The slow/controlled-release technology has been widely applied in the agricultural production with the rapid development of green， efficient， and intensive modern agriculture.The use of slow/controlled release fertilizers （SRFs or CRFs） can reduce environmental pollution， restore soil ecology， improve the utilization efficiency of fertilizer， and reduce labor costs.However， there are also some shortcomings in the application of slow/controlled release fertilizers.This article summarized the development， classification， preparation methods， and applications of SRFs or CRFs in recent years based on reviewing literatures.The advantages and disadvantages of slow/controlled release fertilizers in application were summarized.The problems and countermeasures in the application of slow/controlled release fertilizers were sorted out.It is proposed that systematic studies should be conducted on the application technology and evaluation system of slow/controlled release fertilizers in the future， focusing on the development of green materials， production processes， and equipment innovation， to form the integration and demonstration of industrial technology for slow/controlled release fertilizers， and to develop efficient， environment friendly， and low-cost slow/controlled release fertilizers that meet the requirements of production.