Biological soil crusts are the main cover of the soil surface in arid areas， in which the microorganisms play an important role in regulating the climate sensitivity of carbon cycling in dry areas. At present， there are still disagreements in the studies on the effects of climate warming on the microbial communities and their respiration in biological soil crusts. This article summarized the emission patterns of carbon in biological soil crusts in different experimental cycles， seasons， and types of biological soil crusts through the warming experiments of simulating climate warming to more accurately predict the carbon balance in arid areas in the future. The intrinsic reasons for the differences in carbon emissions were analyzed by combining changes in microbial abundance and organic carbon. The results showed that short-term warming （below 2 year） led to a significant decrease in the abundance of moss or lichens in the biological soil crust， thereby increasing the content of organic carbon in soil， with a synchronous increase in the emissions of net carbon depending on the content of moisture in soil. Long-term warming （greater than 5 year） reduced the sensitivity of microorganisms to temperature and humidity， and the abundance and composition of microorganisms tended to stabilize， resulting in relatively stable content of organic carbon and the emissions of net carbon. The existing results reflect the patterns of and reasons for carbon emissions in biological soil crusts， but the underlying regulatory mechanisms involved by microorganisms are still unclear. Therefore， it is necessary to focus on studying the response mechanism of the carbon metabolism of microorganisms in biological soil crusts to warming in the future. It will provide important theoretical basis for evaluating carbon balance in arid areas.