Abstract:A linkage map consisted of 144 SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers was constructed based on a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of rice from the cross between Chuanxiang 29B and Zhongguoxiangdao.Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related with rice qualities of appearance,cooking and eating were analyzed.A total of 45 QTLs for grain length,grain width,length-width rate,chalkiness rate,amylase content and alkali spread value were identified and mapped onto the rice chromosome 1,2,3,4,6,7,9,10 and 12.Nine QTLs can be repetively detected in two years.These QTLs were useful for improving the quality of Chuanxiang 29B through molecular marker-assisted selection.

Abstract:A yeast two-hybrid cDNA library of penultimate leaf harvested from the rice cultivar Zhonghua11 before its flowering transition was constructed to study the molecular network of flowering regulation.The high-quality total RNA was isolated and the first-strand cDNA was obtained by reverse transcription using primer Oligo(dT).The double-strand cDNA was amplified by using Long Distance PCR.The cDNA library of rice penultimate leaf was generated by using homologous recombination-mediated SMART technology in yeast strain AH109.The testing results of library’s quality showed that the transformation efficiency of cDNA library was 1.185×10 6 transformants/3 μg pGADT7-Rec with the titers of 2.65×10 8 cfu/mL and the recombinant rate of 94.7％.The sizes of inserted fragments were ranged from 350 bp to 2 000 bp.These data indicated that the cDNA library could be used to screen interacting proteins of the flowering time gene in rice.

Abstract:Using an improved rice root research system,crown root numbers in 42 cultivated rice were analyzed.Results showed that different cultivars have different crown root numbers,ranging from 2 to 12 at average.Two cultivars with extremely few crown roots and 2 cultivars with large numbers of crown roots were selected for further analysis with the polar auxin transport inhibitor NPA.By localized application of NPA at the shoot-root junction of the 4 selected cultivars,we found that NPA appeared to reduce crown root numbers in general.Cultivars with large number of crown roots were more sensitive to low concentration of NPA than cultivars with small numbers.These data indicated that auxin and polar auxin transport determines crown root number in rice.

Abstract:Using sea-island cotton 7124 (R1) and Pima 90 (R2) as rootstocks,grafted seedlings S1/R1, S2/R1,S1/R2 and S2/R2 were obtained by the close-joining method with Jimian 11 (S1) and Emian 22 (S2) as the scion.All the grafting survival rates are above 60%,and the survival ratio of S2/R2 reached 85%.Results confirmed that there was favorable affinity among the selected sea-island cotton and upland cotton varieties.The resistance test showed that the grafted seedlings of S1/R1, S2/R1, S1/R2,and S2/R2 were resistant to Verticillium wilt with the relative disease indexes of resistance at 16.1,12.3,5.4 and 4.5,respectively.The results indicated that susceptible upland cotton cultivars grafting on appropriate disease-resistant rootstocks can effectively control the Verticillium wilt.The physiological indexes of rootstocks,scion and grafted seedlings were determined on the third day after inoculation of Verticillium dahhae Kleb..It was found that the activities of SOD and POD in all leaves were enhanced with MDA content increased.The SOD and POD activities in rootstocks leaves were the highest (the SOD and POD activities in R2 leaves are 68.51 and 661.26 U/(mg·min),respectively),and the increased amplitudes are 31.5% and 27.7%,respectively; the SOD and POD activities in scion leaves were the lowest (the SOD activity in S1 leaves and POD activity in S2 leaves are 40.80 and 424.48 U/(mg·min),respectively),and the increased amplitudes are 15.5% and 5.2%,respectively; the SOD and POD activities in four grafted seedlings leaves were between them.While the MDA contents in leaves were in the contrast:the MDA contents in scion leaves being the highest,and those in rootstock leaves being the lowest,the MDA contents in grafted seedlings leaves being mediate.The enhancement of disease-resistance in plant by grafting can be contributed to the enhancement of the enzyme system which defenses the damage from free radicals and reactive oxygen through reducing the lipid peroxidation in the leaf cell membrane.PAL activity in the leaves of cotton seedling infected by pathogen was significantly elevated and showed regular changes.PAL activity increased slowly in primarily infected the first day followed by a sharp rise,and the activity peak arose at the 3rd day after infection followed by a rapid decline,then the enzyme activity were close to the initial levels at the 5th day PAL activities in different resistant varieties are significantly different.PAL activity in Emian 22(S2) increases slowly with small peak(32.41 U/(mg·min)); PAL activity in Pima 90(R2) increases quickly with high peak value (53.65 U/(mg·min)); PAL activity in grafted cotton seedlings S2/R2 is mediate,and the peak value (46.13 U/(mg·min)) is more close to that of R2.

