Abstract:Growth and development characteristics and yield formation of the rice of precision hill-drop drilling were studied comparing with manual spreading,manual transplanting.Results showed that precision hill-drop drilling shortened the total growing period of rice,improved individual and the biological production area index,and reduced the total leaf age of the main stem.The tiller of precision hill-drop drilling was strong and powerful,low-leaf tiller,tiller occurred early and the peak of tillering appeared early,and the total tiller per unit area increased as well.Effective rice panicle of precision hill-drop drilling was 263.63 panicles per m2,increased by 24.63% and 15.25% more than manual spreading and transplanting,and its actual yield was 14.92% and 4.59% higher than manual spreading and transplanting,respectively.

Abstract:n order to optimize the tissue culture conditions of Indica rice,the effects of trace elements on calli inducing and browning rate of Indica Yuetai B (YTB) were studied based on N6 culture medium.The results showed that inducing rate of calli wasn’t affected significantly by the concentration of minor elements,whereas the browning rate was the strongly affected.The browning rate was the lowest,which was 10.35%,on the 1.2×concentration of trace elements medium.More importantly,the status of calli was compact with good viability.The browning rate of 0.8×concentration was intermediate with 26.15%,whereas that of 1.0×concentration treat was the highest with 44.55%.

Abstract:The grain yield and quality of waxy wheat variety Huanuo 1 under different nitrogen application rate and plant density were studied.The results showed that the grain yield increased and the grain coarse protein content decreased significantly,with the number of basic seedlings increased from 1.2million to 2.4 million per hm2.While with the number of basic seedlings increased from 2.4 million to 3.0 million per hm2,the grain yield increased with no obvious variation,the flour dough development time was shortened and the farinogram parameters value decreased obviously.The grain yield,the content of grain coarse protein and wet gluten and the farinogram parameters value increased simultaneously,with nitrogen application rate improved from 75 kg/hm2 to 225 kg/hm2.However,with nitrogen application rate increased to 300 kg/hm2 ,the grain yield and the farinogram parameters value reduced,the content of grain coarse protein and wet gluten improved slightly.Under this experimental condition,2.4 million basic seedlings per hm2 and 225 kg/hm2 nitrogen application rate were the optimal combination for obtaining higher grain yield and better quality of waxy wheat variety Huanuo 1.

Abstract:The Teredorus Hancock from China and adjacent countries was reviewed,with 22 species recorded, including two new species: Teredorus taibeiensis sp. nov. and Teredorus brachinota sp.nov.,and a new combination Teredorus graveli(Gunther,1939),com.nov.. The type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology,Shaanxi Normal University.Teredorus taibeiensis Zheng et Xu,sp.nov.(Fig.1)This new species is allied to Teredorus bipulvillus Zheng(2006) and Teredorus bashanensis Zheng(1993). It differs from both in: 1)frontal ridge concave before eyes in profile; 2)vertex and frontal ridge forming right angle and protruding before eye in profile; 3)length of pronotum about 6.5 times as long as length of hind process which is beyond hind femur. It differs from the former in: 1)head protruding above the pronotum; 2)first segment of hind tarsi with three pulvilli. It differs from the latter in:1)length of elytra 3.1 times its width; 2)width of midfemur narrower than the width of elytra.Length of body: ♀14.0~14.2 mm; length of pronotum: ♀13.5~14.0 mm; length of hind femur: ♀7.5~7.7 mm.Holotype ♀,Shaanxi: Taibei, 107°3′ E, 34°N,13-July-2005,collected by Xu Sheng-quan; paratype 1♀, same data as holotype.Etymology: The specific name is derived from the type locality “Taibei”.Teredorus brachinota Zheng et Xu,sp.nov.(Fig.2)This new species is allied to Teredorus guizhouensis Zheng(1993) but differs in : 1)length of body 3.3 times its width; 2)hind process of pronotum surpassing the top of hind femur about 0.4 mm; 3)length of pronotum about 20 times as long as length of hind process which is beyond hind femur; 4)length of elytra 2.14 times its width; 5)width of midfemur larger than the width of elytra; 6)third pulvillus of first segment of hind tarsi larger than the first and second pulvilli; 7)lower outer side of hind femur not black.Length of body: ♂7.5 mm; length of pronotum: ♂8 mm; length of hind femur: ♂8 mm.Holotype ♂, Henan: Neixiang, 111°8′E, 33°1′N,21-July-2004,collected by Xu Sheng-quan.Etymology: The specific name is derived from the Greece “brachy” and “nota”.

