To understand the molecular mechanism of interleukin in Monopterus albus against Aeromonas veronii infection，the sequence characteristics of six interleukin genes including il-6，il-12p35，il-12p40，il-15，ebi3 and il-34 and their coded proteins in M. albus were analyzed by bioinformatics method，and the expression patterns of these genes in healthy and A. veronii infected M. albus were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR （qRT-PCR）. The results showed that the amino acids sequences of six interleukin proteins had the highest similarity and the closest evolutionary relationship with those of tilapia. The gene structure of six interleukin genes was basically the same as that of other fish. Synteny analysis showed that il-15 was relatively conserved in evolution. Interleukin genes were expressed in different tissues of healthy M. albus. Compared with the control group，the expression of interleukin genes changed significantly after A. veronii infection. Among them，il-6，il-12p35 and ebi3 were involved in the early stage of antibacterial immune response of M. albus. The results showed that il-6，il-12p35，il-12p40，il-15，ebi3 and il-34 genes all played a regulatory role in the immune defense of M. albus against pathogen invasion.