Abstract:In order to identify grain quality of rice plants with different panicle type,42 rice varieties were tested.Taking with panicle erectness,grain density,single panicle weight and plant height,the cultivars were classified into erect,semi-erect and curve panicle types; dense,semi-dense and loose panicle types; heavy,middle and light panicle types; height,middle,semi-dwarf and dwarf haulms,respectively.The effects of agronomic traits and physiological characteristics on quality were analysed.The results showed that curve,semi-dense and light panicle types,and height haulm had little chalky grains and small chalkiness were good appearance quality.Semi-erect,loose and middle panicle types,and middle haulm had high brown rice rate,milled rice rate and head rice rate,so they had good processing quality.Curve,loose and heavy panicle types,and middle haulm had big gel consistency,small amylose content,with cooking and eating quality.Erect,loose and light panicle types, and short haulm had high protein content with good nutritional quality.Suitable reducing neck-panicle node width,panicle length,secondary rachis branches and grain density was beneficial to quality.When photosynthesis rate was on 13.6 μmol/(m2?s) at the maturity stage,it should have good cooking quality.The chlorophyll content was negatively associated with processing,or cooking,quality,but was beneficial to nutritional quality.Maintaining larger LAI at the maturity stage was beneficial to processing quality,but was unfavorable for nutritional quality.

Abstract:Using leaves,petioles and roots of Saussurea involucrate as explants,the effect of plant hormones on callus induction in MS medium was studied.The results showed that the medium containing NAA was better than other media.Comparing with whole explants,callus induction of leaves and roots,petioles and roots differed significantly.The inducing effect of roots,leaves and petioles was 100%,98% and 44%,respectively.Using the combination of NAA and 6-BA,callus induction of leaves,petioles and roots differs significantly as well.The induction effect of leaves,petioles and roots was 98%,64% and 23%,respectively.

Abstract:In the present paper,one new species of the genus CoptotettixBolivar and first discovered female Ergatettix minutus Ingrisch are described. Type specimens are kept in the Institute of Zoology,Shaanxi Normal University. Coptotettix spicupennis sp. nov. (Fig. 1)。This new species is close to Coptotettix longtanensis Zheng et Jiang, 2004, but differs in: 1)vertex protruding before the anterior margin of eyes; 2)antennae inserted the lower one third of anterior margin of eyes; 3)lateral ocelli placed upper one third of anterior margin of eyes; 4)humeral angle obtuse rounded; 5)with a pair long and slightly curved longitudinal keels between shoulders; 6)lower margin of midfemur straight; 7)hind margin of subgenital plate of female with a triangular protuberance in the middle.Length of body: ♂7.0~8.0 mm, ♀10.0~10.2 mm; length of pronotum: ♂8.0~8.5 mm, ♀9.0~9.5 mm; length of hind femur:♂5.0~5.5 mm, ♀6.5~7.0 mm. Holotype ♀, Xizang,Motuo, 29°1′N,95°4′E, 1 300 m, 2003Ⅷ15, collected by Ren Guodong; Paratypes, 1♀1♂,same date as holotype; 2♂Xizang,Motuo, 1 100 m, 2003Ⅷ14, collected by Ren Guo-dong.Etymology: The specific name is derived from the Latin "spicu" and "pennis".

Abstract:The root cap cells of CB37 and NB37 were divided into 4 groups,in which 3 groups were induced by 50 μg/mL,100 μg/mL,150 μg/mL of Helminthosporium maydis C toxin(HMC toxin) as the experimental group, and one group induced by pH 6.5 PBS as the control group. The inducing time was 1 h, 4 h and 7 h. The apoptosis of root cap cell was examined with 3 methods: neutral red and Evans blue staining, AO and EB staining and Hoechst 33258 staining. In the process of induction with HMC toxin, apoptotic bodies appeared in root cap cells and the chromosome morphology became marginate. Living and death cells could be clearly detected after Neutral red and Evans blue staining and the ratio of death in CB37 cells treated with 150 μg/mL HMCtoxin was higher than that of NB37 with the maximum death rates of 99.2% and 95.5%. Living, necrosis and apoptosis cells could be distinguished clearly by AO and EB complex staining and Hoechst 33258 staining. The ratio of apoptosis in cells of CB37 was much higher than that of NB37, the max ratio of apoptosis cells of CB37 and NB37 were 70.2％ and 36.7％. In contrast, the max ratio of apoptosis cells of CB37 and NB37 were 74.5％ and 30.7％ stained by Hoechst 33258 respectively. The max ratio of apoptosis in CB37 and NB37 occurred in 150 μg/mL HMC toxin treated for 7 h. Therefore, a conclusion can be made as follows: during the process of the "harm" by HMC toxin, apoptosis appeared in the root cap cells, the ratio of apoptosis in C cytoplasm was higher than that in N cytoplasm. Along with the increase of the toxin concentration and treating time, the ratio of apoptosis became higher. In spite of the different staining methods by AO and EB or by Hoechst 33258, the ratio of the cell apoptosis was similar. But the early and late apoptotic cells can be distinguished only by AO and EB complex staining.