Abstract:The maize leaves were pretreated respectively by low concentraion Helminthospolium maydisT-toxin(HMT-T),protein and cell-wall, which were extracted from cultivating filtrate at the stage of three-leaf, and then these leaves were treated by high concentration HMT-T and cultivated 5 d. The dimension of spots in infected leaves was calculated and phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL) activity determined. The result showed that only the HMT-T could act as elicitor in the cultivating filtrate. The suitable concentration of HMT-T was different for various varieties. As to TC103 the suitable concentration of toxin was 0.025 μg/mL and the PAL activity of maize leaves reached its maximum degree in this case. The right concentration of TB37 and TMo17 were 0.025 μg/mL and 0.050 μg/mL respectively.

Abstract:The purpose of the experiment is to establish an evaluation method of garlic resistance to tip blight.According to the results of field investigation, the experiment collected 3 cultivars G087,G064,G039 with different disease resistance to garlic tip blight as the identification cultivars.The spore suspension concentration,the spore inoculation position and the culture temperature after inoculation and the plant age for in vitro identification and the methods for in vivo identification have been compared and screened. The investigating disease index and the cultivar resistant types were measured and the best in vitro identification results which was in agreement with the resistance level of the identification cultivars were gotten under the conditions as follows: the inoculating leaves at 4~5 leaf stage of plant, inoculating on leaf face or leaf back, inoculating spores at the concentration of 106/mL,culturing the inoculated leaves at the temperature of 21℃ for 7 days.Both in vitro and in vivo identification results were in agreementwith field disease resistance of the identification cultivars. However，the in vitro identification was simpler and faster than the in vivo identification.The established in vitro identification technology in this experiment is simple in method, short in identification cycle duration and accurate in result, which can be used to evaluate the disease resistance of garlic germplasm resources to tip blight.

Abstract:In order to determine and contrast the mode of action and cell toxicity mechanism of six botanical alkaloids(namely,harmaline,camptothecin, ricinine, matrine, macleay cordata and nicotine) against insect cell line,the apoptotic bodies, the inhibition of cell proliferation and the cell cycle phases were investigated by inverted phase contrast microscope, MTT test, and flow cytometry, respectively. The results showed that obvious apoptotic bodies appeared in Spodoptera litura cultured cell line SL-1 after 48~60 h treatments with harmaline at concentrations of 5.0 μg/mL and 20.0 μg/mL or camptothecin at concentrations of 0.5 μmol/L and 1.0 μmol/L.12~48 h after the same treatments, it showed obvious inhibition of cell proliferation and G2/M arrest of SL-1. It also showed that similar inhibitive effect on cell proliferation and G2/M arrest on SL-1 cell line after the treatments with macleay cordata alkaloid and ricinine at the concentrations of 5.0 μg/mL and 20.0 μg/mL respectively, but no obvious apoptosis induction. The only significant SL-1 cell line proliferation inhibition was got after the treatment with nicotine and matrine at the concentrations of 5.0 μg/mL and 20.0 μg/mL. These results provided some valuable information to the investigation of the diversity of activities of botanical alkaloids against insect pests and their cell toxicity mechanism.

Abstract:The indoor and outdoor survey and observation have been applied to study the morphological characteristics,life cycle and habits of the new pests of Azpeytia shirakii Hurkmans(Diptera:Syrphidae) in Gastrodia elata Blume.The results showed that the pest proliferates two generations in one year, and lives over-winter via pupae. Adults will appear in early April in the second year. In late June to the middle August, larvae will live over-summer through pupation and over-winter via pupae in the late October. The peak time of oviposition of the first generation is in May, and the peak time of larva emergence is in late May to the middle June. The peak time of oviposition of the second generation is in late August to the early September, and the peak time of larva emergence is from early September to early October. A.shirakiiis active mainly in the daytime. And the mating time is generally during 10:00-17:00,and the sites of ovipositon were chosen in damp places with organic waste around. The over-winter pupae may crawl to the surface layer of soil during sunny days and return to the hole when it encounters coldness.

