Abstract:Seventeen restorer lines with fertility restorer (Rf3/Rf4) and plant hopper resistance (Bph14/Bph15) from B5 genes were obtained with molecular marker-aided selection from recombinant inbred lines constructed through crossing Minghui 63 with B5 and Zhongguoxiangdao.Combining ability,heritabilities and correlation of nine agronomic traits were analyzed using NCII experiment design to cross the 17 restorer lines with 3 wild-abortive type cyto-plasmic male sterile（CMS-WA）lines.The results showed that the general combining ability of nine agronomic traits except tillers per plant were significantly different (P<0.05 and P<0.01).The special combining ability of heading date,grains per panicle and seed setting were highly different(P<0.01).These traits were controlled largely by additive effect.Most traits were affected by sterile lines except plant height and seed setting influenced much more by restorer lines.The broad heritability and narrow heritability of most traits were higher than 60%.Broad heritability and narrow heritability of tillers per plant and yield were lower than 50%.Yield per plant were significantly correlated with tillers per plant,grains per panicle and seed setting at P<0.05and P<0.01.Correlation coefficient were significant at P<0.05 andP<0.01 between general combining ability and phenotypic values for most traits.

Abstract:To develop a wheat genetic transformation system that is not restricted by seasons,this work investigated the optimized conditions and methods for induction and regeneration of multiple shoots directly derived from shoot apical meristem tissues in wheat.The study included the comparisons of three germination media,four induction media,three induction times and three rooting media with three elite wheat cultivars.The results indicated that MB5 basal medium without any hormones was suitable for germination of wheat mature embryos.MB5 basal medium plus 1.0 mg/L TDZ and 0.5 mg/L IBA produced the highest rate of multiple shoot induction.Numbers of multiple shoots increased with the increase of induction time.The suitable time for multiple shoot induction is not more than 30 days.There was no difference among the wheat cultivars in terms of induction rate and number of multiple shoots.The best medium for rooting was 1/2 MS basal medium plus 1.0 mg/L IBA.Regenerated plants derived form multiple shoots showed normal flowering and seeds.These results provide useful methods for regeneration and genetic transformation based on multiple shoots of wheat.

Abstract:The pattern changes of SDS-PAGE protein in sugarcane roots subjected to water stress condition were studied.The sugarcane cultivar ROC22 was used as the plant material and treated with nutrient solution containing 100 g/L polyethylene glycol 6000(PEG 6000) for simulating drought stress.The proteins were isolated from different samples by SDS-PAGE.The results revealed that a new 44.5 ku protein band was appeared stably during 24 h PEG stress,which may be the main regulatory protein responding to water stress.The relative content of 57.1 ku and 29.0 ku protein bands changed actively during 24 h PEG stress,the former increased and the latter decreased markedly at the early PEG stress stage.The relative contents of the 62.7,48.2 and 40.4 ku proteins remained unchanged for a long time at the late PEG stress stage.The most active changes of the protein bands were found at 14 h PEG stress,and a new protein band of 44.5 ku appeared,the 25.5 and 18.9 ku protein bands disappeared while the 81.8,48.2,38.0 and 29.0 ku protein bands declined markedly in roots at the same time. The proteins might play an important role in gene expression and regulation in roots of sugarcane,and its changes could be correlated with the PEG stress.

Abstract:The over-expression and RNAi constructs of AtGLB1were constructed and transformed into Arabidopsis plants with floral dipping method.Northern blot analysis of AtGLB1 expression in homozygous T3 lines of transgenic Arabidopsis showed that AtGLB1mRNA were not identified in lines expressing the AtGLB1RNAi construct,while lines over-expressing AtGLB1 showed a substantially high level of AtGLB1 mRNA compared with the wild-type.The study laid foundation for further researches on the function and application of AtGLB1 gene in agriculture.

Abstract:Four species of genus Aphelenchoides Fischer,1894 nematodes extracted from rhizosphere of potato were described. They were A.indicus Chawla,Bhamburkar,Khan & Prasad, 1968,A.unisexus Jain & Singh,1984, A.angusticaudatusEroshenko,1968 and A. tumulicaudatus Truskova,1973,which were first described on potato in China,among them A.unisexus and A.angusticaudatus were also new geographic record species in China.

