In order to explore the application of fertilizer and pesticide reduction,experiments with two factors and three levels were conducted to compare the effects of different fertilizer and pesticide reduction combinations on the incidence of main diseases and pests and yield in rice. The results showed that the reduction of fertilizer tended to reduce the incidence of disease and insects,whereas the reduction of pesticides had a tendency to increase the incidence of disease and insects. The incidence of rice sheath blight,fourth generation rice planthopper,and rice leaf borer was significantly affected by the reduction of fertilizer. By contrast,the incidence of rice sheath blight,third-and fourth-generation rice planthopper,and rice leaf borer was significantly affected by the reduction of pesticide. However,both reduction of fertilizer and pesticide had no significant effect on the incidence of rice blast,rice false smut,and rice borer. The reduction of fertilizer with approximately 30% significantly affected rice yield,leading to the harvest yield reduction of 10.29%. Compared with the control treatment,the reduction of fertilizer with less than 20% increased the harvest yield of green additive alternative treatment and biological pesticide alternative treatment 0.38% and 2.49%,respectively. It is indicated that biological pesticide and green additive alternative treatment can be used as technical measures for reducing the number of chemical pesticides.