Two treatments including co-cropping Zizania latifolia with crayfish （ZC） and Zizania latifolia monoculture （Z） were set up to study the effects of co-cropping Zizania latifolia with crayfish on the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil， the accumulation of dry matter and the uptake and distribution of nitrogen， phosphorus， and potassium in Zizania latifolia to explore fertilization strategies for the planting and farming mode of Zizania latifolia. The results of two years showed that ZC increased the content of total nitrogen， total phosphorus， and available phosphorus in the soil during the harvesting period by 10.85% to 38.89%， 5.45% to 13.79%， and 6.19% to 61.79%， respectively， compared to Z. ZC increased the net Zizania latifolia yield by 5.10% to 19.54%. ZC increased the accumulation of dry matter in the stem， leaf， and net Zizania latifolia during the harvesting period by 14.41% to 16.58%， 10.28% to 15.15%， and 10.57% to 21.45%， respectively. In 2021， ZC significantly increased the content of nitrogen in leaves by 25.74% compared to Z during the harvesting period of Zizania latifolia， but significantly reduced the content of phosphorus in stems by 16.76% during the pregnancy period of Zizania latifolia. In 2022， ZC significantly reduced the content of nitrogen in stem by 23.75% during the pregnancy period of Zizania latifolia and the content of phosphorus in leaves by 12.08% during the tillering period of Zizania latifolia compared to Z under the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer and reduced feeding. There was no significant difference in the content of potassium in the same organ during the entire two-year growth period between the two treatments. For nutrient accumulation， the accumulation of nitrogen， phosphorus， and potassium in the leaves of Zizania latifolia under ZC in 2021 significantly decreased by 26.04%， 27.27%， and 30.11% compared to Z during the tillering period. However， the accumulation of nitrogen and potassium in the stems and leaves during the harvesting period under ZC significantly increased by 18.80%， 38.41%， 44.77%， and 35.71%， respectively， compared to Z. In 2022， the accumulation of phosphorus in the leaves and accumulation of potassium in the stems of ZC significantly increased by 30.0% and 30.77% compared to Z during the harvesting period under the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer and reduced feeding. For nutrient distribution， the distribution of nitrogen in the two treatments of Zizania latifolia during the pregnancy and harvesting period was mainly in the stem and leaves， while the distribution of phosphorus and potassium elements was mainly in the stem， with distribution ratio of 42% to 66% in stem. For nutrient transport， the roots， stems， and leaves of the two treatments of Zizania latifolia mostly exhibited “sink”organs in nitrogen and phosphorus transport in 2021， while they mostly exhibited “source” organs in potassium transport. In 2022， the roots， stems， and leaves of Zizania latifolia in the two treatments mostly represented “source” organs in nitrogen， phosphorus， and potassium transport under the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer and reduced feeding. It is indicated that reducing the input of fertilizer and feed appropriately in the co-cropping Zizania latifolia with crayfish can promote the formation of a reasonable source and sink relationship， which is conducive to the formation of yield.