Abstract:The additional components of NS and NSP strains of Guangdong isolate of banana bunchy top virus(BBTV) were cloned by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and sequenced. They were denoted BT-NS and BT-NSP respectively. The length of both BT-NS and BT-NSP was 1 094 nucleotides. DNA and amino acids sequences deduced from the DNA fragments were analyzed by basic local alignment search tool(BLAST), the homologies shared 97.3% and 98.4% respectively.However,genome organization of the two additional components genome organization had familiar with regions,putative encoding replication initiation proteins motif. The replicase amino acid sequences associated with BBTV were analyzed by phylogenetic tree. The additional component BBTV NS/NSP isolate and BBTV-S1 were grouped together, while BBTV DNA in Guangdong isolate was outgrouped to BBTV NS/NSP strains additional component.

Abstract:The pathogen that causes strawberry brown bloth disease was identified and proved through a procedure of Koch’s postulation. Pycnidium and conidia were produced in the diseased leaves and PDA medium. The pycnidium was spherical and black. The conidiophores were branching. The conidia was oval or spindle shaped, transparent and single-celled, with the size of (5.7-7.3) mm×(2.0-3.0) mm.Based on the morphological characteristics of conidia and its DNA, the pathogen was identified as Pho-mopsis obscurans (Ellis & Everh.) B.Sutton. The effects of temperature, pH value and other environmental factors on the pathogen growth and sporulation were studied. The result showed that the optimum temperature was 25-30 ℃ and the optimum pH value was 6, and light will promote its mycelial growth and sporulation.

Abstract:The spore number and lesion area of maize gray leaf spot disease caused by Cercospora zeae-maydisTehon & Daniels in different layers and parts of the leaf were studied by using spray inoculation method under the field condition in Kunming,and the relationship between disease severity and the days after inoculation, time-duration of temperature and relative humidity was analyzed.The result indicated that the correlation between lesion development and time-duration of temperature 20-30 ℃,effective accumulated temperature≥10 ℃, days after inoculation, time of relative humidity≥90% and variety resistance was very significant(P＜0.01). Small lesion and few spores appeared on resistant varieties,but big lesion and more spores on the susceptible ones. Lesion occurred largely on the ear leaf and below,in the middle and front of the leaf. The lesion development was mainly longitudinal and altitudinal development was not evident.

Abstract:The tolerance of starvation and thirstresistance of four field collected(Nanning Guangxi,Guangzhou Guangdong,Fuzhou Fujian,Wuhan Hubei),geographical populations of oriental fruit fly,Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel), were compared. Three treatments were set in the experiment: providing water without food,providing food without water and providing no water and food.The results show that the adult males and females,aging 5-days,had stronger tolerance than those of aging 1-day and 10-days, while the tolerance of starvation and thirstiness resistance of those at the age of 1-day was the lowest. The average survival time of the adults at the age of 1-day, 5-days and 10-days under the treatment of providing food without water is longer than those with the treatment of providing water without food. The tolerance of starvation and thirstiness resistance of the adults at the age of 5-days and 10-days from Guangzhou Guangdong population is higher than those of the other three geographical populations.

Abstract:The three fungal fermentation liquid of ZB-4，ZW-3 and XX-8 were used in treating vegetable root-knot nematodes vitro bioassay and in the greenhouse pot experiment.The results showed that: in 24,48,72 hours treatment,all the fermentation liquid of ZB-4，ZW-3 and XX-8 have certain inhibitory effect on root-knot nematodes at different dilution ratios.In 72 hours treatment,the 2 times dilution of the three fungi strains fermentation liquid broth showed the rectified inhibiting efficiencies to J2 as 95.27%,91.27% and 86.58% respectively.The rectified inhibiting efficiencies to J2 of 4 times dilution were 68.52%,84.05% and 60.33% in 72 hours.In greenhouse pot experiment,the 2 times broth of three fungi were used to treat tomato seedlings. After 45 days,compared to the control, the reducing rate of nematodes were up to 46.7%, 43.3% and 36.7% respectively.The controlling efficiencies reached 23.81%,19.52% and 35.71% respectively.Furthermore,our investigation in 22 days and 45 days showed that the 2 times broth could promote the growth of tomatoes. 