Abstract:The dynamic expression of one cytochrom P450-like gene in mesocarp of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) nut at five different development stages were analyzed.The content of fatty acid in mesocarp tissues was investigated with chloroform-methanol method.The results showed that mRNA level of the P450-like gene was the highest at the fourth period with 201.07 times of the first stage.The ratio of fatty acid accumulation reached the maximum during the 3rd-4th stage (15.79%).The change of fatty acid accumulation during five stages fitted well with P450 gene expression.According to previous studies,the expression of P450 in the development of oil palm nuts may affect the oxidation,epoxidation or alkylation of fatty acid in oil palm.This study will provide a basis for further research about the regulation of P450 gene during the maturation of oil palm,and open up a new field of modifying oil palm fatty acid metabolism pathway by genetic improvement.

Abstract:The residues of the high toxic organophosphorous can cause chronic poisoning.At present,the detection of organophosphorous residue needs complicated operation,time consuming and high cost.Here,we harvested total RNA of mosquito by Trizol methods,constructed cDNA library,and got the exon of acetylcholinesterase.The acetylcholinesterase from culex was expressed by Bac-to-Bac system,then the enzyme was purified using Ni-sepharose.The crude and purified enzyme was tested and verified by SDS-PAGE.The enzyme activity was determined by Ellman methods.It will be of great significance to biosensors in organophosphorous pesticides detection.

Abstract:The activities of invertase,urease,acid-phosphatase and dehydrogenase,the number of bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi and the contents of microbial biomass C and N (MBC and MBN) in soils sampled at the booting,heading and milky stages of rice were investigated using pot experiment under three irrigation methods including controlled irrigation (CIR),intermittent irrigation (IIR),flooding irrigation (FIR) under three ratios of organic to inorganic nitrogen (N) such as 60% inorganic N+40% organic N (F1),80% inorganic N+20% organic N (F2),100% inorganic N (F3).Results showed that the enzymatic activity,the number of microorganism and the contents of MBC and MBN in soils were increased from booting to heading stages with a peak of increase at the heading stage and decreased from the heading to milky stages.Comparing with FIR treatment,CIR and IIR treatments generally increased the enzymatic activity,the number of microorganism and the contents of MBC and MBN in soils.Combined application of organic and inorganic N generally had higher enzymatic activity,the number of microorganism and contents of MBC and MBN in soils than those of only inorganic N.F1 treatment had high organic fertilizer proportion.Thus water-saving irrigation method (CIR and IIR) could effectively enhance the microorganism activity of paddy soil under combined application of organic and inorganic N,F1 treatment.

Abstract:Cytological observations of anther in a novel cytoplasmic male sterile line and its maintainer line Yuyou of purple Cai-tai (Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis L.var.utilis Tsen et Lee) was made by means of paraffin section to determine the characteristics of anther abortion.The results showed that the abortion occurred at the early stage of single-nucleus microspore.The abnormal tapetum cells were observed and microspores at early stage were extruded.In the end,the tapetum cell and microspore at early stage disaggregated.

