Abstract:Eleven rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties were analysed for their cold resistance with respect to different cultivation measures,such as sowing time,spraying uniconazole during seedling growth,fertilizer types and fertilizer volume.The results showed a significant difference in the cold resistance among ten varieties under the condition of early sowing (October 1st) because of the bolting and flowering periods at a low temperature of -4-4℃ in overwintering period,and the freeze injury index ranged between 25.0 and 82.5.Of note,the variety of zhongyou116 and 28-2010 exhibited the highest cold resistance among different varieties.However,no significant difference was observed among late sowing varieties,and all varieties exhibited less frost damage,the freeze injury index ranged between 24.2 and 29.2.Moreover,by spraying uniconazole during seedling growth,there was a general increase in the cold resistance among different varieties.The average freeze injury index of different varieties was reduced by 4.76.Under assortative applying with different quantities of N,P and K,no significant difference was observed among different varieties,but the use of an organic fertilizer was found to increase the cold resistance.According to above observations,the author proposed a comprehensive report of the cultivation measures of rapeseed with respect to cold resistance.

Abstract:The resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of the transgenic Arabidopsis T2-positive plant with glycosyl transferase gene SM-Ngt1 from tobacco was identified by inoculating of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum pathogen.The levels of expression of SM-Ngt1 in the transgenic Arabidopsis T2-positive was determined through real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR).The results showed that SM-Ngt1 was resistant to sclerotium disease in Arabidopsis and the level of resistance was obviously consisted with the expression of SM-Ngt1 in the transgenic Arabidopsis.

Abstract:Subcellular localization and function of MreB in Anabaena sp.PCC 7120 was investigated by using MreB-GFP fusion vector with a mreB promoter.Effects of A22 in Anabaena sp.PCC 7120 with a MreB-GFP were studied.The organization of MreB changes dynamically throughout the cell cycle.Treated with A22,the MreB-GFP protein can not aggregate normally.

Abstract:To elucidate the function of MYB in Actinidia chinesis ‘Hongyang’ pigmentation,a novel MYB gene(AcMYB) was isolated from that cultivar by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE).The full-length cDNA of AcMYB is 962 bp with an open reading frame(ORF) of 666 nucleotides encoding a protein of 221 amino acids with two typical MYB DNA binding domains at its N-terminal.The result of Blast X showed that AcMYB had high similarity with MYB transcription factors in Petunia hybrida Vilm., Vitis spp., Solanum lycopersicum L.,Antirrhinum majus L.and sequences from other plant species related to the elevation of anthocyanin pigmentation.Real-time PCR analysis indicated that the expression of MYB was positively correlated with the main anthocyanin concentration in Actinidia chinesis ‘Hongyang’ and both of them maintained high levels at the stage of pigmentation,suggesting that AcMYB may play an important role in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis.

Abstract:Based on data with important values for classification and niche measuring,the classification,niche breadth and overlap of dominant woody species of natural secondary forest in Dabie Mountain Reserve were studied by means of sampling,two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN),detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and niche analysis.The results showed that communities of natural secondary forest in Dabie Mountain Reserve were divided into six community types (coniferous forest Ⅰ and Ⅱ,coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest Ⅰ and Ⅱ,deciduous broad-leaved forest E and evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest F) based on TWINSPAN and DCA.DCA ordination figures also reflected the pattern of communities changing from the coniferous forest Ⅰ and Ⅱ to coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest Ⅰ and Ⅱ,then to deciduous and evergreen deciduous mixed forest.Pinus massoniana and Pinus hwangshanensis had a large niche breadth in coniferous forest Ⅰ and Ⅱ.Pinus and Quercus both had larger niche in coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest Ⅰ and Ⅱ.Many woody species had larger niche in deciduous and evergreen deciduous mixed forest.The niche breadth and overlap of main dominant species in different communities might change according to the succession trend.It was feasible for using niche overlap index and species characteristic as the main evaluation criterion in terms of majority species relationships in different community succession.

