Molybdenum （Mo），as an essential trace element in plants，plays a crucial role in promoting the growth and development of plant and enhancing plant stress resistance.The absorption and transportation of molybdenum in plants are mainly regulated by the molybdate transporter genes MOT1 and MOT2.Molybdenum enters the plant and participates in the growth and metabolism of plant in the form of molybdenum containing enzymes.The regulation of plant stress resistance is mainly manifested as follows：molybdenum affects the photosynthetic carbon and nitrogen metabolism，hormone synthesis，and reactive oxygen species metabolism in the plant through molybdenum containing enzymes including nitrate reductase，aldehyde oxidase，and xanthine dehydrogenase，thereby regulating plant cold resistance.Molybdenum regulates root development，nutrient and water use，and drought resistance gene expression through signal transduction processes mediated by nitrate reductase and aldehyde oxidase，further affecting lipid synthesis and metabolism to regulate plant drought resistance.The recent studies have found that molybdenum plays an important role in plant adaptation to salt stress and alleviating heavy metal stress as well.It will provide new insights into improving plant stress resistance via regulating molybdenum nutrition.