Abstract:Research had been carried out into the structure and the biomass for different organs of Phyllostachys praecon stands located at Chongyang County，Hubei Province,which were intensive managed,the results showed that bamboo stems were uniform distributed in ground,the average DBH of plots studied was 2.55 cm,the management density calculated according to the average DBH was 15 000 stems per hm2 （1 000 stems per 667 m2 ）；all stands studied were very young and in good health,stems density for 1,2,3,4 and 5 a were 3 000 stems per hm 2 ,4 660 stems per hm 2 ,3 880 stems per hm 2 ,460 stems per hm2 and 20 stems per hm 2 with 24.59%,38.20%,31.80%,3.77% and 1.60%,respectively; for anti-snow pressure,although tip hooking made the stem shorted,branch round decreased and crown width dwindled,leaf area index increased.When harvesting bamboo shoots,big and strong shoots were kept uniform in a stand ground which would grow as new stems,so the distribution of DBH was not a normal one，but a rightward.The tending made the stem height under the branch changed as well.The biomass for different Phyllostachys praecon organ was in the following order:culm＞bamboo stump＞bamboo rhizome＞ leaf＞ branch,and tip hooking also made the biomass for organs varied.

Abstract:The effects of Jinggangmycin on the growth and development of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn causal agent of rice sheath blight,were investigated by using a virulent isolate GD-118 of R.solani as the test isolate. The results showed that the regression equation for Jinggangmycin toxicity to R.solani was: y=3.360 3+1.320 4x,correlation coefficient r=0.962 6,the EC50 for theoretical inhibition of mycelial growth was 70.2 μg/mL, and the EC95 was 6 341.5 μg/mL. In regarding to cultural characteristics and mycelial growth,compared with blank control (without Jinggangmycin), the colonies of Jinggangmycin treatments had relatively obvious characteristics of uneven edges with more dense mycelia and darkened colour in the plate; with the increase of Jinggangmycin concentrations, the dry weight of mycelia decreased, but the mycelial density on colony surface increased and the colour of colony darkened further. In regarding to sclerotial shape and distribution in the plate, the granular and brown sclerotia scattered on the colony surface of blank control, with more in the periphery and a few in the interior relatively; whereas most sclerotia in Jinggangmycin treatments were powdery, light brown, or a part of the sclerotia coalesced together to form blocks, distributed in the periphery of colony with obvious double rings and anomalous concave or convex edges. In addition,with the increase of Jinggangmycin concentrations,the dry weight of sclerotia increased,the emergence of sclerotia were about 24 h earlier than that of blank control. In regarding to the numbers of mycelial cell nuclei, with the increase of Jinggangmycin concentrations, the numbers of cell nuclei and their distribution in the plate increased abnormally.

Abstract:Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases of insects play an important role in the detoxification of both phytotoxin and chemical insecticide,which are considered to be related to the resistance of insects. In this study,a P450 monooxygenase gene CYP9A14 of cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner),was found to be 17-fold overexpressed in a cypermethrin resistant strain compared to the sensitive strain by real-time PCR. A 490 bp CYP9A14 gene from H.armigera midgut was cloned and used to construct a recombined helicoverpa nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HaNPV)) by a double-stranded RNA interference (dsRNAi) manner. When H.armigera cypermethrin resistant larvae were injected with the recombined HaNPV,level of the CYP9A14 transcript in the midgut significantly decreased in comparison with the control construction.

Abstract:Protein disulfide isomerases (PDI) play in the protein folding, assembly, and posttranslational modification. In present study, a protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) cDNA sequence from Bactrocera dorsalis(BdorPDI) was cloned using the reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) compound with rapid amplification cDNA ends (RACE) method. The open reading frame (ORF) of BdorPDI is 1 497 bp in length and the deduced peptide contains 498 amino acids residues. Primary structure of the sequence reveals the typical characteristics of PDI family: signal peptide in the N-terminal, two CGHC active-site sequence motif in the N- and C- terminal, and retention signal KEDL at its C-end. Phylogenetic analysis show that Bactrocera dorsalis PDI shared the lowest sequence identity (49.3%) with PDI(XP_003217370) from Anolis carolinensis, and the highest sequence identity （76.3%） with PDI (ADD20271) from Glossina morsitans.Real-time PCR results indicated that BdorPDI expressed during whole developmental stages. The relative expression level in larvae was lower but gradually increased during the developing from 1-instar larva to 3-instar larva. The expression level in 1 d- old pupa reach a peak and the amount is about 536.50 folds of that in the baseline. The amount of the BdorPDI mRNA gradually decreases during the pupa development.The results implied that Bactrocera dorsalis PDI play an important physiological role in the pupation procession.