Abstract:Nineteen pairs of cDNA-SRAP primers were designed to amplify cDNA samples of 24 Chimonanthus praecox flower buds/tepals representing different developmental stages.The biological functions of a portion of differentially expressed genes were predicted and characterized.The results showed that cDNA-SRAP methods is simple,cheap,effective in generating relatively abundant bands and a valid approach to study differentially expressed genes.It indicated that fragments having high sequence similarity with Zea mays Zpu1, Populus tremuloides CesA4,Zea mays RP3-1 and Triticum aestivum PPO may play an important role in flower development and resistance to stress.

Abstract:Seedling cotyledons of the soybean cyst nematode （Heterodera glycines Ichinohe）-susceptible cultivars of Zhonghuang 13, Heidou 44 and Heidou 51 were co-cultured with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain K599 under dark conditions. Transformation efficiency was tested through GUS staining.The results showed that there were significant differences among soybean genotypes in their susceptibility to A.rhizogenes. The conditions of 25 ℃ and 12 h/d light were found to be optimal for hairy root induction of Heidou 44.The transformation efficiency of Heidou 44 had no significant difference with that of Heidou 51, while it was significantly higher than that of Zhonghuang 13. Light or darkness had no effect on Zhonghuang 13, but the inducing efficiency of Heidou 44 and Heidou 51 in the dark conditions were significantly higher than that in light condition.The infective efficiency of Heidou 44 was significantly higher than that of Heidou 51 and Zhonghuang 13.

Abstract:Tomoto aspermy virus (TAV) and Chrysanthemum virus B (CVB) were detected after samples of chrysanthemum showing noticeable symptom of virus diseaseas were collected at flower bases and parks in Kunming in 2011. On the basis of ELISA test and RT-PCR detection, the resulted incidences of the TAV and CVB were 4.62% and 16.70% respectively. Partial coat protein (CP) gene in 3 isolates of TAV and 8 isolates of CVB were sequeced. The sequencing results indicate the homology between the 3 TAV isolates in Kunming and other 28 accessed isolates in GenBank is 85.04%-98.02%. These isolates were built up in two clusters in the phylogenetic tree, and the TAV isolates in Kunming were built up in the same cluster. However,a comparison between the 8 isolates of CVB in Kunming and the other known 35 isolates in GenBank indicates their homology is 75.09%-84.99%. These isolates were built up in three clusters in the phylogenetic tree, and the CVB isolates in Kunming were built up in the same cluster.

Abstract:According to the occurrence regularity of Bactrocera (Tetradacus) minax (Enderlein) in the orchard, a series of experiments were performed to compare the effect of different controlling methods. The results showed that B.minax adults trapping work should be done during the period of emergence peak: (7.6±1.8) insects were trapped per trap per day, while (1.8±0.3) insects were trapped per trap per day in spawning period. As for the distribution of traps in citrus orchard, traps should be setting in the junction area of citrus orchards and hybrid woods. The trapping number in junction area was (7.6±1.8) per trap, which was significantly higher than (4.5±1.2) per trap in orchard. But in spawning period, prevention in orchard was better than in junction area. The controlling effects about wormed fruits showed that there was no significant difference in trapping effect between the emergence peak period in the junction area and the whole adults hazard period in orchard. 

Abstract:To determine the best extraction solvent of walnut roots,the allelopathic activities of root extracts from walnut were tested against wheat,cabbage and mung bean by the indicator of synthesis effect (SE) on seed germination and seedling growth.The allelopathy of different extraction phases from 95% ethanol extracts was also studied.The result showed that:95% ethanol extracts of walnut roots had the strongest inhibition on the seed germination and seedling growth of three acceptors (SE=－0.559).When the tested mass concentration was 40 mg/mL,the inhibited effect of different extracts from 95% ethanol extracts on root length of three acceptors was greater than it on seedling height,with the most significant integrated allelopathy of ethyl acetate extracts (SE=－0.571).The inhibition rate of root length and seedling height of wheat and cabbage was above 60%; cabbage is more sensitive than wheat and mung bean.Different mass concentration treatments of ethyl acetate extracts had different allelopathy intensity to three acceptors.As the increasing of mass concentration,root length,seedling height and relative water content of wheat were inhibited,significantly lower than control.The allelopathic effect on cabbage and mung bean presented dual effect; low mass concentration promotes growth,while high mass concentration inhibits growth.