Abstract:Microcapsule suspensions containing photoactivatable compound 2,5-diphenylethynylthiophene were prepared by interfacial polymerization with trimer of isophorone diisocyanate and diethylenetriamine.The surface morphology and diameter of microcapsules were studied by scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence optical microscopy.The release characterization,preliminary microencapsulated efficiency,thermal stability and bioactivity of the microcapsules were investigated.The results showed that microcapsules were spherical,the preliminary microencapsulated efficiency were higher than 90%.Comparing with the 2,5-diphenylethynylthiophene,the microcapsule showed good bioactivity to the second-instar larvae of pieris rapae,but more importantly,the lasting period was extended.

Abstract:Influences of different concentration of Al3+ on the roots of pea(Pisum sativum) were studied by determining root elongnation,callose production,activity of peroxide(POD) and hematoxylin stain of root apices after treated by Al3+for 24 h.The results showed that root elongation was obviously inhibited and activity of POD decreased with the increase of Al3+ concentration.Callose content increased with the increase of Al3+ concentration and significantly increased at Al3+ concentration over 50 μmol/L accompanied with heavy hematoxylin stain.These results indicated that Al3+inhibited root growth and the sensitive concentration of Al3+ to root tip of pea is 50 μmol/L.

Abstract:he multi-sequence homologous alignment of PipX in cyanobacteria and the conserved sequences were analyzed by bioinformatics softwares and websites such as NCBI,Expasy and so on.The secondary structure and structural domain of PipX was predicted and pipX gene clusters were dissected.The phylogenetic tree of 16S rDNA in cyanobacteria was constructed.In addition,the phylogenetic relationships among PipX,NtcA and PⅡ were studied by constructing phylogenetic trees of these genes.The results indicated that PipX is an important regulation protein in the nitrogen metabolism of cyanobacteria in addition to NtcA and PⅡ,and might have important physiological functions.

Abstract:A bacterium strain Z5,which can degrade 2-methylisoborneol efficiently,was isolated from sewage samples collected from the sewage treatment plant of Wuhan.This strain was identified as Enterobacter cloacae via the analysis of 16S rDNA.The results of the sole carbon source assay demonstrated that this stain was able to metabolize 2-MIB and the degradation rate was up to 89.7% determined by GC-MS.The growth of E.cloacae Z5 in 2-MIB at different concentrations were also determined and the growth curve in 16 μg/L 2-MIB was found to be as good as that in LB.To clone the gene coding for the key enzyme catalyzing the degradation of 2-MIB and to further investigate the degradation pathway,the global genome BAC library of E.cloacae Z5 was constructed.There were 810 clones in the library.The average size of inserts and the genome coverage was 40 kb and about 8-folds,respectively.

Abstract:Based on the result of sequence analysis,there are three homologues of PCNA in Crenarchaeaon Sulfolobus islandicus and PCNA1 was selected as the subject of the current study.To obtain soluble protein of PCNA1 and its polyclonal antibody for studying the function of PCNA1 gene,the fragment of PCNA1 gene was amplified and cloned into the expression vector pET30a.Induced by IPTG,soluble protein of interest could be obtained.The protein was purified by metal chelate affinity chromatography and its purity and content were detected with UV-spectrophotometric method.Rabbits were immunolized by PCNA1 protein.The titer and specificity of polyclonal antibody were detected with indirect ELISA assay and Western blotting.The result of UV-spectrophotometric method showed that its purity reached at least 90% and the protein concentration was about 2 mg/mL.The titer of antiserum was as high as 1∶10 000,with a very high specificity detected by the Western blotting.