Abstract:The identification of the members of a major facilitator superfamily（MFS） may provides more valuable information for the research of on the cross-resistance of insects. Illumina’s Solexa sequencing technology and the method of real-time PCR were used for cDNA identification and expression profiles analysis. A member of major facilitator superfamily (PsMFS1) was successfully obtained. Its cDNA contained 1 224 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 407 amino acids. The putative protein contains a drug efflux system protein domain and a major facilitator superfamily domain. Gene expression profiles analysis showed that the PsMFS1 in head, midgut and production system were relative more highly expressed than that in antenna and legs. MFS possibly plays a role in the cross-resistance of P.striolata to pesticides and its function and mechanism in vivo needed more study in the future.

Abstract:The influence of light activated α-terthienyl (α-T) on the food recognition ability of red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) workers was observed, and the influence of α-T on their abilities of finding water, walking, climbing, and aggregation were also studied by the methods of potter spray and daubing antennas respectively. After the ant workers were treated with α-T in irradiation for 30 min, and then statically placed for 5,10,15,20，30 min, the rates of food recognition of these red imported fire ants were 11.67%, 13.33%, 10.00%, 16.67% and 15.00% respectively; the rates of water finding were 23.33%, 71.67%, 85.00%, 85.00% and 88.33% respectively; the aggregation rates were 55.00%, 62.50%, 65.00%, 67.50% and 70.00% respectively; their walking speed was 4.60 mm/s, and the rate of losing adhesive ability was 27.50%.The α-T has inhibitory effects on the red imported fire ants, and can significantly influence their food recognition ability, intraspecific identification ability and walking ability, and it can enhance their skills of finding water. The light activation insecticidal α-T possesses the ability to control red imported fire ants, and the botanical light activation has the potential to be the new, safe and environment protecting pesticides.

Abstract:Todorokite was synthesized through microwave heating from a layer structured precursor buserite prepared by O2 oxidation of Mn(OH)2 .The effects of several synthesis parameters under microwave heating including microwave power,temperature,time and the initial pH on the phase transformation from buserite to todorokite were investigated.The results showed that the well-crystalline and uniform sized todorokites were obtained under microwave heating conditions.Todorokite could not be synthesized under 150 W power of microwave radiation.The reaction time of synthesizing todorokite decreased with the increase of microwave power.Todorokite could be obtained in 20 minutes with 600 W of microwave radiation.The higher the temperature for synthesizing todorokite,the shorter the reaction time required.Todorokite could not be obtained at 100 ℃,nevertheless it could be synthesized in 20 minutes when the temperatue reached 140 ℃.In acidic medium,the formation rate of todorokite was low and poor-crystalline phase was produced.Whereas in neutral and alkaline medium,the formation rate of todorokite was high and well-crystalline phase was obtained.

Abstract:Based on street dust sampling in different function area in Guiyang City,the influence of city function on Cd in dust in terms of the total Cd level and the Cd level in different size fractions of dusts in different function area was analyzed.The result showed that the average value of Cd in dusts of Guiyang was 1.28 mg/kg.The level of Cd dusts was indexed in the order of city square＞school＞industry area(residential area)＞traffic area＞commercial area (garbage stations).The effect of city function resulted in three levels of Cd accumulation in dusts.The heavily accumulated area were city square and school area.Materials with high Cd concentrations may lead to the heavy Cd accumulated in dust there.Dusts Cd in commercial area and garbage stations were mainly enriched in fine fraction(≤105 μm ) while those in city squares,school area and residential area were mainly enriched in the medium size fraction(105-250 μm ).There were no significant difference in size fractions in industry and traffic area.The evidence of the least contribution from coarse fraction to Cd in dust was obvious in all function area.

