The Yangtze River Basin is the main production area of rice and oilseed rape in China,and rice-oilseed rape rotation is the main planting pattern. Fertilization is the material basis for maintaining and improving the productivity of the crop rotation system. Application of fertilizers,especially nitrogen (N) fertilizers,plays a vital role in increasing yield. However,the excessive or unreasonable application not only leads to weak crop resistance,low N fertilizer utilization,poor quality and economic benefits,but also causes accumulation of nutrients in the environment,which affects the quality of the atmosphere,water bodies,and the health of human and livestock. Focusing on the problems of low carbon and nitrogen content in the cultivated soil,high nitrogen fertilizer usage,serious losses,and low nitrogen fertilizer utilization of the rice-oilseed rape rotation system in the Yangtze River Basin,a comprehensive regulation model was established through coordinating and optimizing the annual nutrient management,soil carbon and N coordinated regulation,slow/controlled release fertilizer application on N loss control,improvement of fertilization method,cultivation technologies with high-yield and high-efficiency in order to provide theoretical and technical support for increasing yield and efficiency of N fertilizer in rice-oilseed rape rotation system in the Yangtze River Basin.