectively,suggesting high genetic diversity.There were significant genetic differences of FST values between Yangtze River and Pearl River,but there were no genetic differences within the same river.The result of molecular phylogenetic tree constructed by NJ and ML methods and median joining network of 23 haplotypes also supported that point.Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the genetic differentiation among four populations was caused by genetic variation between Yangtze River and Pearl River and no genetic differentiation existed between populations within the same river,which further supported the FST result.The obvious genetic differentiation was mainly attributed to the reproductive isolation caused by the geographical isolation between Yangtze River and Pearl River.But,in the same river system,there was no genetic differentiation between different populations because of wide genetic communication caused by the “semi-immigrations” behavior of S.curriculus.

Abstract:Streptococcus agalactiae surface proteins can stimulate the host to produce protective immune.The protein C5a peptidase is widespread in a variety of serotypes of Streptococcus strains,highly conserved and has good immunogenicity.It is a possible carrier protein that could induce protective immune response by itself.However,the immune epitopes and the role of virulence groups of S.agalactiae scpB gene of fish is still unclear.In this study,the scpB gene was amplified from genome DNA of S.agalactiae isolated from tilapia by PCR with specific primers.Restriction analysis and DNA sequencing confirmed that the scpB gene has a ORF of 3 405 bp,encoding 1 134 amino acid,which was highly conserved and had a surprising degree of homology among strains isolated from other mammals.Molecular analysis of scpB gene was performed by bioinformatics tools such as DNAstar,Clustal X 2.0,MEGA 5.05,ExPASy ProtParam,NCBI Protein blast,and NCBI Conserved Domain et al.The results showed that the amino acid encoded by the scpB gene contained 3 catalytic triad,7 putative active sites,2 specific hits,and 4 super families (2 Peptidases-S8-S53，1 DUF1034,and 1 FlgD-lg).Moreover,it was found that C5a peptidase had mutiple epitopes,suggesting that the protein may have strong immunogenicity.Then the PCR product was inserted into pET32a(+) and the constructed recombinant plasmid pET32a(+)/scpB was transformed to E.coli BL21(DE3) for expression.The positive colony,which were identified by PCR and digestion (EcoRⅠand XhoⅠ),showed that the recombinant plasmid pET32a (+)/scpB was constructed successfully.This study paved the way for further study of immune mechanism and polypeptide vaccine based on C5a peptidase from the tilapia S.agalactiae.

Abstract:Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), also known as koi herpesvirus (KHV), is the causative agent of an emerging and mortal disease in common (Cyprinus carpio carpio) and koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) carp. Since its emergence in the late 1990s, KHV has caused severe financial and economic losses in both koi and common carp culture industries worldwide. CyHV-3 contains an interleukin-10 like open reading frame (ORF134), which has been identified from multiple members of Herpesvirales and Poxviridae. Here in this study, ORF134 of CyHV-3 was amplified by RT-PCR. It is 624 bp in full-length with an intron and encodes a peptide of 179 amino acids. Multiple sequence alignment indicated that ORF134 shared 23.5% amino acid sequence similarity with carp IL-10. Homology modeling suggested that ORF134 had a similar three-dimensional structure with vIL-10 encoded by EBV, but shared low sequence similarity with other vIL-10. To analysis the expression profile of ORF134, the coding region of ORF134 was cloned into pcDNA3.1 vector and expressed in 293T cells. The results suggested that ORF134 could secrete from expressed cells, but different from other identified viral IL-10 homologs, ORF134 could not form homodimer under non-reduced condition. Further study showed that soluble fusing protein of ORF134 was also expressed in E. coli. 

Abstract:In order to detect different species of iridescent virus from largemouth bass,two pairs of specific primers,named Rana-mcp and Mega-mcp with predicted products of 475 bp and 262 bp,were designed from sequences of major capsid protein (MCP) gene from Ranavirus and Megalocytivirus, respectively.The reaction conditions of the duplex PCR were optimized,and the specificity and sensitivity were further studied.The limit DNA of the duplex PCR for Ranavirus and Megalocytivirus were 6.5 pg and 14.5 pg,respectively.Using duplex PCR and sequencing methods,15 clinical samples were tested and 5 positive samples from Ranavirus infection and 1 positive sample from Megalocytivirus infection were detected.The developed duplex PCR method based on MCP gene could be used for rapid diagnosis and epidemiology investigation on iridescent virus disease of cultured largemouth bass.