Abstract:One pair of primers was designed based on the 3D gene sequences of porcine kobuvirus,and the two-step RT-PCR assay was established in this study.The positive templates of CSFV，PRRSV，JEV，SIV，PEDV，TGEV，GARV and recombinant plasmids (pMD18T-PEV3D,pMD18T-FMDV3D) which contain either FMDV’s or PEV’s 3D gene were used to test the specificity of the porcine kobuvirus RT-PCR assay we established and the assay showed excellent specificity.Sensitivity test showed that the minimal concentration of positive template the assay can detect is 180 fg/mL.The epidemiology of porcine kobuvirus in Hubei Province was then investigated by applying this assay.Among 165 samples of pigs with diarrhea,118 samples were kobuvirus positive.To investigate the distribution of porcine kobuvirus in different age groups in pig farm with diarrhea,the samples of different age groups from 4 different pig farms were collected.The results clearly indicated that porcine kobuvirus were centralized distributed in the pig group with diarrhea,which suggested that positive relationship exists between diarrhea disease outbreak and porcine kobuvirus.

Abstract:In order to further investigate the sex determination and sex differentiation mechanism of large scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus ,two degenerate primers,SoxN and Sox9, were used to carry out PCR amplification of the genomic DNA and RT-PCR analysis of the gonad tissues.Thirteen genes of the Sox family including pdSox1 , pdSox2,pdSox3 , pdSox4,pdSox11 , pdSox14 , pdSox19 and pdSox21 were cloned from the genomic DNA of P.dabryanus with the SoxN primer and classified as the SoxB and SoxC groups.Another five Sox genes including pdSox8 and pdSox9, with one intron starting at the same position,were obtained by using the Sox9 primer and classified as the SoxE group.Based on the genetic distance of the HMG-box amino acid,all the eighteen pdSox were orthologous to the Sox genes of mouse or zebrafish on the NJ phylogenetic tree.Six of the 13 Sox genes including pdSox4, pdSox8 , pdSox9 , pdSox11 , pdSox14 and pdSox19 had two or more copies.Moreover,the results of RT-PCR and sequence analyses with the Sox9 primer showed that pdSox9a was expressed in the testis whereas pdsox8a was expressed in the ovary.The present results suggested that pdSox8 and pdSox9 were sex-related genes and they might play a role in the sex differentiation of P.dabryanus .

Abstract:The effects of different concentration of fenvalerate on the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and liver and histomorphology of liver and kidney of common carp were studied.The results indicated that in the serum and liver,the activities of SOD in the treatment groups increased first,then decreased,and the activity of SOD in the serum incresed earlier than that in the liver.The activities of SOD in the experimental groups were all significantly lower than that in the control group after exposure in fenvalerate for 21 d ( P <0.01).The content of MDA was significantly increased with the increase of exposing time,especialy between 3 and 14 d after exposure.The result of HE stain dyeing showed that in the liver,hepatic sinusoid dilated and congested,liver cell denatured and dissolved,and even worse,local necrosis appeared,which were more noticeable after exposure in 0.8 μg/L fenvalerate for 21 d and in 4.05 or 20.25 μg/L fenvalerate for 3 d.In the kidney of common carp,renal interstitial cells increased,lymphocytic cell infiltrated,some basement membrane separated from renal tubular,and renal tubular cells hydropic degenerated.The glomerulus shrunk and a large amount of hemosiderin deposited in the high concentration group after exposure for 21 d.The ultramicroscopical observation of liver cells after exposure in high concentration fenvalerate for 21 d showed that the marginal heterochromatined,the rough endoplasmic reticulum swelled,loosed and fratured and lipid droplets increased.The above damage was not only related to the concentration,but also had time accumulative effect.