Abstract:The phytoactivity of chloroform extracts from Celosia argenteas Linn. root was measured by bioassay on testees including Oryza sativa L., Nicotiana tabacum L., Bidens pilosa L., Eclipta prostrate L., Ludwigia prostrata Roxb., Leptochloa chinensis (Linn.) Nees and antifungal activity on Sclerotinia sclerotiovum (Lib.) de Bary, Alternaria solani Jones et Grout.,Fusarium graminearum Schw., Dothiorella gregaria Sacc. was also measured. The results suggested that the extracts did not significantly inhibit the seed germination of O.sativa at 250~4 000 μg/mL, but significantly inhibited seed germination of L.prostrata, seedling root length ofN.tabacum, E.prostrate, L.prostrata, and seedling height of O.sativa, B.pilosa. Otyer relative other traits of these six plants were significantly inhibited only over 250 μg/mL. The extracts did not significantly inhibit the growth of F.graminearum at 250~4 000 μg/mL, but significantly inhibited the growth of A.solani with an inhibition rate from 23.63% to 61.01%.The growth of S.sclerotiovum and D.gregaria was significantly inhibited only over 1 000 μg/mL. It could be concluded that chloroform extracts from C. argenteas root had the potential to be developed as biopesticides.

Abstract:The influence of Bacillus thuringiensis on the growth and development of Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) larva was reported in this research by applying half manual feedstuff mixed with drug. The result indicated that Bacillus thuringiensis didn′t have obvious poison effect against Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) larva.When the dosage concentration was no more than 20 000 IU/g, the Bacillus thuringiensis didn′t markedly affect the survival of Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) larva,which is similar to the contrast group at 7 days. At the same time,when the dose was no less than 2 500 IU/g,Bacillus thuringiensis.could markedly restrain the pupate and eclosion action of this pest.

Abstract:The virulence of five different concentrations of isolate of Beauveryia bassiana named MZ041016 against adult, larvae and pupae of Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendal) was tested in laboratory. Large amount of Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendal) of each stage were killed at the concentration 3.6×105 spores/mL.The mortality of 3.6×105 spores/mL against adult was 95.45%, and the lethal time(LT50) of this concentration was 3.562 d.The lethal concentration(LC50) of eight day after treatment was 2.14×105 spores/mL. The mortality of 3.6×108 spores/mL against larvae was 95.94%, and the lethal time(LT50) of this concentration was 4.926 d.The lethal concentration(LC50) of eight day after treatment was 3.03×105 spores/mL. The mortality of 3.6×108 spores/mL against pupae was 78.15%, and the lethal time(LT50) of this concentration was 5.358 d.The lethal concentration(LC50) of eight day after treatment was 3.31×105 spores/mL. The isolate of Beauveryia bassiana named MZ041016 had virulence against adult, larvae and pupae Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendal) in laboratory, and the application prospect of it in field should be feasible. The result provided a scientific basis for the pollution-free production of fruit and biology control of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendal) in field.

Abstract:Trifolium repens Linn. is one of the familiar herbs in agricultural production and it is significant to study how to control it. Effects of physiology and biochemistry of the mixture of fluroxypr mepthyl and paraquat(4∶1, the proportion of effective ingredients) against T.repens were studied with pot screening,including conductivity,oxygen free radical produced rate,acetolactate synthase(ALS) activity and so on,with fluroxypr mepthyl and paraquat as controls. The results indicated that the mixture treatment showed very strong synergism against T.repens' conductivity and oxygen free radical produced rate,which the M value of the actual to the theoretical inhibition ratio of conductivity was 789.44 after 2 days treatment and the M value of the actual to the theoretical inhibition ratio of oxygen free radical produced rate was 262.12 after 4 days treatment. The addition function was also displayed on ALS activity with the M value of 104.12 after 2 days treatment. Therefore,the synergism proportion is worthy of a further study.

