How to balance the contradiction between agricultural production and environmental resources is a huge challenge for geneticists and breeders in China and worldwide. In response to this challenge,geneticists and breeders in China proposed the notion of “Green Super Rice” (GSR),established a whole-genome selection and gene-specific selection system,discovered a batch of green trait genes for high yield,superior quality,resistance to pests and diseases,tolerance to abiotic stresses,and high nutrient-use efficiency. The breeding and application of a large number of Green Super Rice varieties has promoted the paradigm shift of the goals and models of crop genetic improvement. This article summarized the concept,development and achievements of Green Super Rice. The breeding and application of green,nutritious and high-quality rice were prospected to enhance the development of green agriculture.