Abstract:In this paper,56% MCPA-Na SP(2-methyl-4-chloro-phenoxyacetic acid-Na salt powder) was applied to investigate the control effects of Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.F.),Cyperus difformis L., Eclipta prostrate L. and the influence of weed control on nutrition and crop yield of rice. The results showed that 56% MCPA-Na SP had good control effects on broadleaves and sedge weeds.The overall quantitycontrol effects reached 85.50%-94.48% and the overall fresh control effects reached 88.20%-94.87%.The application of 56% MCPA-Na SP significantly reduced the weeds absorption of nutrition and water,resulting in prominent yield enhancing.

Abstract:Effects of straw ash and sewage sludge on the morphologic changes of cadmium in cadmium contaminated soil were investigated with potted cabbage.The results showed that application of straw ash,sewage sludge can lead to the redistribution of Cd in soil.Application of straw ash,sewage sludge converted soluble and exchangeable Cd in the soil into inertia and organic-bound Cd.The concentration of soluble and exchangeable Cd was decreased 56.60%-68.38%,and organic-bound fraction was increased 166.7%-281.1% in comparison with the control.Inorganic-bound Cd was significantly increased with the largest increase of 72.60%-73.20%.Residual Cd increased 37.93%-112.5% in comparison with the control.Therefore,straw ash and sewage sludge can be applied to repair Cd contaminated soil.

Abstract:In order to explore the mechanism of yield reduction bean planted under Amorpha fruticosa,the allelopathic effect of water extracts of A.fruticosa on the seed germination and seedling growth of soybean and fababean,was investigated.The results showed that the allelopathic effect of water extracts of aerial part of A.fruticosa on soybean and fababean varied.Inhibition effect of water extracts of aerial parts of A.fruticosa on germination of soybean was stronger than that of fababean.The water extracts of A.fruticosa affected seedling height and dry weight,root length and dry weight of soybean,the synthetic inhibitory effect(SE) was in turn -12.77%,-31.35%,-27.24% and -36.76% followed with 6.25,12.5,25,50 mg/mL aerial part extracts,and the SE for fababean was 7.90%,-2.41%,-13.75% and -13.42%,respectively.The allelopathic inhibition rate increased with intense concentration of the water extracts of aerial part,with the SE being -2.44%,-16.88%,-20.75% and -25.09%,respectively.A significant increase in water soluble phenolic content,available phosphorus content and ammonium nitrogen content were recorded in soil amended with T1-T4 compared to unamended soil,and they increase with the increase of the concentration of water extracts of aerial part of A.fruticosa.However,an increase in the biomasses of soybean and/or fababean was not observed due to the increase of the concentration,the phenomenon may be allopathic effect of A.fruticosa on crop nutrient uptake.Main chemical compounds in the fraction extracted by ethyl acetate were formic acid,propionicacid,2-methyl-4-pentenoicacid,benzoicacid,3-phenylpropionicacid,4-hydroxybenzoic acid,DL-tartaric acid,cinnamic acid,4-coumaric acid,succinic acid,syringic acid,3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid,2-methylphenol,2-methylbenzal dehyde,D-limonene,umbelliferone and 7-methoxyxoumarine

Abstract:One new record species of genus Leucoagaricus is reported from China: Leucoagaricus tener(P.D.OrtonBon. Materials were collected from Leiwuqi County, Tibetan Autonomous Region. It is characterized by its deep gray-brownish squamules,ellipsoid basidiospores,subcylindrical,narrowly clavate or fusiform cheilocystidia,trichodermial palisade made up of undifferentiated elements,and clamp-connections absent.