Abstract:In this research,15% Topik wettable powder(WP) was applied to investigate the control effects of Avena fatua L. and the influence of weed control on sunlight, nutrition and crop yield of winter wheat. The results showed that 15% Topik WP had good control effects on Avena fatua L.. The density and fresh control effects reached 97.27%～100.00% and 98.86%～100.00% respectively. The application of Topik significantly improved the light conditions in winter wheat fields and reduced the weeds absorption of nutriton and moisture，resulting in a significant acceleration of photosynthesis and prominent effects of yield enhancing.

Abstract:Using the best subset regression technique,the quantitative structure-retention relationships(QSRR) of 35 organophosphate compounds on three different polar stationaries were established with topological indices as structural descriptors.All three QSRR models had good calibration ability.The cross-validation and external-validation showed that the corresponding QSRR model had strong predictive power.Monte Carlo simulation on R2,SE and coefficients of different QSRR models demonstrated that Monte Carlo method can be used to analyze the robustness of QSRR models.

Abstract:A cDNA library of Astragalus sinicus L. genes specifically expressed in infected roots by Mesorhizobium huakuii 7653R was generated by using a PCR-based suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique with two mRNA populations of infected and uninfected roots.A total number of approximately 527 SSH cDNA clones were obtained,including 341 up-regulated gene clones and 186 down-regulated gene clones.The full-length cDNA sequence of up-regulated AsB6 gene was obtained by RACE and analyzed through Blasting,GenBank,GenBank EST and Tiger Porcine EST.AsB6 gene showed 66% similarity with a-etoacyl-ketoacyl synthase and SAM dependent carboxyl methyltransferase in Medicago truncatula.The temporal and spatial expression pattern of AsB6 was estimated using quantitative fluorescence real-time RT-PCR analysis.It was found that its expression level,induced by M.huakuii 7653R,in infected roots and nodule was significantly enhanced,and it reached the peak level during the early period of nodulation.The results suggested the symbiotic function of AsB6 gene might involved in the rhizobium infection,nodulation and maintenance of nodule metabolism.

Abstract:The lactase gene(lac4) was amplified from the genome of Kluyveromyces lactis through polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and then cloned into Escherichia coli expression vector pET-28a(+),and the lac4 gene was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli21,enzyme activity reached （44.78±2.84）U/mL.The recombinant lactase was purified with affinity chromatography technology,then analyzed by SDS-PAGE,its molecular weight was approximate 122 ku.The optimal reaction conditions of lactase such as temperate,pH were 43 ℃ and 7.0,its half-life was 30 min at 37 ℃.It was very stable on the condition of pH 4.0 to10.0,and can be greatly activated by Ca2+，Zn2+，Fe2+，Co2+，Mg2+，Mn2+,its specific activity was (255.55±2.32) U/mg,the response constant Km was 3.49 mmol/L,the maximum reaction velocity vmax was 4.22 mmol/（min·mg）.

Abstract:A novel bioflocculant HBF-3 produced by deep-sea Halomonas sp.V3a′was used to remove Congo red from simulated dye wastewater.The effects of HBF-3 concerntration,pH and temperature on the dye removal were studied.With the increasing of HBF-3 concentration,the removal rate increased,when the concentration was 100 mg/L,the removal rate to 200 mg/L Congo red was up to 83.7%.In the range of pH 5.0-6.0,the removal rate was only 41.1%,but it kept about 88.7% in the optimal pH range of 7.0-9.0.Simultaneously,HBF-3 performed well over a wide temperature (10-70℃) range.In addition,the removal efficiency of HBF-3,active carbon and chitosan were also compared.

Abstract:A bacterial strain CP5 was isolated from a sewage water sample of a chemical factory using enrichment cultivation with phenol as a carbon source.Several aromatic compounds could be used as carbon sources for its growth.Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence showed that it belonged to Pseudomonas.A DNA fragment of catechol-2,3-dioxygenase gene was obtained by PCR.Its coding protein showed a sequence similarity (99%) with the dioxygenases of P.putida NCIB 9816-4 and P.fluorescens PC20.Strain CP5 has potential use in the bioremediation of environmental contamination with aromatic compounds.