Abstract:The denaturation of lysozyme was analyzed under two different denaturants (ethanol,dimethyl sulphoxide(DMSO)) using differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and the isoconversional method.The lysozyme denaturation temperature tm increased slowly with the increase of the scan rate in the presence/absence of denaturants.The denaturants accelerated the denaturation of lysozyme and reduced the thermal stability of lysozyme.Ethanol has much more influence on the thermal stability of lysozyme than DMSO has.With the isoconversional method,the apparent activation energy of denaturation process did not keep constant at different conversion ratios (α) in the presence/absence of the two denaturants,but decreased with the increase of α,indicating that a simple reaction mechanism could not be used for explaining the denaturation process of lysozyme.The denaturation process was not standard reversible two states but multi-step process.The isoconversional method provides new opportunities in exploring the multi-step or one-step kinetics of protein denaturation.

Abstract:Real time RT-PCR was applied to study the developmental patterns of leptin and leptin receptor gene mRNA expression at the ages of 1, 27, 90, 150 and 180 days after born (DAB) in subcutaneous fat and hypothalamus of Lantang and Landrace pigs. The results showed that: (1) in subcutaneous fat, Lantang had the highest leptin mRNA level at 180 DAB. Leptin mRNA at all ages in lantang was higher than that in landrace, except at 1 DAB. Leptin mRNA was significantly higher in Lantang pig than that in landrace pig at 180 DAB. Leptin mRNA had no significant difference among landrace pigs at all ages. (2) In hypothalamus, leptin receptor mRNA was highest at 180 DAB for both the two breeds, and it had significantly higher than that at other ages in lantang, and at 1 and 27 d in landrace. Two breeds at 1 d had apparent differed.(3) Lantang pigs at all ages had higher serum leptin level than landrace. Two breeds at 150 d were the highest compared with other ages. Lantang pigs at 150 day had significantly higher than at ages of 27 and 180 day. No significant changes were seen in all ages in landrace.

Abstract:Oogenesis is an important physiological event in the process of reproductive development.The present study was undertaken to investigate the apoptosis of the cells on fetal porcine ovaries.The fetal porcine ovaries 33,40,46,54 and 61 days post coitum (dpc) were collected from pregnant sows,respectively,and the paraffin sections were prepared and then stained by fluorescent dye Hoechst 33258.The results showed that the apoptotic cells were observed since 33 dpc in primordial germ cells and oogonium,and the apoptosis rates were 3.13%,4.32%,5.50%,9.43% and 11.10% at 33,40,46,54 and 61 dpc respectively.Meanwhile,the apoptosis rates of granulosa cells were 8.89%,12.45%,14.74%,17.96%and 22.81% at 33,40,46,54 and 61 dpc respectively.These results suggest that the apoptosis of oogonium and follicle cells on fetal porince ovaries happens and increases at the early stage of oogenesis.

Abstract:Pharmacokinetics of two different forms of marbofloxacin was investigated following intramuscular and oral administration methods to evaluate the safety for clinical use.Six healthy native dogs at a single dosage of 2.75 mg per kg body weight were chosen by this crossover design trial.Marbofloxacin concentration in plasma was determined by a high performance liquid chromatography with inner standard method.The parameters were concluded by 3P97 computer program.The concentration-time data were both fitted a one-compartment open model after intramuscular and oral administration of marbofloxacin.The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows:T1/2ka(0.52±0.41) h and (0.41±0.13) h，T1/2ke(4.40±1.86) h and (6.25±1.80) h，Tpeak (1.53±0.75) h and (1.68±0.39) h，Cmax(1.36±0.38) μg/mL and (0.93±0.06) μg/mL，AUC (10.64±2.66)（μg·h）/mL and (8.68±1.98)（μg·h）/mL,respectively for intramuscular and oral administration.The results showed that the pharmacokinetic characteristics of marbofloxacin in healthy dogs manifested the rapid absorption,big apparent volume of distribution,slow elimination.And oral adminstration showed more wide and deep tissue distribution than intramuscular adminstation.

