Microbiome sequencing technology was used to study the effects of applying 4 kinds of straw compositing agents including T1( Trichiderma asperellum/Bacillus subtilis ),T2( Aspergillus niger/Bacillus subtilis ),T3( Rhizopus nigricans / Bacillus subtilis ) and T4( Trichiderma asperellum / Bacillus subtilis ) on soil microbial ecology.The results showed that the population of fungi was more affected by the treatments,in which the number of family and genus was obviously increased.The number of family and genus in the T2 treatment was the biggest (133.3%) compared to positive control (Tp).The number of family or genus in the T4 treatment increased with a small range from 15.6%-45.8%.The population of bacteria was not largely changed.Results of comparing Chao1 index showed that the fungi index dramatically increased with a range from 74.5% to 191.8%,whereas bacteria index was changed at a small scale (-4.0%-15.1%).Results of statistics analyses showed that 24 to 55 genera of fungi in different treatments were significantly up-graded ( P <0.05 and fold changes≥2),of which more than 60% were commonly significantly up-graded in contrast to both Tp and Tn,in which only 2-11 genera of bacteria were significantly up-graded.4-11 genera of fungi were significantly down-graded,of which 14.3%-25.0% were commonly significantly up-graded in contrast to both Tp and Tn,in which 4-7 genera of bacteria were significantly down-graded related to Tp,but none was down-graded compared to Tn.The similarities of microorganism Beta diversity in different treatments were analyzed by UPGMA cluster.The results of soil fungal Beta diversity showed that T1,T2,T3 and positive control were in the same cluster,while T4 and negative control in another cluster. The results of bacterial Beta diversity showed that T2,T3,T4 and positive control were in the same cluster,while T1 and negative control were in the same cluster.