To investigate the characteristics of the digestive system of Euchiloglanis kishinouyei, a series of studies were conducted on its feeding organs and digestive tract using morphological and histological approaches. The results showed that E. kishinouyei possesses densely packed upper and lower jaw teeth, with the upper tooth band extending distinctly backward. The esophagus is short and thick, and the stomach is U-shaped with a relatively large capacity. The intestine can be divided into foregut, midgut, and hindgut based on two distinct bends. The foregut is enlarged, and the intestinal coefficient is 0.45?±?0.06. The liver exhibits a unique main-accessory liver structure: the main liver, divided into two lobes (long left and short right), is located at the anterior end of the abdominal cavity, while the accessory liver extends into the subcutaneous space behind the base of the pectoral fins via a connective band that passes through the body wall. Both sides of the accessory liver are morphologically similar. The hepatosomatic index (HSI) for the main liver is 0.65%?±?0.46%, and for the accessory liver, 0.54%?±?0.27%. Histological observations revealed well-developed taste buds around the lips and on the barbels. The esophageal musculature consists entirely of striated muscle, with longitudinal muscle bundles distributed in the submucosa. Numerous well-developed gastric glands were found in the corpus region of the stomach, and the circular muscle layer in the pyloric region was markedly thickened. Among the intestinal sections, the mucosal folds in the anterior intestine were the tallest, while the ratios of mucosal fold height to intestinal diameter remained relatively high in both the midgut and hindgut. Goblet cell numbers were lowest in the midgut and significantly higher in the hindgut. The well-developed taste buds, large accessory liver, and high relative height of intestinal mucosal folds reflect the species' strong adaptation to fast-flowing water environments. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the development of domestication strategies for E. kishinouyei.