Abstract:Combined with the previous study and specimens preserved in the collection museum of College of Life Science,China West Normal University,the fish species of Jialing River was investigated and the ichthyologic fauna was analyzed.A total of 156 fish species were present in Jialing River,which belonged to 86 genera,18 families and 7 orders.Traditional method and the value of faunal presence (VFP) method were employed to study the ichthyologic fauna of Jialing River at the levels of order,family and genus respectively.The two methods exhibited two obviously different results.Traditional method indicated that some worldwide distributed families and genera had a small proportion in the Jialing River.However,the VFP method showed that,the proportion of some endemic families and genera turned out to be relatively high.The families Anguillidae and Amblycipitidae with highest VFP,had only one genera distributed in Asia.While the genera Jinshaia and Luciocyprinus ,which had one species distributed through the Yangtze River,exhibited a high VFP of 100%.Thus,in order to obtain a more comprehensive and exact understanding of the Jialing River fish fauna characteristics,the two methods should be used in combination.Furthermore,the ichthyologic fauna of Jialing River and Yangtze River were compared and the results indicated a high similarity.

Abstract:To evaluate the effect of biological controlling of Alitropus typus ,the seasonal variation of Alitropus typus population were monitored via two methods,the trapping way and gill net,in Hejiang River from 2006 to 2010.The results of the seasonal population dynamics indicated that the parasitic number of A.typus was the least from April to June,the life cycle of A.typus was presumed to be one year and the alternation of generations occurred in June annually.However the overlapping between generatations was not significant.In addition,the experimental results showed that Ctenopharyngodon idellus , Mylopharyngodon piceus , Cyprinus carpio were able to prey A.typus, which suggested that these fishes could be potential factors that could biologically cotroll A.typus. For the lowest parasite rate of A.typus appeared from April to June,this period was selected to release C.idellus , M.piceus and C.carpio into Hejiang River each year from 2007 to 2009.A total 1.56 million fish were released into Hejiang River during three years.While the number of A.typus captured by the trapping way gradually decreased since 2008.The number of A.typus in 2010 decreased 85.1% than that in 2006. Cirrhinus molitorella and Hemiculter leucisculus were sampled by gill net placed at the same location from September 2006 to August 2007 and from September 2009 to August 2010.The results indicated that prevalence,mean infection intensity and mean density of A.typus were dramaticallydecreased from September 2009 to August 2010.All the results showed that biological control measures were effective in Hejiang River.

Abstract:Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure total acidity in ‘shatangju’ (Citrus reticulatablanco). The diffuse reflection spectra of 170 intact samples within 500-2 500 nm were collected.The total acidity in intact samples were measured by titration method.After that,the spectra were de-noised using the orthogonal wavelet functions sym8 (level=3).And then the spectra variables were optimized by successive projections algorithm (SPA) and interval partial least squares (iPLS).Finally,the PLS calibration models of intact samples were established and compared.As a result,wavelet de-noising can produce higher SNR and lower RMSE than that of routine method.Wavelength variables were decreased from 2 001 to 14 by biPLS_SPA,and this can help to make the models more concise and robust.The BPNN model produced RP =0.867 and RMSEP=0.061 6 with 14 variables as inputs.

Abstract:ThispaperpresentsamethodbasedonwaveletenergyspectrumandBPneutralnetwork todetectpreservedeggcracks.Firstly,theacousticresponsewascollectedanddecomposedinto6levels withwavelettransform.Thenthewaveletenergyspectrumwasextractedoneverylevel.Theeigenvectorbasedonwaveletpowerspectrum wasformed,whichwasusedastheinputofBPneutralnetwork. The6-20-2BPneutralnetworkwasbuiltbasedon MATLAB.Theexperimentalexampleachieveda crackdetectionrateof88.5% withnormal-shellpreservedeggs,and83.3% withcracked-shellpreservedeggs