Abstract:By RACE-PCR,immunoglobulin M heavy chain (H) and immunoglobulin light (L) chain cDNAs have been cloned and characterized from snakehead Channa argus.The IgH cDNA was found to be 1 912 nucleotides (nt) and contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 1 797 nt that is translated into a putative peptide of 598 amino acids (aa).The constant region (CH1-4) of IgH each contain a pair conserved Cys residues which may be responsible for the formation of intra-domain disulfide bridge.The Cys of CH1 may be concerned with inter-chain disulfide bridge,four N-linked glycosylation sites are located in CH1,CH2 and CH4 respectively.The multiple sequence alignment reveal the presence of a remarkable insertion at the CH1-CH2 boundary,result in a CH1，CH2 hinge peptide longer than other teleost IgH,respectively.Noteworthy,the Cys in CH4 is substituted by Lys in snakehead fish,that not find in other teleost IgH.Protein sequence of snakehead IgH has 55%,50％,45％,36％ and 28％ identical to orange-spotted grouper,blackfin icefish,bastard halibut,rainbow trout and zebrafish IgH,respectively.The IgL cDNA was found to be 941 nt and contains an ORF of 729 nt that translates into a putative peptide of 242 aa.The cysteine residues involved in the formation of disulfide bonds are completely conserved among fish IgL.Snakehead IgL exhibits 78%,77%,32% and 31% overall identity to Japanese amberjack,spotted wolfish,channel catfish and rainbow trout IgL,respectively.The phylogenetic tree of fish IgH conserved region contains two major branches of teleost and elasmobranch,and snakehead IgH is most closely related to pufferfish.The phylogenetic tree of IgL conserved region shows three major branches,and snakehead IgL locate as a branch of IgL1A.

Abstract:The heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) complete cDNAs were cloned from hybrid sturgeon（♀Huso huso×♂Acipenser schrencki） and Polyodon spathula.The results of the hybrid sturgeon and Polyodon spathula’s sequence showed that this nucleotide sequence of HSP70 gene has 96% and 98% identity with the Carassius auratus(GenBank No.DQ872648.1) sequence published by NCBI/GenBank.The full length cDNA (HSP70 cDNA) from hybrid sturgeon and Polyodon spathula were 382 bp and 334 bp long,respectively.Compared with other vertebrates’ amino acid sequence of HSP70 by DNAstar software,the sequence similarity was 86.2% between fish and mammals,and 86.8% between fish and amphibian,respectively.The sequence similarity was high among different fish species,and the average value was 93.8%,which shows a higher conservatism.Phylogenetic tree was constructed for 12 species based on HSP70 amino acid sequences using MP (maximum parsimony) method.Three major clusters were recognized:cluster one consisted of hybrid sturgeon,Polyodon spathula,Megalobrama amblycephala,Carassius auratus,Cyprinus carpio and Danio rerio(bootstrap 96); cluster two consisted of Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo salar(bootstrap 100); and cluster three consisted of Homo sapiensand Rattus norvegicus(bootstrap 89).

Abstract:Scortum barcoois an excellent economic fresh water fish which was native in Australia and introduced into China in 2001. After several years domesticated, it can be reproduced and has been an aquaculture target in China. However, the fry produce efficiency was very low. In order to improve the practice of Scortum barcoofry production,daily feeding rhythms and food selection in full stomach of larva Scortum barcoo were studied. Artemia saline was observed as the best feed for 3-day-old larvae at water temperature 25.7～28.2 ℃. The 8-day-old arvae could be fed with cladocera and Artemia saline. After 13 days from hatching，the larvae could be fed with copepoda and cladocera. With the growth of the larvae, the amount of food in full stomach increased. For the daily feeding rhythm, the pre-larvae (seven-day-old larvae) and the post-larvae (twenty four-day-old larvae) under three treatments (natural light, continuous lighting, continuous dark) were used for study. The results were as follows: pre-larvae under natural light treatment, feeding peak appeared from 08:00 to 10:00, from 12:00 to 14:00 and from 18:00 to 20:00. Prelarva fed very actively especially at 9:00 AM and 19:00 PM.However, there were no feed activities at mid-night,under the treatment of continuous light, there were still feeding activities at mid-night. There were no feeding activities under continuous dark treatment. For the post-larvae under natural light treatment, feeding peak appeared at 9:00-13:00, and feeding activities appeared mostly at day time. No feeding activities were observed at mid-night. However, feeding activities were observed at mid-night under continuous lighting treatment. Feeding rhythm was obviousunder continuous dark treatment, with small feeding peak appearing at 10:00-12:00 and 20:00-22:00.The feeding of post-larvae depended less on light. Taken together, our result showed that feeding rhythm of larval Scortum barcoo was identical with the daytime feeding. The feeding behavior of larval Scortum barcoo had close relationship with light.