Abstract:Effects of taurine enrichment on the population growth and reproduction of rotifer,Brachionus rotundiformis were studied.Rotifers were enriched with 4 levels (each with 4 repetitions) of taurine,0,0.4,0.8,1.2 g/L,respectively and the culture lasted for 264 h.The results showed that the population growth of rotifer in the treated groups were significantly different from the control (P<0.01) and the population density was significantly higher in the 0.8 g/L group than in the other groups (P<0.01) during the culture period.The population density and growth rate reached the maximum at 144 h in the control and at 168 h in the treated groups,with the highest density appeared in the 0.8 g/L group.The population growth decreased significantly in the control (P<0.01) after 168 h.The egg ratio of the control increased rapidly during 0-24 h and decreased rapidly during 168-264 h.While in the treated groups,the egg ratio increased and decreased slowly.In conclusion,taurine could be a positive factor to enhance reproduction and population growth of rotifers and the optimal concentration was 0.8 g/L.

Abstract:A transplanter for fresh cuttings of Artemisia selengensis was designed in order to solve the problem of low productivity and the high intensity of labour during the manual work of sticking. This paper made a brief introduction to the working principles of this transplanter, and the rules of the parting and taking motion were analyzed. A motion model of the fresh cuttings during the process of parting and taking was set up, the equations of locus, velocity and acceleration for a single cutting during the parting and taking processes were derived. It is found that when the velocity of each single cutting is 0.02 m/s and the acceleration of it is 4.6 rad/s2 during the parting process and the maximum angular velocity of each single cutting is 1.9 rad/s,and the maximum angular acceleration of it is 6.6 rad/s2 and the maximum angular velocity of the picker is 2.2 rad/s，and the maximum angular acceleration of it is 14.0 rad/s2 on its way back during the taking process, it can part and take the fresh cuttings effectively, and the variation tendency of locus，velocity and acceleration was analyzed by using MATLAB, which proved the feasibility of the parting and taking function of the transplanter through experiment.

Abstract:The article is based on micro handed ditcher and it designs fertilization devices and covering soil devices which mainly include the transmitting designment of distributing device,central assignment,covington soil and simulation forms in order to achieve the cooperation of ditching,fertilization and covering soil.It implements the power from the wheel to rows fertilizer,the stability of the centeral point of fertilizer box,the adjustment of fertilizer consumption,covering plate achieving simulation function under this condition which its altitude is around 80 cm . The experimental conclusion in field shows that the speed of fertilization is 50 kg/h, the rate of covering soil is by 78.3% and its degree of uniformity is good.

Abstract:Crop 3D modeling is a key problem of agricultural informationization.Crop 3D information collection and reconstruction is the hotspot.Methods of crop 3D information collection and reconstruction were classified according to the principle and operation mode.The basic principle and application of each method was presented and discussed.The problems of the accuracy of crop 3D modeling were divided into two classes and introduced respectively.Finally,the prospect of crop 3D information collection and reconstruction based on the measured data was discussed from four aspects including the methods fusion,the multi-parameter inversion,the operating mode and the scope of work.

Abstract:Fruit industry is the typical agriculture in hill, and mechanization of transportation in hilly region became the core requirement in the assignment of hilly orchard. In order to solve the problems on transportation in hilly orchard, domestic and foreign scholars conducted systematically research of transporting machineries in hilly orchard. Meanwhile, the research and application status of typical transporters used in hill orchard, including wheel transporter, pedrail transporter and pedrail wheel transporter, was summarized in this paper at home and abroad. The transporters were discussed and analyzed in terms of performance, using conditions and distinctive mechanism. Finally,development trend of the hilly orchard transporter is prospected.

Abstract:In analyzing gene sequences,various heterogeneous data analysis and a variety of software and algorithms should be integrated.The interactive graphical interface is a prerequisite.A software system named GSAS (gene sequence analysis system) based on Java-based J2EE environment was proposed.The system provides a unified data,algorithm interface and visualization graphical interface,not only integrates a variety of key sequence analysis algorithms and tools,but also achieves the integration of heterogeneous data.The workflow mechanism of GSAS provides a collaborative study solution for analyzing gene sequence.