In order to find out the transmission route of red imported fire ants （Solenopsis invicta Buren） in Hubei Province and effectively monitor their occurrence，in this study，ant samples collected from Wuhan，Huanggang，Jingmen and Yichang were identified as red fire ants by morphological and molecular identification techniques，and field investigation and suitability analysis of red fire ants in Hubei Province were carried out. The results showed that the newly occurring areas were moderately heavy or severe，and the nests of red fire ants produced winged reproductive ants，which had the ability of marital flight and dispersal. The main transmission route was to introduce the soil nursery plants carrying red fire ants from the occurrence areas of red fire ants in southern China. AcrGIS system was used to analyze the suitable habitat of red imported fire ants in Hubei Province，and the results showed that the climate conditions in most regions of Hubei Province could satisfy the survival and reproduction of fire ants except for the western region of Hubei Province （mainly Enshi City） and the northern region （mainly Shiyan and Shennongjia Forest Region），where the effective accumulated temperature was low and （or） rainfall was less. Therefore，it is necessary to strengthen plant quarantine，monitoring and control in the suitable areas of red fire ants in Hubei Province.