In the present study,differences of spatial learning and memory ability between male and female bitterling, Rhodeus sinensis,were investigated using Tmaze.A faster decline in mean latency and higher percentage of correction were detected in the trained female bitterling.The times of training trials reaching the criterion was also lower in female than that in male.The results showed that,both male and female bitterlings were able to learn a spatial task after being trained.However,there were significant gender differences in reproduction season,with the capability of spatial cognition in female excelled that in male.