Bergamot essential oil (BEO) is a very common citrus essential oil,which is widely used in the cosmetics and food industries. At the same time,it has a good effect on improving the mood of mice and anti-inflammatory and analgesic as well. This article evaluated the neuroprotective effects of inhaling BEO for various times on micewith Alzheimer’s disease induced by D-galactose (D-gal) and aluminum trichloride (AlCl3). Healthy male Kunming mice received D-gal (120 mg/kg,intraperitoneal injection) and AlCl3 (10 mg/kg,intraperitoneal injection) for 49 days were used to establish an Alzheimer’s disease model. On the 29th day,the positive group received donepezil hydrochloride (oral),the sniffing group inhaled BEO for 1 h or 2 h for 21 d. After treatment,the cognitive behavior of the mice was evaluated by Y-maze and open field test (OFT),and the changes in brain biochemistry were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results of behavioral studies showed that D-gal and AlCl3 significantly reduced spontaneous alternation and motor activities,indicating that the cognitive ability of mice was impaired. The results of biochemical studies showed that D-gal and AlCl3 significantly increased the degree of oxidation stress,the number of inflammatory factors and the content of acetylcholinesterase (AchE). However,the cognitive behavioral impairment and the changes of biochemical indexes of the mice in the 2 h sniffing group were significantly improved. It is indicated that inhalation of BEO for 21 d,especially in the 2 h sniffing group,can significantly reduce the behavioral disorders and biochemical damage caused by D-gal and AlCl3.