In order to construct the phylogenetic relationship of Tetrigoidea and explore the differences between the molecular phylogenetic relationship and the tradition taxonomy, the COI gene sequences of 16 species of Tetrigoidea were amplified and sequenced. Furthermore, the record of NCBI was also taken into consideration. Inferred from the COI gene sequences (597 bp) of the 6 family, 17 genera and 41 species of Tetrigoidea, the phylogenetic relationship of Tetrigoidea was reconstructed by using Neighbor Joining (NJ), Maximum Parsimony (MP), Most Likehood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. The results indicate that Tetrigoidea is a monophyletic group. Tetrix is the most evolved group and followed by Scelimenidae, but the phylogenetic relationship of other families is not clear in Tetrigoidea. Cladonotidae,Scelimenidae,Metrodoridae,Tetrigidae are not monophyletic groups. In the category of genera, Saussurella, Eucriotettix, Thoradonta are monophyletic groups,Eucriotettix and Thoradonta are sister groups, but other genera are not monophyletic groups. Pseudepitettix of Cladonotidae should be included in Tetrigidae. In the category of species,the intraspecific differentiation of Hedotettix gracilis, Tetrix grossus and Tetrix japonica is obvious.