Abstract:Methylation variations of artificial F4 and F10 generations of Raphanus sativus×Brassica alboglabra allopolyploid were examined with MSAP.The results showed that the methylation levels of F4,F10 were 30.61% and 33.10%,respectively.Twelve different models of methylation variations were detected,and these models could be divided into 5 types,with 41.71% variable methylation sites.The methylation levels of F4 and F10 after 5-azacytidine treatment were 20.67% and 25.75%,respectively.The results showed that after 5-azacytidine treatment,methylation variations of F10 were stronger than those of F4.

Abstract:15 samples from the inner and medium tepals of Chimonanthus praecox were selected for their representative phenotype in color to study the flower pigments.With the analysis of several color reactions and UV-visible spectra (200~600 nm),results were as follows:the main flower color pigments are attributed to flavonoids,including aurones,chalcones,flavonols and flavanones.Furthermore,anthocyanins and their anthocyanidins were contained in the red inner tepals or the ones with red speckles.In addition,the Q cluster analysis with average method based on the color reactions separated the 15 samples into 5 groups,consistent with the phenotypic color.

Abstract:The concentration of PA1b in several plants including pea,taro,ginger,tomato,bitter gourd,garlic,onion,towel gourd and cucumbers was measured by competitive inhibiting enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method to study the role of pea albumin 1b (PA1b) during the development of plants.The results show that the pea contains much more PA1b than other plants do,and the PA1b content reduces with the germination time.

Abstract:Using the way of single factor experimental design, the effects of four kinds of additives on the qualities of Tengcha[Ampelopsis grossedentata (HandMazz) W.T.Wang] beverage after processing and preservation were studied. The results showed as follows:pH 3.0~4.5 or with adding 0.004%~0.010% vitamin C are the favorable conditions for the stabilization of flavones and color and the sedimentation reduction in the beverage: the content of flavones increased and the crystal decreased under stored condition of 4 ℃,but the sedimentation increased under 38 ℃ and at room temperature.The preferable adding content of sucrose was 6.0%~9.0%; it was effective to reduce sedimentation and crystals,but to preserve flavones and color to add β-CD. Therefore,several kinds of additives should be selected to insure the qualities of Tencha beverages in the process of production.

Abstract:In order to solve the ecological environment rapeseed field data collection process data transfer was slow,storage capacity is small,the laying of sensor lines and adjust the difficult issues,has designed a wireless data collection devices,the device integrates a microcontroller CC1110 with a wireless module,SHT71 temperature and humidity sensors,TSL2561 illumination sensor,SWR soil moisture sensors. Data receiving module with PC computers using the MAX3232 serial communication.and ultimately achieving the data multi-point timing measurements,the node battery-powered,a large number of data transmission and preservation purposes.

Abstract:Bamboo shoot nutrient components of 30 hybrid families of Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro were tested in order to investigate variation of the descendants.Results showed that there were great variations in the content of water-soluble carbohydrates,starch,free amino acid and protein among different family,the CV of these indexes were 23.69%,26.70%,38.26% and 15.76%,respectively.Proportion of essential amino acid exceeded 30% in all families and fluctuated from 33.80% to 42.97%.All families could be classed into 3 clusters on basis of similarities of contents of water-soluble carbohydrates,starch,dissociate amino acid,protein and proportion of essential amino acid,11 families,included in the cluster I and cluster II,were excellent families of nutrient quality with higher contents of free amino acid,protein and proportion of essential amino acid，10 of them had the common parent JD or HK origin at least.It indicated that bamboo shoot nutrition of Dendrocalamus latiflorus was controlled by genetic,excellent hybrids at nutrient quality could be obtained through cross with suitable parents.