Abstract:The simplex-lattice design was applied to study the effect of ration of different kinds of controlled release potassium (CRK) fertilizer and conventional potassium fertilizer,blended controlled release potassium fertilizer on production and potassium content in leaves of flue-cured tobacco under field condition.The results showed that the use of blended CRK fertilizer,combined application of controlled release potassium fertilizer with water soluble conventional potassium fertilizer could significantly increase the potassium content in leaves. The effect of T7 treatment (52.150 kg/hm2+ 96.850 kg/hm2+74.500 kg/hm2) was maximum.K content of both T7 and T1 treatment (67.050 kg/hm2+89.400 kg/hm2+67.050 kg/hm2) increased by 35.17% and 31.65％,respectively.T7 treatment and T1 treatment could also increase the production of lower leaves,middle leaves and upper leaves of the tobacco with obvious increase of lower leaves and upper leaves.The yield of T7 and T1 treatment increased 8.9% and 7.0%,respectively.

Abstract:94 samples of Brassica rapa,Brassica juncea and Brassica napus were grown in fields under normal nutrition (CK),low nitrogen (LN) and low phosphorus (LP) conditions.Several agronomic traits such as seed yield,plant height,primary branch number,seed number per pod,thousand-seed weight,pod number and relative seed yield on LN or LP condition were studied in the mature period,to evaluate the difference of adaptability and yield potential of Brassica rapa,Brassica juncea and Brassica napus in the response to low nitrogen or low phosphorus stress.Results showed that Brassica napus had higher seed yield under three different nutrient treatments and larger potential for agriculture production than that of the other two types.Brassica rapa,which might have more genes involved in nitrogen or phosphorus utilization,showed the highest nitrogen and phosphorus efficiency.Whereas the nitrogen or phosphorus efficiency of Brassica juncea was in the middle between Brassica rapa and Brassica napus,and Brassica juncea had some other good traits such as yellow seed,large pod number and strong resistance to insects and diseases.These results suggested that both Brassica rapa and Brassica juncea could help to improve Brassica napus.Under different nutrition conditions,different correlations between seed yield and other traits were found in different types of rapeseeds.The great genetic variations among different cultivars or genotypes suggest that it is possible to select high nitrogen or phosphorus efficient rapeseed in intraspecific or interspecific if the number of samples collected is large enough.

Abstract:To evaluate the effect of dietary lysozyme on growth and anti-infection ability of grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idellus,fish with initial body weight 6.93±0.27 g were randomly divided into six groups and fed diets with 0 (control),100,200,300,400,500 mg/kg dietary lysozyme respectively for 60 days.The results showed that the growth performance and anti-infection ability of grass carp were significantly affected by dietary lysozyme.In the first 45 days of the feeding trial,the specific growth rate (SGR) in all lysozyme-treated groups was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).At the end of the feeding trial,the SGR in the 100-300 mg/kg groups was not significantly different from the control,while the SGR in the 400 and 500 mg/kg groups was significantly lower than that in the control (P<0.05).Feed conversion ratio decreased first,then increased with the increment of the dietary lysozyme,with the lowest in the group of 200 mg/kg.After the tested fish was challenged with live Aeromonas hydrophila by intraperitoneal injection,mortality rate of the 200-500 mg/kg groups was significantly lower than that of the control and 100 mg/kg group.This study further indicated that activities of endogenous digestive and immune enzymes were enhanced by the dietary lysozyme to some extent.Lysozyme was also found to have strong inhibitory activity against common Gram negative bacteria in aquaculture by antimicrobial tests.In summary,the optimal level of dietary lysozyme was 200-300 mg/kg according to the growth performance and the anti-infection ability.

