In order to research and explore the specific heat capacity of rice straw and establish specific heat capacity prediction model. In this study, 74 samples of rice straws were collected by using differential calorimeter scanner DSC200F3 and the samples were measured by using the specific heat ratio method. The heat capacity and DSC curve of the 74 kinds of rice straws were used as data to do stastic analysis. Gauss function, Polynomial function and Rational function were used to fit the DSC curve of the samples in MATLAB, then establish fitting model of the heat capacity of rice straw and make external authentication for the model. The results show that the specific heat capacity of rice straw is between 0.788 6-6.589 5 J/(mg·K) during the temperature 30-200℃ and the temperature has a great influence on specific heat capacity as well as the geography, variety and growing environment. The variation of rice straw DSC curve is basically the same and the curve shape is similar to the normal distribution curve which has apparent "tail" phenomenon; the heat capacity curve of rice straw can be described by using a Gaussian function which has high prediction accuracy. The correlation coefficient between the measured value and model predictive value of the specific heat capacity is 0.998 6,and the variance and the standard deviation values are 0.648 1 and 0.045 4.