Abstract:To investigate the function of schetR gene in a non-heterocystous cyanobacterium,Schizothrix calcicola,the schetR over-expression vector driven by strong promoter petE was constructed and transformed into hetR mutant in model strain Anabaena PCC 7120.The results showed that the over-expression of schetR could complement the phenotype of Anabaena hetR mutant.This indicates that schetR performs a function of stimulating heterocyst development.

Abstract:The influence of different chlorsulfuron concentration on the soil microbial community structure was detected with fatty acid methyl ester(FAME) analysis and viable count.The result showed that soil microbial community changed after treatment of chlorsulfuron.Actinomycetes were inhibited firstly when the soil was incubated with chlorsulfuron 1 d,but bacteria and fungi had no significant change.Then both actinomycetes and bacteria were inhibited when the soil was incubated with chlorsulfuron 45 d,fungi had no significant change (P<0.05).The result of chlorsulfuron on microbial community structure detected with FAME analysis was consistent with that of the viable count.The order of microbial sensitivity to chlorsulfuron was actinomycetes>bacteria>fungi,and bacteria had some tolerant capacity toward chlorsulfuron.

Abstract:Based on the earlier reports that the saturation model was the most optimal model for prediction of relationship between age and body weight,and the linear model is the most optimal model for prediction of relationship between body weight and backfat thickness of three commercial pig breeds.However,in this study,we adjusted the equations for days and backfat thickness at 50 kg body weight.The robustness for the adjusted equations were evaluated by the simple correlation analysis(CORR) and canonical correlation analysis(CANCORR),between the early and whole period revision value,and the results all reached the extreme difference.It proved that the adjusted equations were suitable,and statistically evident between the early and the entire period traits.Additional,we chose the typical comprehensive index model to carry on comprehensive assess for early and entire period performance,and the Spearman’s rank correlation reached the extreme difference for total selection index between two periods.It showed that the early selection was viable,had very high consistency with the entire period selection under definitely choosing strength.These revised expressions of the expected traits had potential application for breeding selection in farm.

Abstract:Cloning and sequencing of the eighth intron of porcine MX1 gene indicated that a G167A substitution which can be detected by restriction endonuclease HpaⅡ.This polymorphism was analyzed with PCR-RFLP among six foreign and Chinese pig breeds.The analysis results showed that frequencies of allele B in six pig breeds was 0.83,0.89,0.94,0.87,0.89,0.55 in Large White,Landrace,Tongcheng,Qingping,Exi black pig,Large White ×Meishan F2 progeny pigs respectively.Statistical analysis in 180 Large White ×Meishan F2 progeny pigs showed that the HpaⅡ polymorphism in the F2 population was significantly associated with dressing percentage,lean meat percentage,and loin eye height.Additive effects of dressing percentage,loin eye height were significant.Dominance effect of height and lean meat percentage was significant.

Abstract:PMT was purified from sonic extracts of a serotype D strain of toxigenic Pasteurella multocida (T+Pm),with a DEAE-52 sephacel column and a sephadex G-200 column.Western blot confirmed that the toxin could specifically react with antiserum against T+Pm.Cytotoxicity on Vero cells showed that there were pathologically changes after administration of 7 ng/mL purified toxin.The toxin was emulsified with Freund’s adjuvant in equal volumes to get toxoid vaccine.Groups of healthy pigs were vaccinated four times with an interval of two weeks.The neutralization antibody titer of toxoid vaccine detected by the agar gel diffusion test was 1∶16.However,groups of inactivated bacterin and negative control didn’t produce antibodies against the toxin.All pigs were challenged intravenously with compounds of 200 μg toxin and 5 × 109 cfu HN-13 strain of T+Pm.The protection efficiency of toxoid vaccine group was 100%,and the neutralization antibody titer was 1∶32.Inactivated bacterin and negative control groups couldn’t provide any protection.The data revealed that the toxin had immunogenicity and the prepared antiserum could be used to develop diagnosis methods.

