Many issues need to be dealt with for future plant breeding.In this paper,I briefly discussed issues related to the concept of food security from the perspective of total demand both in quantity and quality and production sustainability.We are now facing great challenges in both demand and sustainability.Food production needs to be greatly increased in the coming decades to cope with the population explosion,while the environmental sustainability requires reduction of input including chemical fertilizers,pesticides,water,labor and other resources.Increased awareness of the relation between nutrition and health also requires crop products to better meet the need of human population by producing more nutritious food.The goals and directions of plant breeding have to evolve accordingly to address all these needs.To this end,I briefly reviewed the recent progress in plant genomic research and technology development and discussed how these advances can be applied to breeding programs to address food security issues.