Abstract:Artificial gynogenesis has been proved to be a valuable genetic tool for the rapid production of inbred lines,development of all female populations and construction of linkage map.In the present study,meiogynogenesis of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) was induced by cold-shock with the eggs being activated by UV genetic inactivated sperms of Cyprinus carpio Songpu carp.DNA contents of gynogenetic individuals were measured by flow cytometry and there were no significant differences between gynogenetic individuals and M.amblycephala normal diploids (P>0.05),indicating that the gynogenetic individuals were diploids.Eight pairs of microsatellite primers could amplify clear parental bands were selected to test the gynogenetic progenies.The results of primers MFW1,MFW5 and HLJ393 revealed that no male parent gene exist in gynogenetic individuals.Then ten microsatellites locus where female parent was heterozygous were used to analyze the homozygous ratio of the induced gynogenetic diploids.The results of genetic analysis showed that a high percentage of heterozygosity was found in gynogenetic diploids except for loci TTF-EST46，TTF-EST61 and TTF-EST851.The rate of heterozygosity in meiogynogenetic progenies at the locus TTF-EST12 was 0.864 and the other six loci were 1.000.The average recombination rate of these 10 loci was 0.686 4.This study confirmed that it was difficult to get high rate homozygotic M.amblycephala gynogenesis through suppression of the meiosis-II,because there was high heterozygosity in the first meiogynogenetic generation owing to crossover between the homologous chromosome during the meiosis-I stage.These gynogenetic diploids could be used as breeding material for its high genetic homogeneity with the female parent.

Abstract:Microsatellite markers were used to analyze genetic diversity of four channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) populations (Texas,Local,Alabama and Mississippi).The results showed that the allele number of the four populations ranged from 2 to 18,the average effect alleles ranged from 5.820 8 to 6.146 6,the average observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.653 0 to 0.693 5,the average expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.732 7 to 0.756 6,and the average polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.613 5 to 0.725 6.Most loci were significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P <0.05) and the genetic deviation index (D) were almost minus,suggesting loss of Heterozygous in the 4 populations to some extent.Nei’s genetic distance and genetic identity showed that the genetic distance between Texas and Mississippi population was the highest (0.275 0) and the genetic identity was the lowest (0.759 6),while the genetic distance between the population Texas and Local was the lowest (0.139 4) and the genetic identity was highest (0.869 8).The AMOVA result showed that 4.22% of genetic variation was from populations and 85.86% was from individuals.The UPGMA phylogenetic tree of the four populations was constructed based on Nei’s genetic distance.The result showed that Mississippi population clustered into one group,the populations of Texas,Local and Alabama clustered into another group and the relationship between Texas and Local population was the closest.All the results above showed that the four channel catfish populations had high levels of genetic diversity,had the potential as breeding material and then can be used as breeding material.

Abstract:To construct a prokaryotic expression system of Liza haematocheila interleukin (IL)-22,the partial IL-22 gene was cloned from spleen using the specific primers by PCR and inserted into pUC57 vector.Then,the plasmid and pQE-30 vector were digested with BamHⅠ and KpnⅠ,ligated and sub-cloned into M15.The IL-22 protein was expressed by IPTG induction,purified by Ni-NTA and confirmed by SDS-PAGE.The SDS-PAGE result showed that after induced by IPTG,the IL-22 was expressed successfully in M15,and mainly expressed in supernatant.The results indicated that the IL-22 prokaryotic expression vector was constructed successfully and the recombinant protein possessed biological activity.

Abstract:To investigate the composition and biomass of fish community in the middle and downstream area of Ganjiang River,10 points from Xiajiang to Nanchang section at high-water period,normal-water period and low-water period were sampled from June 2009 to June 2010.A total of 90 species of fish,which belonged to 60 genera,16 families and 6 orders were recorded.The results showed that Cypriniformes were the major fish species,Siluriformes and Perciformes were the next and the Clupeiformes,Synbranchiformes and Beloniformes were the least.The dominant species in the present study were Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus,Carassiu auratus (Linnaeus) and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Bleeker).The population of migration fish including Mylopharyngodon piceus,Ctenopharyngodon idellus,Hypophthalm ichthys molitrix,Aristichthys nobilis,etc decreased sharply.The species of the Acipenser sinensis,Luciobrama macrocephalalus,and Hilsa reevesi disappeared completely.Compared with the historic data,the composition of fish species from Xiajiang to Nanchang section in Ganjiang River varied dramatically,the resource of fish decreased obviously and the fish became smaller.

