(Objective:)This study aimed to explore key metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with the social genetic effects (SGE) of residual feed intake (RFI) in Duroc pigs at the intestinal metabolome level, providing a molecular-level explanation for the social genetic effects of feed efficiency.(Methods)The RFI-SGE values of 209 Duroc pigs were estimated, and 20 extreme individuals (10 highest and 10 lowest) were selected and divided into a high social genetic effect group (HRS) and a low social genetic effect group (LRS). Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q Exactive) was employed to analyze the metabolomic profiles of ileal and cecal contents. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to identify significant differential metabolites between HRS and LRS groups in the ileum and cecum. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was performed to elucidate the major functional pathways involving these metabolites.(Results)LC-MS/MS analysis revealed 1,111 and 590 significantly differential metabolites in the ileum and cecum, respectively. Thirteen shared metabolites, including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), were identified in both intestinal segments. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that ileal differential metabolites were primarily enriched in 26 pathways, such as alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; ABC transporters; and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. Cecal differential metabolites were mainly associated with 8 pathways, including tryptophan metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and purine metabolism.(Conclusion)This intestinal metabolomics study demonstrated that the social genetic effects of RFI in Duroc pigs are significantly correlated with differential metabolites (e.g., GABA) and key metabolic pathways (e.g., amino acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism). These findings offer novel insights into the metabolic mechanisms underlying the social genetic effects of feed efficiency.