Abstract:Possible cardiotoxicity of ephedra to test animal was investigated in variation of pulse,myocardial enzyme spectrum,electrocardiogram and pathologic histology.Fifty-six rabbits were divided into 4 groups randomly with intra-gastric administration of 20.0 g/kg body weight(high dosage),10.0 g/kg body weight(middle dosage),2.0 g/kg body weight(low dosage) concentrated extracts of ephedra,and 10.0 g/kg body weight distilled water(CK)，respectively.Ephedrasolution was administrated for 7 d continually.Pulse(P) and electrocardiogram were measured pre and post ephedra treatment.Blood and myocardium tissues were sampled to assay myocardial enzyme spectrum.Pathologic changes of heart were observed post ephedra treatment.The results showed that pulse slowed down significantly in rabbits treated with high dosage and middle dosage of ephedra.Myocardial enzyme spectrum was in disorder expressed predominately by the significant increase of the enzyme activities.Cardiogram showed abnormality with enhanced amplitudes of P wave and R complex,and increased PR interval.Both high dosage and middle dosage prolonged/reduced QT interval.Damage occurred in myocardial tissue structure as well as the whole heart after ephedra treatment.The results indicated that ephedra affected the heart functions and damaged myocardial tissue structure apparently with dose dependent manner to a certain extent.

Abstract:Whereas it is well documented that Acinetobacter baumannii is associated with human clinical infections，there are few studies to date that reports it as a pathogen for aquatic animal.In the present study，one bacterial strain was isolated from diseased channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) from Qingjiang reservoir，Yichang，Hubei Province，China and named as CH016，which could be cultivated on freshwater agar and formed the round，white，smooth and margin-trim clone.Inoculating the strains to channel catfish for lethality indicated the germ had pathogenicity and the same bacterium could be isolated from these animals.The biochemical tests，the sequence analysis results of 16S rDNA sequence and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the microorganism isolated from channel catfish was A.baumannii.

Abstract:

Abstract:After juice squeezing as standing time prolonged,limonin content changes were determined with HPLC to evaluate delayed bitterness of six sweet oranges(Citrus sinensis Osbeck).The correlation between limonin content in Luzhai sweet orange and the bitterness intensity measured by electronic tongue were analyzed as well.Results showed that during the period of 0-32 h after squeezing,limonin content of juice from Xingguo sweet orange 3-5 underwent significant increase four times to reach a relative high level of (9.03±0.21) mg/L,the same level as that of juice from Tarocco blood orange at 32 h,which then developed a distinctive delayed bitterness in both cultivars.As a bad trait in juice processing,the most serious delayed bitterness was attributed to juice from Newhall navel orange,of which limonin content underwent a significant and the largest increase during 28-30 h and climbed up to (11.12±1.94) mg/L.However,the contents of Frost Valencia orange,Rohde Red Valencia orange and Luzhai sweet orange increased 2.37-2.79 mg/L only at 30 h after squeezing,maintained at the lowest level of 3.55-4.18 mg/L,lower than the threshold of limonin content in juice processing.Thus,debittering will be needed when using Xingguo sweet orange 3-5 and Tarocco blood orange as juice processing cultivars.The results also showed that if measures were taken to inhibit the enzyme activity of limonin D-ring lactone hydorlase before 24 h after juice squeezing,delayed bitterness would be decreased.The application of electronic tongue in delayed bitterness prediction was discussed.

Abstract:1 363 communities of greenways including road greenways,river greenways and green belt were surveyed based on field investigation in Wuhan City.142 plant species belonging to 58 families and 110 genera were recorded.Rosaceae,Oleaceae,Gramineae,Magnoliaceae and Cupressaceae are dominant families.The propotion of local species is 52.8% and that of exotic species is 47.2%.The ratio of tree,shrub and herb are 1.00∶1.58∶0.60,and the ratio of ever-green and deciduous species is nearly 1∶1.The phaenerophyte is absolutely dominant life-form.The applied frequency of Camphor tree［Cinnamomum camphora(L.)］ is the highest among tree species,and that of Loroprtalum chinensis is the highest in shrub species.Evergreen broadleaved forest and deciduous broadleaved forest are dominant vegetation types.Regular forests with arbor are main types.Light favored plants,acidophilous plants,eutrophyte plants and weak-resistant plants grow poorly.