Abstract:Using flue-cured tobacco cutters as experimental materials,changes of color indexes (L*,a*,b*),states of tobacco leaves and their relationship with main chemical components were studied to provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of curing technology and precise and intelligent control of curing process.Results showed that color indexes of front and back side of tobacco leaves had the same trends during bulk curing.It had big changes in the prior period,and small changes during later periods of curing process.Front side changed faster than back side.Thickness shrinkage showed a large change rate since the start of the curing,while it slowed down in stem-drying stage.The rest of the state indexes had larger changes in middle and smaller changes in prior and later period.Correlation analysis showed that certain relationships existed among color indexes,states of tobacco leaves and chemical components,most of which were significant or extremely significant.Regression analysis indicated that the regression equation had a high fitting degree and these models could be used to predict the states of tobacco leaves and chemical components.

Abstract:A study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding broad bean on growth performance and flesh quality of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Channel catfish with average body weight of 250 g were fed with formula feed and broad bean for 100 days,respectively.The feeding experiment showed that the growth rate of channel catfish fed with formula feed and broad bean were 104.85% and 276.97%,feed coefficient were 4.32 and 2.11,protein efficiency ratio were 145.16% and 80.52%,condition factor were 14.72 and 23.83.For flesh ingredient,compared with channel catfish fed with formulate feed，crude ash was not significantly different (P>0.1).Channel catfish fed with broad bean had lower crude protein,crude fat,and total sugar (P<0.01),but higher moisture (P<0.01).The essential amino acids,flavor amino acids and unsaturated fatty acid contents decreased with feeding broad bean.The hardness and chewiness of channel catfish fed with fresh or steam cooked broad bean were also increased (P<0.01) compared with formula feed group.Results showed the channel catfish fed with broad bean could have crisp quality,but the growth performance and nutritional value of flesh was reduced.

Abstract:Using fast independent component analysis algorithm,active acoustic signals mixed with gaussian noise of Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum known as stored grain pests,were de-noised. Then Fast ICA algorithm were used to recognize and separate acoustic signals of four kinds of active acoustic signals,such as creeping and vibratory signals of Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum. The results demonstrate the validity and accuracy to recognize each pest′s acoustic signal from mixed signals by Fast ICA algorithm.

Abstract:The technology of image grabbing and image processing for citrus grading was studied．Four pictures were grabbed for each orange from different perspective,a grading algorithm based on citrus color and texture features of four profiles was developed to identify the grade of the citrus efficiently． The experiment take the result of sense evaluation with manpower as grading criterion, and sixty patterns were graded with probabilistic neural network (PNN). The test result showed that the whole discriminating rate was up to 85%,and the rates of first class and fourth class were higher than the rates of second and third classes.

Abstract:The equilibrium moisture contents (EMC) of three black teas and three green teas were determined by the gravimetric static method at 35 ℃ over a range of water activity from 0.06 to 0.90. The sorption isotherms have an S-shape profile typical for many food materials. A hysteresis effect was observed. The experimental data were analyzed by SPSS software for the single factor analysis of variance, the analysis results show that different kinds of tea have the similar adsorption and desorption equilibrium moisture content.

Abstract:In order to reduce labor intensity and ensure safe operation a remote control system based on MCU AT89S52 was designed by using the self-propelled monorail transporter 7YGD-35 as the research object. The system is composed of the remote controller, the central processing unit and the electromotive handspike, etc. The clutch actuator, shift actuator, throttle actuator and brake actuator are designed to make accurate control, which all use the electromotive handspike as the core. The experimental results show that the control distance is as far as 300 m, and it is perfectly suitable for the transportation of mountainous citrus orchard. Therefore, there is a good prospect for the application of the system for monorail transporter. 