To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), ferrous methionine chelate (Fe-Met), ferrous glycine chelate (Fe-Gly), and ferrous compound amino acids chelate (Fe-CAA) on the growth performance, serum biochemicals, and muscle quality of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), juvenile largemouth bass (8.60±0.04 g) were fed four isonitrogen and isolipidic experimental diets with different iron sources at the same iron content in the present study. They were fed for 10 weeks. The study showed that: (1) The final body weight of the Fe-CAA group was significantly higher than that of the other three groups (P < 0.05), and the condition factor of the FeSO4 group and the Fe-Gly group was significantly higher than that of the Fe-Met group and the Fe-CAA group (P < 0.05). (2) The serum HDL content was significantly higher in the FeSO4 and Fe-CAA groups than in the Fe-Gly group (P < 0.05); the serum AST activity was significantly higher in the Fe-Gly group than in the FeSO4 group, and the serum ALT activity was significantly higher in the Fe-Met group than in the FeSO4 group (P < 0.05); the serum SOD activity was significantly higher in the Fe-CAA group than in the Fe-Met and Fe-Gly group; and the serum MDA content was significantly lower in the Fe-CAA group than in the other three groups (P < 0.05). (3) Muscle SOD activity was significantly higher in the Fe-CAA group than in the other three groups, and MDA content was significantly lower than that in the Fe-Met group and Fe-Gly group (P < 0.05); GSH and CAT activities were significantly higher in the FeSO4 group and the Fe-CAA group than in the Fe-Met group and the Fe-Gly group (P < 0.05); Furthermore, the T-AOC in the Fe-CAA group was significantly higher than that in the Fe-Met group and the Fe-Gly group (P < 0.05). (4) The trypsin activity of the Fe-CAA group was significantly higher than that of the FeSO4 group and Fe-Met group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, compared with ferrous sulfate, ferrous methionine, and ferrous glycine, ferrous complex amino acid chelate has the advantage of improving final body weight and antioxidant capacity.