The Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress passed the Biosafety Lawof the People’s Republic of China (referred to as the Biosafety Law) and came into force since April 15,2021. The Biosafety Law is the first framework law of biosafety with a fundamental and overall nature in China,which only stipulates basic principles and requirements. The security of research and application of biotechnology,the biosafety of pathogenic microorganism laboratories,and the prevention of bioterrorism and biological weapons threats are the three main contents of the eight aspects of biosafety risks involved in the Biosafety Law,and synthetic biology is closely related to these three aspects. Synthetic biology,as a hotspot of global research and disruptive cutting-edge biotechnology in recent years,can be applied to artificially synthesized viruses or bacteria. There are risks and threats of creating bioterrorism and biological weapons,and its regulation is of great concern as well. This article first expounds the significance of implementing the Biosafety Law to the development of biotechnology safety,then introduces the definition and development of synthetic biology,analyzes the risks faced by synthetic biology,reviews the regulation of synthetic biology among different countries,and points out that the introduction of the Biosafety Law has established a framework for the management of synthetic biology in China. Finally,it proposes how to better strengthen the prevention and control of synthetic biology risks at the legal and technical levels.