Production agglomeration is an effective way to promote the sustainable development of agricultural economy. This article studied the factors influencing production agglomeration of planting industry in China to provide a reference for policy making to optimize the layout of agricultural production and increase the effective supply of agricultural products. The spatialtemporal characteristics of production agglomeration of planting industry in China from 1998 to 2018 were described by calculating the spatial Gini coefficient,industrial concentration rate,production scale index and spatial autocorrelation index. The Durbin model with period and spatial double fixed effects was used to empirically analyze the factors affecting production agglomeration. The results showed that the degree of production agglomeration of planting industry in China first increased and then decreased slowly,and the distribution of production had a significant positive spatial correlation. The increase in the amount of agricultural arable land,the efficiency of utilizing chemical fertilizer,the density of transportation facilities,and the financial support for agriculture and the industrialization level was conducive to the increase in the degree of production agglomeration of planting. However,rural human capital did not play a positive role in promoting the agglomeration. The impact of the degree of disaster,the level of mechanization and the degree of economic openness was not significant in the model. Policy recommendations including encouraging moderatescale operations,training agricultural professional and technical personnel,and building a supporting industrial chain for agricultural products are put forward.