Both food and environment are important factors that affect human health. The mainstream western nutrition and dietetics focus on the study of the impact of environmental geography， climate conditions or dietary patterns on human health， while ignoring the coupling relationship between the health function of traditional food and its origin， environment and human health. This article firstly comprehensively summarized the progress on environmental geography， dietary patterns and human health， and defined the research scope of environment correlative dietology. “Environment correlative dietology” can be roughly defined as a systematic science that adopts modern scientific methods to study the relationship and mechanism of eating and health in a specific environment based on the oriental people's concept “nature-mankind correspondence” and the particularity of their physique. Then， the relationship between food and environment coupling to health by taking cold and hot syndromes which distinguishes Chinese from Western because of their physical constitution and dietary habits as an example was systematically discussed. Finally， the modern research methods in environment correlative dietology were introduced. As a new interdisciplinary subject， environment correlative dietology focuses on the study of traditional oriental dietary nutrition on the basis of environment，and the health effects of eating with mixed diet under specific environmental conditions. Relevant research results in this field will provide reference for the development of Chinese traditional food including environmental geographic food and seasonal food.