To elucidate the mechanism of the aphrodisiac powder for treating cow’s persistent corpus luteum,36 cows with persistent corpus luteum,which was detected through rectum and B ultrasound examination,were treated with high,medium,low doses of aphrodisiac powder and with warm water for the negative control for continuous 4 d.The efficiency of treatment was calculated and serum FSH,LH,E2,P4 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorption method at different time points.The results showed that the total effective rate was 70% in the high and medium dose group,30% in the low dose group,and 16.7% in the negative control.The total effective rate of the high and medium dose group was significant different from the low dose group (P＜0.05),and was extremely significant from the negative control (P＜0.01).As for the hormone level,serum FSH,LH,E2 levels tended to rise after taking medicine,P4 tended to decline,with some reached extremely significant level at special time point (P＜0.01).The high dose group had the most obvious changing trend,followed by the middle dose group and the serum reproductive hormones content had no significant difference among different time points in the negative control (P＞0.05),with only a little increase of LH and E2 on 16-19 days.The above results showed that Chinese medicine aphrodisiac powder could adjust reproductive hormone levels to achieve therapeutic purposes for cow’s persistent corpus luteum and the treatment effect of high dose group was the best.