Abstract:In this study, we obtained the sequence of intron 2 of the porcine MRLC2 gene from Yorkshire,Landrace and Meishan pig. Eighteen SNPs and 8 bases deficiency were detected by sequence analysis. The single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) of C179T in intron 2 was significantly associated with dressing percentage. The SNP showed significantly additive effect. Individuals of the CC genotype had significantly higher dressing percentage than those of TT and CT genotype. CC genotype had significantly higher meat marbling than TT genotype and CT genotype.

Abstract:A series of in vitro studies were performed to evaluate the effects of unsaturated C18 fatty acid-rich oils and linolenic acid on rumen fermentation and methanogenesis with a high-grain substrate.In oil screening experiment,rapeseed oil,soybean oil and linseed oil were used as tested additives.Rumen fluid from sheep was incubated with ground corn with or without oil supplementation (10% of substrate DM) for 24 h to monitor rumen products.Gas production and methane emission decreased with addition of unsaturated C18 fatty acid-rich oils except rapeseed oil.Soybean oil and linseed oil increased total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and molar proportion of propionate.In dose-response experiment,the most potent additives——linseed oil,and free linolenic acid were further tested to determine dose-response of rumen fermentation.Linseed oil and free linolenic acid were added to basal substrate at 0%,3%,5%,7% and 9%,respectively.Linseed oil and linolenic acid decreased methane emission significantly and altered rumen fermentation toward more propionate production by supplementation at 5% and 3%,respectively.These results suggested that some unsaturated C18 fatty acid-rich oils and free linolenic acid could be used for improving rumen fermentation under high-grain diet,and the effect of vegetable oils on methane emission was concerned with the type and inclusion levels.In the present study,methane formation was decreased significantly with increasing levels and unsaturation of fatty acids in vegetable oils.

Abstract:In the present study,rabbit mesentery was fixed in three different fixatives and stained with thionine and thionine-toluidine blue respectively in order to find a good method to display mast cells.The results showed that lots of positive mast cells with light background could be presented clearly by Carnoy fixative and thionine staining.In addition,degranulation of some mast cells could be observed clearly.However,it was difficult to observe positive mast cells by Carnoy fixative and thionine-toluidine blue staining because of high interferential background.Only a little positive mast cells could be observed through formaldehyde-alcohol fixative and the two staining methods.Neutral formalin blocked the staining of mast cells completely,for neither of the staining methods could display mast cells.Most of the positive mast cells were distributed along the blood vessels.The results demonstrated that Carnoy and thionine were superordinary fixative and staining solution for clearly displaying mast cells of rabbit mesentery,respectively.

Abstract:A set of six specific primers were designed based on glycoprotein gene of hirame rhabdovirus(HRV) using Primer Explorer V3 software.The parameter of reaction time and temperature was optimized.The primers were specific with HRV and could not amplify spring viraemia of carp virus(SVCV),infectious pancreatic necrosis virus(IPNV),infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus(IHNV),marine birnavirus(MABV),viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus(VHSV) or viral nervous necrosis virus(VNNV).The detection limit of LAMP assay was approximately 30 fg HRV RNA,which was 100-fold higher than that of conventional RT-PCR.The LAMP reaction could be finished within an hour and clinical fish samples were detected using LAMP.The results showed that 3 fish out of 40 samples were infected with HRV by LAMP assay,which was consistent with virus isolation method.The LAMP assay has great potential in field diagnosis of early HRV infection.

Abstract:Two hundred and eighteen bacteria strains isolated from intestinal tract of cultured Pelteobagrus fulvidraco were used for testing the producing zymogenicities of protease,lipase and amylase,the antagonistic against five common pathogenic bacterias and the antibiotic sensitivity.The toxicity of strain HS140 screened as potential probiotic for Pelteobagrus fulvidraco was evaluated.HS140 was identified according to its morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as homology analysis of 16S rRNA sequences.The results indicated that HS140 had high ectoenzyme-producing ability and could produce chemical substances inhibitor to Edwardsiella tarda,Aeromonas sobria and Vibrio anguillarum.HS140 was resistant to ampicillin,sulfamethoxazole,VI cefradine,but sensitive or medium sensitive to the other 13 kinds of antibiotics.It was safe for Pelteobagrus fulvidraco when they were challenged by a high immersion concentration of HS140 at 108cfu/mL.Morphology observation showed that HS140 was gram-positive,rod,motile.The results revealed that strain HS140 comprised sequences more related to Bacillus licheniformis(99.3%) from partial 16S rRNA sequences.The identification showed that strain HS140 was Bacillus licheniformis by the way of morphology,biochemistry characteristic and 16S rRNA sequence homology analysis.

