In order to explore the genetic background of short gestation period and high litter size of Qingping pigs, correlation analysis between ESR , FSHβ and PRLR genes and the reproductive performance in F1 population and F2 black pigs of Qingping pigs × Landrace hybrid was carried out. The results showed that: (1) The gene frequency of A and B allele of FSHβ was similar in both F1 and F2 populations, while the predominant allele of ESR in both populations were B allele. The predominant allele of PRLR in F1 populations was C allele, and gene frequency of C and T allele in F2 population was similar. (2) Different genotypes of FSHβ had significant effects on the number of live piglets in F1 population, and on the total number of litters, birth weight, weaned piglet, and weight at 3 weeks of age in F2 population ( P <0.05). (3) Effects of different ESR genotypes on gestation period in F2 were in the order of AB