Abstract:Effects of plant hormones,sucrose and active carbon contained in the culture medium on rooting of regenerated shoots were studied using regenerated shoots of Anemone flaccida as explants.The results showed that 1/2 MS supplemented with NAA 0.5 mg/L and IBA 0.5 mg/L,30.0 g/L sucrose as carbon sucrose and added with active carbon 1.0 g/L was suitable for rooting of A.flaccida.Under this medium the rate of rooting can reach up to 93.9%,number of root was 10.5 per explant and length of root was 1.73 cm (the longest).After culturing for 55 d root was more thick and less brown.Rooting system of A.flaccida can be optimized by increasing quantity and quality of regenerated root,thus increasing survival rate of transplanting.

Abstract:One hundred and five yeasts isolated from spontaneous fermentation of Cinsault were identified primarily on Wallerstein laboratory nutrient agar medium and classified by analyzing 26S rDNA D1/D2 domain sequence.Results showed that 105 yeasts were found to be 5 species belonging to 4 genera including Hanseniaspora uvarum,Pichia kluyveri,Candida zemplinin,Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces pastorianus with proportion of 3%,8%,1%,1% and 87%,respectively.The number of the non-Saccharomyces was gradually reducing from 24.7% to 3.9% and 0% during the early,immediate and late stage of spontaneous fermentation.

Abstract:The acid phosphatase(ACP) from grass carp,channel catfish and mud eel muscles were extracted and partial properties of the crude enzyme were investigated.The results showed that the optimal pH values of ACP of grass carp,channel catfish and mud eel muscle were 5.0,5.8 and 5.6,respectively.The optimal temperatures were 60 ℃,37 ℃ and 43 ℃,respectively.ACP of grass carp and mud eel muscle were stable in the pH range of 5-9,while ACP of channel catfish was in the pH range of 5-8.Na+,K+,Mg2+ have no effect on the enzymes,whereas ACP activity was stimulated by Zn2+ and inhibited by Cu2+,Ca2+,Hg2+.ACP activity was also inhibited by cystine,sodium phosphate,sodium pyrophosphate.

Abstract:The growth kinetics of Listeria monocytogenes in broth under different temperatures were investigated and the models established were validated.Firstly,Gompertz model was employed to describe the growth of L.monocytogenes at constant temperatures as a function of storage time.Secondly,Linear model,Square root model and Ratkowsky model were established for the obtained maximum growth rate,and then current models were verified by several indices such as the sum of squares due to error (SSE),coefficient of determination(R2),adjusted R2and root mean square error(RMSE).The results showed that Ratkowsky model had a better statistic fitness than the other two models and the verification indicated the model established was able to make reliable prediction in the future.

Abstract:The dry cell weight of T.glabrata reached to 3.5 g/L when 30 g/L of gluconate was presented in the culture medium.When 10 g/L of gluconate was supplemented to the culture broth with 90 g/L of glucose at 16 h,the dry cell weight,the rate of glucose consumption and the pyruvate production were increased by 7.96%,13.04% and 32.81%,respectively.The enhancement of glucose consumption and pyruvate production rate were due to the fact that the concentration of NAD+increased by 29.73% while the concentration of ATP and the ratio of NADH/NAD+ decreased 26.89% and 8.50%,respectively.The decrease in the intracellular NADH and ATP level decreased the inhibition effect of NADH and ATP,thus significantly increased the glycolytic ratio.

Abstract:The paper introduced the design of a portable cotton moisture meter with BP nerve net(NN) of 2-6-1 topology for non linear correction of water and temperature compensation and the device adopted the RC/F and AIFCS technologies to improve the capacity of resisting disturbance to the signal. The meter was tested and the results showed that the measure error was less than ±0.4%（moisture 5%-15%) or ±0.5%(moisture 15%-25%) when the temperature was -20-50 ℃. The device avoided the influence of temperature variety to moisture, increased the anti-jamming capacity of measure signal and satisfied the actual requirements of cotton moisture measure.