Abstract:In order to study the effect of fructooligosaccharides on non-specific immunity of Ctenopharyngodon idellus,the fish were fed with diets containing fructooligosaccharides 0,0.5,2 and 4 g/kg respectively for 56 days.Phagocytic activity of leukocytes,lysozyme activity and the content of complement C3 and C4 in serum were studied on 0,7th,14th,21st,28th,42nd and 56th day.The results showed that the immune indexes of experiment groups were markedly enhanced,especially in the group of 2 g/kg fructooligosaccharides in diet (P<0.05).The group with 2 g/kg addition in diet had lower mortality than the other groups.We suggested that 2 g/kg addition was suitable from the aspects of immunity and economy.

Abstract:The effects of sodium selenite(Na2SeO3) on the morphology,growth and antioxidant capacity of channel catfish ovary cell(CCO) were investigated by inverted microscope and the method of MTT.The results showed the effects of Na2SeO3 on CCO were in dose response and related with time.Low doses of Na2SeO3 had little effect on CCO,while higher dose(≥5 μmol/L) significantly inhibited the cell viability and finally induced cell death.The longer the incubation time was,the stronger the damage was.Na2SeO3 at high concentration(≥10 μmol/L) induced CCO oxidative damage due to its oxidant properties.Significant decreases in activities of SOD and GSH-Px were observed.The level of lipid peroxidatioin(the content of MDA) and the release of LDH increased significantly.

Abstract:Mature fruits of Guoqing No.1 and No.3 satsuma mandarins (Citrus unshiu Marc.) were stored under 4 ℃ and ambient temperature.Limonin and naringin contained in pulp of the fruits were determined during storage by high performance liquid chromatography.Results showed that:nomilin was under detection level in the pulp,while naringin content was 10 times as much as limonin upon harvesting.Irrelevant to storage temperatures,contents of limonin and naringin in both cultivars increased in a general aspect,but changes were much acute for fruits stored under4℃ comparing with those in ambient temperature.Furthermore,storage under 4 ℃ inducing significant content changes of limonin and naringin in pulp of Guoqing No.1 at several stages,thus,Guoqing No.1 was assumed to be more sensitive to the low temperature than Guoqing No.3.Low temperature as 4℃ stimulated the increase of bitterness content,especially in limonin,while 0-20 d was the sensitive period after storage.

Abstract:In order to find the suitable diameter distribution model for primary forest and secondary in Baisha County,Hainan Province.Five statistical distribution models:negative exponential model,limiting line model,logarithmic J-shape model,power exponential model and Weibull distribution model were selected and compared.The results showed that negative exponential model and Weibull distribution model are suitable models for modeling works,especially for the stem number of larger DBH classes in the tropical rain forests.

Abstract:Veterinary antibiotics are extensively used as prophylactics,theraputical medicines,growth promotors and additives in livestock production.The antibiotics are excreted mostly unmetabolized in feces and urine after administration to livestock.After entering into the soil,the residues undergo some processes of sorption,transportation,degradation and so on.These behaviors will determine the potential effects of antibiotics in the soil such as inducing antibiotic resistance genes,disrupting indigenous microbial populations or contaminating groundwater,and even surface water.Based on the recent researches developments in the recent years,a summary is presented on the performance of veterinary antibiotics in the soil and directions of future research are recommended as well.

Abstract:Both root knot morphology and its huge cell number and size depend on the interacting parties between plants and its parasite nematodes Meloidogyne spp..Based on comparing root knot's texture and growth,it is firstly proposed in this paper that plant root-knots are classified into two types:single root knot and multiple root knot,and the growth process of the host plant′s root-knot is divided into 4 periods,namely,induction,development,maturation and deterioration. Compounds from root-knot are greatly different from those of apical cells in root. These genes include cell cycle genes,mitotic cyclin genes,cell wall cleaving protease genes,cell membrane function genes and cell metabolism genes, which are closely linked to the texture and compounds of plant root-knot caused by Meloidogyne spp..